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Climate is more influential to vegetation green-up than factors that contribute to erosion following high-severity wildfire
<p>Background</p> <p>In the southwestern United States, post-fire vegetation recovery is increasingly variable in forest burned at high-severity. Many factors, including temperature, drought, and erosion, can reduce post-fire vegetation recovery rates. Here, we examined how post-fire precipitation variability, topography, and soils influenced post-fire vegetation recovery in the southwestern United States as measured by greenness. We modeled relationships between post-fire vegetation and these predictors using Random Forest and examined changes in post-fire normalized burn ratio across fires in Arizona and New Mexico. We incorporated growing season climate to determine if year-of-fire effects were persistent during the subsequent five years or if temperature, water deficit, and precipitation in the years following fire were more influential for vegetation greenness.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We found reductions in post-fire greenness in areas burned at high-severity when heavy and intense precipitation fell on more erodible soils immediately post-fire. In <a>highly erodible</a> scenarios, when accounting for growing season climate, coefficient of variation for year-of-fire precipitation, total precipitation, and soil erodibility decreased greenness in the fifth year. While the effects of year-of-fire factors related to erosion were significant, they were small, and the variability explained by growing season vapor pressure deficit and growing season precipitation were significantly greater.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our results suggest that while the factors that contribute to post-fire erosion and its effects on vegetation recovery are important, at a regional scale, the majority of the variability in post-fire greenness in high-severity burned areas in southwestern forests is due to climatic drivers such as growing season precipitation and vapor pressure deficit. Given the scale of area burned at high-severity, the likelihood that high-severity burned area will continue to increase, and the potential for more post-fire erosion that can result in different vegetation trajectories, quantifying how these factors alter the trajectory of greenness and what that means in terms of ecosystem development is central to understanding how different ecosystem types will be distributed across these landscapes with additional climate change.</p>
Segmentation masks of ZooScan images focusing on images with several objects separated by a human operator
<p>All information is available from the original publication page: https://doi.org/10.17882/99663</p>
Role of bark beetle disturbance and fuel types on fire radiative power and burn severity in the Bohemian-Saxon Switzerland - Data and Material.
<p>This data repository includes different datasets for fuel types, burn severity, fire radiative power and burned area, which were analysed and used in our paper on the <strong>Role of bark beetle disturbance and fuel types on fire radiative power and burn severity in the Bohemian-Saxon Switzerland</strong>.</p> <p>Study area: National Park Bohemian and Saxon Switzerland and conservation areas, Germany and Czech Republic.</p> <p>Burn severity:<br>dnbr_fire22.nc – Burn severity data covering the burned area, which has been calculated with the Difference Normalized Burn Index (dNBR) using Sentinel-2 and Landsat 8, 9 images. Remote sensing images were reprojected and resampled to 10 m to ensure harmonization before index calculation.</p> <p>cbi.csv – Burn severity surveyed in the field in autumn 2022 as validation data for the dNBR. Contains: ID, coordinates, CBI, CBI values separated for different strata (A to E) and individual strata variables, forest type and species for intermediate trees (strata D) and tall trees (strata E), and the dNBR value that covered the plot extent.</p> <p>Burned area:<br>burned_area.shp – Burned area was mapped by rangers in the Saxon Switzerland National Park and was taken from the dataset provided by the Copernicus Emergency Management Service (EMS) for the Bohemian Switzerland National Park.</p> <p>FRP:<br>frp.nc - Fire Radiative Power gridded to 300 m and clipped to the burned area. FRP during the main fire spread 24/07/22 - 29/07/22. </p> <p>Fuel:<br>fueltype_bohemiansaxonswitzerland.nc/fueltype_bohemiansaxonswitzerland_postfire.nc – Raster datasets (10m spatial resolution, EPSG:32633) of fuels present in the area before and after the fire. The fuel classification system can be found in the fuel_classification.xlsx.</p> <p>fuel_classification.xlsx – The fuel type classification system for the study area. Fuel type ID's as seen in fueltype_bohemiansaxonswitzerland.nc (pre- and postfire).</p>
Data from: Interannual radial growth response of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) to severe droughts: an analysis along a gradient of soil properties and rooting characteristics
<p>Dataset related to the publication: „Interannual radial growth response of Douglas-fir (<em>Pseudotsuga menziesii</em> (Mirb.) Franco) to severe droughts: an analysis along a gradient of soil properties and rooting characteristics”</p> <p>Information on the data and the tree species_site_key used can be found in the attached Read me file.</p>
Datasets for input and output of INFORM Severity-based SMAA study of resource allocation in humanitarian aid and disaster management under climatic losses and damages
<p>The landscape of climate change and extreme events will remain a wicked problem for equitable and forward-looking resource prioritisation. The question of how to couple climate and multi-risk information remains. IPCC has considered that multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) can help.</p> <p>We use stochastic multi-attribute analysis (SMAA), a variant of MCDA, to compute prioritisations of climatic losses & damages (l&d) for fragile countries with a humanitarian response plan. SMAA is combined with the INFORM Severity index, measuring the status of crises and disasters, and preferences gathered from stakeholders (e.g., United Nations, European Union, World Bank, the research and public sector, civil society).</p> <ul> <li><strong>Dataset S1. </strong>XLS-file with all the input data compiled from sources, concurrent data manipulation, and descriptions of steps taken until ready for the SMAA.</li> <li><strong>Dataset S2.</strong> XLS-file with results of the SMAA for all weight schemes and concurrent analysis, such as sensitivity heat mapping, correlations, regressions, and Tukey mean-difference plot.</li> </ul>
Рис. 3. Фотографии Laternula elliptica, сделанные около cтанции «Прогресс», ВосточнаЯ Антарктида. L. elliptica на морском дне с медкими камнЯми или гравием, глубина 27 м (А); несколько сифональных отверстий L. elliptica над поверхностью мЯгких осадков вокруг голотурии Staurocucumis turqueti, глубина 27 м (В); раковина L. elliptica (длина около 110 мм) на снегу около майны сраЗу после иЗвлечениЯ иЗ воды (С); пустые раковины L. elliptica на морском дне, глубина 56 м (D); раковина L. elliptica (вид с дорсального краЯ) на мЯгких осадках с камнЯми, покрытыми иЗвестковыми водорослЯми, глубина 30 м (Е); пара сифональных отверстий L. elliptica на поверхности мЯгких осадков, глубина 27 м (F). Фотографии О. Савинкина (A, B, D–F) и В. Потина (С). Fig. 3. Photographs of Laternula elliptica taken near «Progress» Research Station (East Antarctica). Softshelled clam L. elliptica on sea bottom with small stowns or gravel, depth 27 m (A); several open siphons of L. elliptica above soft bottom sediments around holothurian Staurocucumis turqueti, depth 27 m (B); a shell of L. elliptica (length about 110 mm) on snow near a dive hole just after dragging out of water (C); empty shells of L. elliptica on seafloor, depth 56 m (D); a shell of Laternula elliptica (dorsal view) on soft deposits among stones, covering by Lithothamnion, depth 30 m (E); pair of siphonal opening of L. elliptica on surface of soft sediments, depth 27 m (F). Photographs are taken by O. Savinkin (A, B, D–F) and V. Potin (C). in Species of warm-water origin Laternula elliptica (King, 1832) (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Laternulidae), a widespread mollusk in recent Antarctica
Рис. 3. Фотографии Laternula elliptica, сделанные около cтанции «Прогресс», ВосточнаЯ Антарктида. L. elliptica на морском дне с медкими камнЯми или гравием, глубина 27 м (А); несколько сифональных отверстий L. elliptica над поверхностью мЯгких осадков вокруг голотурии Staurocucumis turqueti, глубина 27 м (В); раковина L. elliptica (длина около 110 мм) на снегу около майны сраЗу после иЗвлечениЯ иЗ воды (С); пустые раковины L. elliptica на морском дне, глубина 56 м (D); раковина L. elliptica (вид с дорсального краЯ) на мЯгких осадках с камнЯми, покрытыми иЗвестковыми водорослЯми, глубина 30 м (Е); пара сифональных отверстий L. elliptica на поверхности мЯгких осадков, глубина 27 м (F). Фотографии О. Савинкина (A, B, D–F) и В. Потина (С). Fig. 3. Photographs of Laternula elliptica taken near «Progress» Research Station (East Antarctica). Softshelled clam L. elliptica on sea bottom with small stowns or gravel, depth 27 m (A); several open siphons of L. elliptica above soft bottom sediments around holothurian Staurocucumis turqueti, depth 27 m (B); a shell of L. elliptica (length about 110 mm) on snow near a dive hole just after dragging out of water (C); empty shells of L. elliptica on seafloor, depth 56 m (D); a shell of Laternula elliptica (dorsal view) on soft deposits among stones, covering by Lithothamnion, depth 30 m (E); pair of siphonal opening of L. elliptica on surface of soft sediments, depth 27 m (F). Photographs are taken by O. Savinkin (A, B, D–F) and V. Potin (C).
The evolution of antimicrobial peptide resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa is severely constrained by random peptide mixtures
<p><span>The prevalence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens has become a major threat to public health, requiring swift initiatives for discovering new strategies to control bacterial infections. Hence, antibiotic stewardship and rapid diagnostics, but also the development, and prudent use, of novel effective antimicrobial agents are paramount. Ideally, these agents should be less likely to select for resistance in pathogens than currently available conventional antimicrobials. The usage of antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs), key components of the innate immune response, and combination therapies, have been proposed as strategies to diminish the emergence of resistance.</span></p> <p><span>Herein, we investigated whether newly developed random antimicrobial peptide mixtures (RPMs) can significantly reduce the risk of resistance evolution <em>in vitro</em> to that of single sequence AMPs, using the ESKAPE pathogen <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> (<em>P. aeruginosa</em>) as a model Gram-negative bacterium. Infections of this pathogen are difficult to treat due the inherent resistance to many drug classes, enhanced by the capacity to</span><span> form biofilms. </span><em><span>P. aeruginosa</span></em><span> was experimentally evolved in the presence of AMPs or RPMs, subsequentially assessing the extent of resistance evolution and cross-resistance/collateral sensitivity between treatments. Furthermore, the fitness costs of resistance on bacterial growth were studied, and whole-genome sequencing used to investigate which mutations could be candidates for causing resistant phenotypes. Lastly, changes in the pharmacodynamics of the evolved bacterial strains were examined.</span></p> <p><span>Our findings suggest that using RPMs bears a much lower risk of resistance evolution compared to AMPs and mostly prevents cross-resistance development to other treatments, while maintaining (or even improving) drug sensitivity. This strengthens the case for using random cocktails of AMPs in favour of single AMPs, against which resistance evolved <em>in vitro</em>, providing an alternative to classic antibiotics worth pursuing.</span></p>
Fig. 10 in Can artificial retreat sites help frogs recover after severe habitat devastation? Insights on the use of "coqui houses" after Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico
Fig. 10. Comparison of the relative abundance, measured as the number of adult Eleutherodactylus coqui observed per sampling night in the experimental transect where artificial coqui houses were made available, versus the control.
Fig. 6 in Can artificial retreat sites help frogs recover after severe habitat devastation? Insights on the use of "coqui houses" after Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico
Fig. 6. Variation in operative temperatures measured by frog agar models in typical forest microhabitats after Hurricane Maria, showing a significant decrease during the cool-dry season (in blue) during midday (A), and nighttime (B).
Fig. 8 in Can artificial retreat sites help frogs recover after severe habitat devastation? Insights on the use of "coqui houses" after Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico
Fig. 8. Bar graphs showing coqui house occupancy rate by Eleutherodactylus coqui during the length of this study by daytime (A), and by nighttime (B) surveys. The shaded area in (A) denotes sampling in months during the cool-dry season.
Fig. 7 in Can artificial retreat sites help frogs recover after severe habitat devastation? Insights on the use of "coqui houses" after Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico
Fig. 7. Box plots showing variation in forest microhabitat temperature by day (A) and night (B) during the cool-dry season (February) of 2015 (a non-hurricane year), and in 2019, 17 months after Hurricane Maria hit Puerto Rico.
Fig. 5 in Can artificial retreat sites help frogs recover after severe habitat devastation? Insights on the use of "coqui houses" after Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico
Fig. 5. Drastic changes in temperature at the transects in the Palo Colorado forest of El Yunque as a consequence of Hurricane Maria. (A) Ambient temperatures registered by HOBO data logger in the forest understory before, during, and shortly after Hurricane Maria. (B–C) Box plots showing variation in forest microhabitat temperature by day and at night during the month of September in 2015 (a non-hurricane year), and in 2017, the year that Hurricane Maria hit Puerto Rico.
Fig. 2 in Can artificial retreat sites help frogs recover after severe habitat devastation? Insights on the use of "coqui houses" after Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico
Fig. 2. Change in forest structure in the Palo Colorado forest transect (El Yunque) due to Hurricane Maria and corresponding damage/recovery stages according to Table 1. (A) Before the hurricane. (B) Same site after the hurricane, stage 1. (C) Moderate recuperation, stage 3. (D–E) Canopy dominated by Sierra Palm fronds showing signs of further recuperation of original understory vegetation, stage 4.
Fig. 9 in Can artificial retreat sites help frogs recover after severe habitat devastation? Insights on the use of "coqui houses" after Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico
Fig. 9. Different uses ascribed to the two types of artificial habitats (=coqui houses) placed in the forest. (A) Coqui frog using bamboo house as retreat site during the day. (B) Bamboo house used as nesting site with a double clutch. Note that eggs are observed but the guarding male jumped away as the photo was taken. (C) PVC house used by a coqui as a nocturnal perching site. (D) PVC house used by a coqui as a calling site during the night.
Fig. 1 in Can artificial retreat sites help frogs recover after severe habitat devastation? Insights on the use of "coqui houses" after Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico
Fig. 1. Map showing the location of El Yunque National Forest in Puerto Rico, and the location of the study transects.
Figure 3. Pseudorhabdosynochus cephalopholi n in Three new species of Pseudorhabdosynochus (Monogenea, Diplectanidae) from several species of Cephalopholis and Epinephelus (Perciformes, Serranidae) from Thailand
Figure 3. Pseudorhabdosynochus cephalopholi n. sp. from Cephalopholis sonnerati in the lower Gulf of Thailand. (A) Composite drawing (mainly from holotype), dorsal view. (B) Male quadriloculate organ, dorsal view. (C) Sclerotized vagina, dorsal view. (D) Egg. (E) Ventral hamulus. (F) Dorsal hamulus. (G) Dorsal (lateral) bar. (H) Ventral bar. (I) Dorsal squamodisc. (J) Ventral squamodisc. (K) Hooklet. Scale-bars: (A) 100 µm; (B)–(K) 50 µm.
Figure 5. Pseudorhabdosynochus samaesarnensis n in Three new species of Pseudorhabdosynochus (Monogenea, Diplectanidae) from several species of Cephalopholis and Epinephelus (Perciformes, Serranidae) from Thailand
Figure 5. Pseudorhabdosynochus samaesarnensis n. sp. from Epinephelus lanceolatus from Samaesarn Island in the Gulf of Thailand. (A) Composite drawing (mainly from holotype), dorsal view. (B) Male quadriloculate organ, dorsal view. (C) Sclerotized vagina, dorsal view. (D) Ventral hamulus. (E) Dorsal hamulus. (F) Dorsal (lateral) bar. (G) Ventral bar. (H) Dorsal squamodisc. (I) Ventral squamodisc. (J) Hooklet. Scale-bars: (A) 200 µm. (B)–(J): 50 µm.
Figure 1. Pseudorhabdosynochus suratthaniensis n in Three new species of Pseudorhabdosynochus (Monogenea, Diplectanidae) from several species of Cephalopholis and Epinephelus (Perciformes, Serranidae) from Thailand
Figure 1. Pseudorhabdosynochus suratthaniensis n. sp. from Cephalopholis argus in the lower Gulf of Thailand. (A) COMPOSITE drawing (mainly from holotype), dorsal view. (B) Male quadriloculate organ, dorsal view. (C) Sclerotized vagina, dorsal view. (D) Ventral hamulus. (E) Dorsal hamulus. (F) Ventral bar. (G) Dorsal (lateral) bar. (H) Ventral squamodisc. (I) Dorsal squamodisc. (J) Hooklet. Scale-bars: (A) 200 µm; (B)–(J) 50 µm.
Figure 2 in Three new species of Pseudorhabdosynochus (Monogenea, Diplectanidae) from several species of Cephalopholis and Epinephelus (Perciformes, Serranidae) from Thailand
Figure 2. Variations (A)–(F) of the sclerotized vagina of Pseudorhabdosynochus suratthaniensis n. sp. from Cephalopholis argus in the lower Gulf of Thailand. Abbreviations: Tr – trumpet, Ca1 – primary canal, Ch1 – primary chamber, Ca2 – secondary canal. Scale-bar: 50 µm.
Figure 4 in Three new species of Pseudorhabdosynochus (Monogenea, Diplectanidae) from several species of Cephalopholis and Epinephelus (Perciformes, Serranidae) from Thailand
Figure 4. Variations (A)–(I) of the sclerotized vagina of Pseudorhabdosynochus cephalopholi n. sp. from Cephalopholis sonnerati in the lower Gulf of Thailand. Abbreviations: Tr – trumpet, Ca1 – primary canal, Ch1 – primary chamber, Ca2 – secondary canal, Ch2 – secondary chamber, As – accessory structure. Scale-bar: 50 µm.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.