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Figure 4 in Morphological, ontogenetic, and molecular investigations of freshwater hypotrich ciliates from China revealed a new genus Heterodeviata gen. nov. (Protista: Ciliophora), and a novel limnetic population of Deviata multilineae
Figure 4. Early to middle morphogenetic stages of Heterodeviata sinica asser protargol impregnation. A, macronuclear nodules of a very early divider (ventral view), showing replication band of macronuclear nodules (arrows). B, oral primordium of the opisthe (arrow). C, developed oral primordia (arrow). D–F, ventrolateral (D, E) and dorsolateral (F) view of the same early divider, showing incomplete adoral zone of membranelles (arrow in D, E), the intrakinetally formed marginal anlagen and dorsal kinety anlage 1. G, H, ventral (G) and dorsal (H) view of the same early-middle divider, showing the dorsal kinety 2 anlage formed to the right of the right marginal anlage 2. I, J, ventral (I) and dorsal (J) view of the same middle divider, denoting anlagen I–IV differentiating into cirri, arrowhead in (I) shows the parabuccal cirrus. DḎ1, 2, dorsal kineties anlagen 1, 2; FC, frontal cirri; FVR, frontoventral cirral row; LMA1, 2, less marginal anlagen 1, 2; Ma, macronuclear nodules; Mi, micronuclei; RMA1, 2, right marginal anlagen 1, 2; UMA, undulating membrane anlage. Scale bars: 20 μm (A–C), 50 μm (D–J).
Figure 3 in Morphological, ontogenetic, and molecular investigations of freshwater hypotrich ciliates from China revealed a new genus Heterodeviata gen. nov. (Protista: Ciliophora), and a novel limnetic population of Deviata multilineae
Figure 3. Heterodeviata sinica from life (A, D–F, I–K) and asser protargol impregnation (B, C, G, H, L–P). A, ventral view of a composite representative specimen. B, L, details of the oral zone, arrow in (B) indicates pharyngeal fibres. C, detail of the end of cell, arrowhead indicates the caudal cirrus at the end of dorsal kinety 1. D–F, ventral views, showing the various cell shapes, arrows mark the contractile vacuole. G, H, M–O, ventral (G, N) and dorsal (H, M, O) views of the holotype, denoting infraciliature and nuclear apparatus, arrowhead in (G) marks buccal cirrus, arrowheads in (H, O) and arrow in (M, O) show the two dorsal bristles of dorsal kinety 2 and the single caudal cirrus, respectively. I, J, ventral views to show different individuals, arrow in (I) shows contractile vacuole. K, showing the cytoplasm and macronuclear nodules. P, dorsal view of a different individual, arrowheads and arrow indicate two dorsal bristles and caudal cirrus, respectively. 1, 2, dorsal kineties 1, 2; E, endoral; FC, frontal cirri; FVR, frontoventral cirral row; LMR1, 2, less marginal rows 1, 2; Ma, macronuclear nodules; Mi, micronuclei; P, paroral; PBC, parabuccal cirri; RMR1, 2, right marginal rows 1, 2. Scale bars: 50 μm (A, D–F, I, J), 30 μm (G, H, K–P).
Figure 6 in Morphological, ontogenetic, and molecular investigations of freshwater hypotrich ciliates from China revealed a new genus Heterodeviata gen. nov. (Protista: Ciliophora), and a novel limnetic population of Deviata multilineae
Figure 6. Middle to late morphogenetic stages of Heterodeviata sinica asser protargol impregnation. A, B, ventral (A) and dorsal (B) view of the same middle divider, to demonstrate the formed marginal rows and dorsal kineties 1, 2. C, D, ventral (C) and dorsal (D) view of the same late-middle divider, arrowheads in (C) show the parabuccal cirrus. E, F, ventral (E) and dorsal (F) view of the same late divider, arrowheads in (E) and arrows in (F) separately mark the parabuccal and caudal cirrus for the proter and opisthe. G, H, ventral (G) and dorsal (H) view of the same late divider, arrowheads and arrows separately show the parabuccal and caudal cirrus. BC, buccal cirrus, DK1, 2, dorsal kineties 1, 2; FC, frontal cirri; FVR, frontoventral cirral row; LMR1, 2, less marginal rows 1, 2; Ma, macronuclear nodules; RMR1, 2, right marginal rows 1, 2. Scale bars: 50 μm.
Figure 2. A, maximum likelihood tree inferred from 18S in Morphological, ontogenetic, and molecular investigations of freshwater hypotrich ciliates from China revealed a new genus Heterodeviata gen. nov. (Protista: Ciliophora), and a novel limnetic population of Deviata multilineae
Figure 2. A, maximum likelihood tree inferred from 18S rRNA gene sequences, showing the phylogenetic positions of the two newly sequenced species. Numbers near the nodes represent the ML bootstrap support and BI posterior probability values. Fully supported (100%/1.00) branches are marked with solid circles. 'Asterisks' indicate disagreement between the ML and BI trees. Sequences newly obtained are in pink. The scale bar corresponds to one substitution per 100 nucleotide positions. B, the tree is made referring to the ML tree in a radiation view, showing the likely systematic relationship of Heterodeviata with related genera. C, topology of species within Deviatidae in Bayesian inference (BI) tree. '**' indicates the sequence Perisincirra sp. (KY855575) is probably misidentified, which should be conspecific with Deviata brasiliensis.
Fig. 3 in Taxonomy and morphology of four "ophrys-related" scuticociliates (Protista, Ciliophora, Scuticociliatia), with the description of a new genus, Paramesanophrys gen. nov.
Fig. 3. Paramesanophrys typica gen. et sp. nov., from life (A–N) and after protargol staining (O–S). A. Ventral view of a representative individual. B–E. Different individuals; arrowhead in B shows caudal cilium, arrowheads in E mark somatic cilia. F. Posterior region of cell; arrow shows contractile vacuole and arrowhead marks caudal cilium. G. Anterior region of cell; arrowhead marks buccal region. H. Ventral view, showing food vacuoles (arrowhead). I–N. Ventral views, to show various shapes of buccal regions (arrowheads). O–Q. Detailed infraciliature of buccal area (P from holotype). R. Macronucleus. S. Posterior region; arrowheads show dikinetids of somatic kineties. Abbreviations: M1–3 = membranelles 1, 2 and 3; Ma = macronucleus; PM = paroral membrane. Scale bars: A, E = 40 μm; B–D = 70 μm; G, M–N = 10 μm.
Fig. 18 in Morphological versus molecular delimitation of ciliate species: a case study of the family Clevelandellidae (Protista, Ciliophora, Armophorea)
Fig. 18. Phylogeny of the family Clevelandellidae Kidder, 1938 based on 18S rRNA gene sequences. Bootstrap values for maximum likelihood analyses performed in IQTrees and PhyML as well as posterior probabilities for Bayesian interference performed in MrBayes and Phycas were mapped onto the best scoring IQTree. Dashes indicate statistical support below 50%. Sequences obtained in this study are in bold face. Members of each morphospecies are marked by the same color, as shown in Fig. 17. For specimen codes and further details, see Table 6. The scale bar denotes six substitutions per one thousand nucleotide positions.
Fig. 14. Paraclevelandia brevis Kidder, 1937. Thai I in Morphological versus molecular delimitation of ciliate species: a case study of the family Clevelandellidae (Protista, Ciliophora, Armophorea)
Fig. 14. Paraclevelandia brevis Kidder, 1937. Thai I specimens (A–C, F–G) isolated from Panesthia angustipennis angustipennis (Illiger, 1801) and Vietnamese specimens (D–E) isolated from Panesthia angustipennis cognata Bey-Bienko, 1969 from life (A–C) and after protargol impregnation (D–G). A. Ventral overview, showing the general body organization. Arrows mark the proximal end of the peristomial opening, black arrowheads denote the proximal end of the adoral zone of membranelles, white arrowheads denote the karyophore attached to the anterior body pole. B–C. Ciliary pattern of ventral and dorsal sides. Asterisks mark the position of the ciliary whorl (posterior suture). D–G. Ventral views of specimens with well-preserved body shape. Scale bars = 20 μm.
Fig. 13. Paraclevelandia brevis Kidder, 1937. Thai I in Morphological versus molecular delimitation of ciliate species: a case study of the family Clevelandellidae (Protista, Ciliophora, Armophorea)
Fig. 13. Paraclevelandia brevis Kidder, 1937. Thai I specimens isolated from Panesthia angustipennis angustipennis (Illiger, 1801) after protargol impregnation. A–J. Variability of body shape and size as well as of the nuclear (shaded grey) and oral (shaded yellow) apparatus. Scale bar = 20 μm.
Fig. 4 in Morphological versus molecular delimitation of ciliate species: a case study of the family Clevelandellidae (Protista, Ciliophora, Armophorea)
Fig. 4. Clevelandella hastula (Kidder, 1937). Vietnamese specimens isolated from Panesthia angustipennis cognata Bey-Bienko, 1969 from life (A) and after protargol impregnation (B–N). A. Ventral view of a representative specimen, length 90 μm. B–K. Variability of body shape and size as well as of the nuclear (shaded grey) and oral (shaded yellow) apparatus. L. Semi-schematic diagram, showing the general body organization. M–N. Ciliary pattern of ventral and dorsal sides. Arrow marks the right suture and black arrowheads denote the position of the ciliary whorl (posterior suture). Scale bars = 30 μm.
Fig. 2 in Morphological versus molecular delimitation of ciliate species: a case study of the family Clevelandellidae (Protista, Ciliophora, Armophorea)
Fig. 2. Clevelandella constricta (Kidder, 1937). Thai I specimens isolated from Panesthia angustipennis angustipennis (Illiger, 1801) after protargol impregnation. A–J. Variability of body shape and size as well as of the nuclear (shaded grey) and oral (shaded yellow) apparatus. Scale bar = 50 μm.
Fig. 7 in Morphological versus molecular delimitation of ciliate species: a case study of the family Clevelandellidae (Protista, Ciliophora, Armophorea)
Fig. 7. Clevelandella panesthiae (Kidder, 1937). Vietnamese specimens isolated from Panesthia angustipennis cognata Bey-Bienko, 1969 after protargol impregnation. A–D. Variability of body shape and size as well as of the nuclear (shaded grey) and oral (shaded yellow) apparatus. Scale bar = 50 μm.
Fig. 17 in Morphological versus molecular delimitation of ciliate species: a case study of the family Clevelandellidae (Protista, Ciliophora, Armophorea)
Fig. 17. Phylogeny of the order Clevelandellida de Puytorac & Grain, 1976 based on 18S rRNA gene sequences. Some metopids were used as outgroup. Bootstrap values for maximum likelihood analyses performed in IQTrees and PhyML as well as posterior probabilities for Bayesian interference performed in MrBayes and Phycas were mapped onto the best scoring IQTree. Dashes indicate statistical support below 50%, asterisks denote mismatch with the topology shown. Sequences obtained in this study are in bold face. Members of each morphospecies are marked by the same color, following the code in the inset. For specimen codes and further details, see Table 6. The scale bar denotes three substitutions per one hundred nucleotide positions.
Fig. 9 in Morphological versus molecular delimitation of ciliate species: a case study of the family Clevelandellidae (Protista, Ciliophora, Armophorea)
Fig. 9. Clevelandella parapanesthiae (Kidder, 1937). Thai I specimens isolated from Panesthia angustipennis angustipennis (Illiger, 1801) from life (A) and after protargol impregnation (B–N). A. Ventral view of a representative specimen, length 90 μm. B–K. Variability of body shape and size as well as of the nuclear (shaded grey) and oral (shaded yellow) apparatus. L. Semi-schematic diagram, showing the general body organization. M–N. Ciliary pattern of ventral and dorsal sides. Arrow marks the right suture, black arrowheads indicate the position of the ciliary whorl (posterior suture). Scale bars = 30 μm.
Fig. 12. Paraclevelandia brevis Kidder, 1937 in Morphological versus molecular delimitation of ciliate species: a case study of the family Clevelandellidae (Protista, Ciliophora, Armophorea)
Fig. 12. Paraclevelandia brevis Kidder, 1937. Vietnamese specimens isolated from Panesthia angustipennis cognata Bey-Bienko, 1969 from life (A) and after protargol impregnation (B–N). A. Ventral view of a representative specimen, length 50 μm. B–K. Variability of body shape and size as well as of the nuclear (shaded grey) and oral (shaded yellow) apparatus. L. Semi-schematic diagram, showing the general body organization. M–N. Ciliary pattern of ventral and dorsal sides. Arrow marks the right suture, black arrowheads indicate the position of the ciliary whorl (posterior suture). Scale bars = 20 μm.
Fig. 6 in Morphological versus molecular delimitation of ciliate species: a case study of the family Clevelandellidae (Protista, Ciliophora, Armophorea)
Fig. 6. Clevelandella panesthiae (Kidder, 1937). Thai I specimens isolated from Panesthia angustipennis angustipennis (Illiger, 1801) from life (A) and after protargol impregnation (B–N). A. Ventral view of a representative specimen, length 105 μm. B–K. Variability of body shape and size as well as of the nuclear (shaded grey) and oral (shaded yellow) apparatus. L. Semi-schematic diagram, showing the general body organization. M–N. Ciliary pattern of ventral and dorsal sides. Arrow marks the right suture, black arrowheads denote the position of the ciliary whorl (posterior suture). Scale bars = 50 μm.
Fig. 8 in Morphological versus molecular delimitation of ciliate species: a case study of the family Clevelandellidae (Protista, Ciliophora, Armophorea)
Fig. 8. Clevelandella panesthiae (Kidder, 1937). Vietnamese specimens (A, E–G) isolated from Panesthia angustipennis cognata Bey-Bienko, 1969 and Thai I specimens (B–D) isolated from Panesthia angustipennis angustipennis (Illiger, 1801) from life (A, E–G) and after protargol impregnation (B–D). A–D. Ventral view of specimens with well-preserved body shape. Arrow marks the proximal end of the peristomial opening, black arrowheads denote the proximal end of the adoral zone of membranelles, white arrowheads mark the karyophore fibers attaching to the left and right body margins. E. Ventral view, showing the general body organization. F–G. Ciliary pattern of ventral and dorsal sides. Asterisks mark the position of the ciliary whorl (posterior suture), white double arrowhead denotes the right suture. Scale bars = 50 μm.
Fig. 16 in Morphological versus molecular delimitation of ciliate species: a case study of the family Clevelandellidae (Protista, Ciliophora, Armophorea)
Fig. 16. Ordination analyses of 94 specimens of six clevelandellid morphospecies based on morphometric data (A) and cell shape information (B). A. Multidimensional scaling of the Gower's similarity matrix. B. Principal component analysis of the Fourier coefficients. Eigenvalues of the first two ordination axes are λ1= 0.723 and λ2= 0.135, explaining 85.8% of the total variation. The morphometric and geometrical data delimit the clevelandellid morphospecies consistently and unambiguously, i.e., each clevelandellid morphospecies forms a homogeneous cluster that is well isolated from all other morphospecies analyzed. Members of each morphospecies are highlighted by the same color as in Fig. 15.
Fig. 15 in Morphological versus molecular delimitation of ciliate species: a case study of the family Clevelandellidae (Protista, Ciliophora, Armophorea)
Fig. 15. Cluster analyses of 94 specimens of six clevelandellid morphospecies based on morphometric data (A) and the cell shape information (B). A. Weighted average linkage clustering method in a combination with Gower's similarity index. B. Ward's D2 clustering method in a combination with the Manhattan city block distance. The morphometric and geometrical data delimit the clevelandellid morphospecies consistently and unambiguously, i.e., each clevelandellid morphospecies forms a homogeneous cluster that is well isolated from all other morphospecies analyzed. Since both techniques are phenetic, their results refer only to the similarity of the analyzed morphospecies in phenotypic space and not to their relatedness. Members of each morphospecies are highlighted by the same color.
FIGURE 2 in An annotated and revised checklist of pleurostome ciliates (Protista: Ciliophora: Litostomatea) from Slovakia, Central Europe
FIGURE 2. Schematic diagrams of pleurostome ciliates reported from the territory of Slovakia.
FIGURE 3 in An annotated and revised checklist of pleurostome ciliates (Protista: Ciliophora: Litostomatea) from Slovakia, Central Europe
FIGURE 3. Schematic diagrams of pleurostome ciliates reported from the territory of Slovakia.
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