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FIGURE 2 in The Hyalella species flock of Lake Titicaca (Crustacea: Amphipoda): perspectives and drawbacks of DNA-based identiFIcation
FIGURE 2 Hyalella krolli Jaume sp. nov., brooding female. A, left mandible, medial; B, inset of incisor and lacinia of latter; C, right mandible, lateral; D, inset of incisor of latter; E, maxillule; (F) maxilla; G, left maxilliped with armature on medial margin of distal segments omitted, posterior view.
FIGURE 17 in The Hyalella species flock of Lake Titicaca (Crustacea: Amphipoda): perspectives and drawbacks of DNA-based identiFIcation
FIGURE 17 Hyalella hirsuta Jaume sp. nov., A, left male gnathopod II, medial; B, inset of palm margin of latter, medial; C, one of sternal gills on pereionite II; D, brooding female left gnathopod II, medial; E, inset of distal portion of latter, medial. Notice limbs not figured at same scale. Scale bars: 0.4 mm (A, C); 0.2 mm (B, D, E).
FIGURE 16 in The Hyalella species flock of Lake Titicaca (Crustacea: Amphipoda): perspectives and drawbacks of DNA-based identiFIcation
FIGURE 16 Hyalella hirsuta Jaume sp. nov., male. A, distal portion of left mandible; B, inset of incisor of latter; C, inset of lacinia; D, left gnathopod I, medial; E, inset of palm margin of latter, medial; F, inset of dactylus-unguis, medial; G, right uropod II, lateral.
FIGURE 29 in The Hyalella species flock of Lake Titicaca (Crustacea: Amphipoda): perspectives and drawbacks of DNA-based identiFIcation
FIGURE 29 Hyalella nefrens González & Watling, 2003, male. A, left maxillule; B, maxilla; C, inset of one of modified spines on coxal endite of latter; D, left uropod II, posterior. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (D).
FIGURE 28 in The Hyalella species flock of Lake Titicaca (Crustacea: Amphipoda): perspectives and drawbacks of DNA-based identiFIcation
FIGURE 28 Hyalella nefrens González & Watling, 2003, male. A, left mandible; B–D, disarticulated left maxilliped, anterior (= dorsal).
FIGURE 10 in The Hyalella species flock of Lake Titicaca (Crustacea: Amphipoda): perspectives and drawbacks of DNA-based identiFIcation
FIGURE 10 Hyalella gonzalezi Jaume sp. nov. A, male left gnathopod II, medial (armature along palm margin of propodus omitted); B, inset of palm margin of propodus of latter, medial; C, female left gnathopod II, medial (oöstegite and armature along palm margin of propodus both omitted); D, inset of distal portion of propodus+dactylus of latter, medial. Scale bars: 0.4 mm (A, C); 0.2 mm (B, D).
FIGURE 4 in The Hyalella species flock of Lake Titicaca (Crustacea: Amphipoda): perspectives and drawbacks of DNA-based identiFIcation
FIGURE 4 Hyalella krolli Jaume sp. nov. A, brooding female left gnathopod II, medial; B, inset of distal portion of propodus and disarticulated dactylus, medial; C, left uropod II, lateral; D, right uropod III, ventral (= posterior); E, telson, dorsal; F, inset of distal portion of male gnathopod II, medial. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (B, D); 0.2 mm (A, C, E, F).
FIGURE 31 in The Hyalella species flock of Lake Titicaca (Crustacea: Amphipoda): perspectives and drawbacks of DNA-based identiFIcation
FIGURE 31 Hyalella nefrens González & Watling, 2003, male. A, left gnathopod II, medial; B, inset of propodus+dactylus of latter, medial (armature along outer side of palm margin omitted); C, inset of palm margin, medial; D, right uropod I, posterior; E, inset of distal portion of endopod of latter (arrowheads pointing to short spines along distolateral margin of segment, variably expressed in number among specimens). Scale bars: 0.1 mm (E); 0.2 mm (B, C); 0.5 mm (A, D).
FIGURE 14 in The Hyalella species flock of Lake Titicaca (Crustacea: Amphipoda): perspectives and drawbacks of DNA-based identiFIcation
FIGURE 14 Hyalella hirsuta Jaume sp. nov., male. A, right antennule, lateral; B, right antenna, lateral; C, basis and basal endite of maxilliped; D, ischium and ischial endite; E, merus-dactylus. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A, B); 0.1 mm (C-E).
FIGURE 9 in The Hyalella species flock of Lake Titicaca (Crustacea: Amphipoda): perspectives and drawbacks of DNA-based identiFIcation
FIGURE 9 Hyalella gonzalezi Jaume sp. nov., male. A, left gnathopod I, medial; B, inset of palm margin of propodus+dactylus of latter, medial; C, right mandible; D, inset of incisor and lacinia of latter. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A); 0.1 mm (B–D).
FIGURE 20 Hyalella solida Chevreux, 1907, male. A in The Hyalella species flock of Lake Titicaca (Crustacea: Amphipoda): perspectives and drawbacks of DNA-based identiFIcation
FIGURE 20 Hyalella solida Chevreux, 1907, male. A, right antennule, lateral; B, left antenna, lateral; C, right pereiopod III, lateral; D, right pereiopod IV, lateral.
FIGURE 21 Hyalella solida Chevreux, 1907, male. A in The Hyalella species flock of Lake Titicaca (Crustacea: Amphipoda): perspectives and drawbacks of DNA-based identiFIcation
FIGURE 21 Hyalella solida Chevreux, 1907, male. A, left mandible; B, inset of distal portion of right mandible; C, maxillule; D, maxilla.
FIGURE 24 Hyalella solida Chevreux, 1907, male. A–B, right pereiopod V in The Hyalella species flock of Lake Titicaca (Crustacea: Amphipoda): perspectives and drawbacks of DNA-based identiFIcation
FIGURE 24 Hyalella solida Chevreux, 1907, male. A–B, right pereiopod V, lateral (coxal gill omitted); C–D, right pereiopod VI, lateral; E–F, right pereiopod VII, lateral. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, C, E); 0.1 mm (B, D, F).
Figure 1 in A morphology-based identification key to the Cognettia species of the world (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae)
Figure 1. Morphological characters in Cognettia species. (A) C. ozensis, anterior part, lateral view, showing nephridium (ne), and pharyngeal glands with primary pharyngeal glands (ppg), secondary pharyngeal glands (spg) (modified from Torii 2015). (B) C. anomala anterior part, lateral view, showing pharyngeal glands with ventral lobes (vl) (modified from Černosvitov 1928). (C) C. floridae, spermatheca, with ectal swelling (es), and one chamber in the spermathecal ampulla (sa) (modified from Healy 1996). (D) C. glandulosa spermatheca of the standard Cogenttia-type, with an ectal gland (eg) and two chambers in the ampulla (modified from Martinsson et al. 2015a).
Data for: Morphological species delimitation in the Western Pond Turtle (Actinemys): Can machine learning methods aid in cryptic species identification?
<p>As the discovery of cryptic species has increased in frequency, there has been interest in whether geometric morphometric data can detect fine-scale patterns of variation that can be used to morphologically diagnose such species. We used a combination of geometric morphometric data and an ensemble of five supervised machine learning methods to investigate whether plastron shape can differentiate two putative cryptic turtle species, <em>Actinemys marmorata</em> and <em>Actinemys pallida</em>. <em>Actinemys</em> has been the focus of considerable research due to its biogeographic distribution and conservation status. Despite this work, reliable morphological diagnoses for its two species are still lacking. We validated our approach on two datasets, one consisting of eight morphologically disparate emydid species, and the other consisting of two subspecies of <em>Trachemys</em> (<em>T. scripta scripta</em>, <em>T. scripta elegans</em>). The validation tests returned near-perfect classification rates, demonstrating that plastron shape is an effective means for distinguishing taxonomic groups of emydids via machine learning methods. By contrast, the same methods did not return high classification rates for a set of alternative phylogeographic and morphological binning schemes in <em>Actinemys</em>. All classification hypotheses performed poorly relative to the validation datasets and no single hypothesis was unequivocally supported for <em>Actinemys</em>. Two hypotheses had machine learning performance that was marginally better than our remaining hypotheses. In both cases, those hypotheses favored a two-species split between <em>A. marmorata</em> and <em>A. pallida</em> specimens, lending tentative morphological support to the hypothesis of two <em>Actinemys</em> species. However, the machine learning results also underscore that <em>Actinemys</em> as a whole have lower levels of plastral variation than other turtles within Emydidae, but the reason for this morphological conservatism is unclear.</p>
Figure 27 in Objective identification of Lepidocyclina (Foraminifera) species from the Eocene of Cuba based on growth-invariant morphometric characters
Figure 27. Stratigraphical ranges of the lepidocyclinids species at the Cuban sections and their correlation with the American Larger Foraminifera Zones (ABZ) proposed by Mitchel et al. (2022). ABZ zonation scheme calibrated against planktic foraminifera and calcareous nannofossils zonations along with Shallow Benthic Zonation (Mitchell et al., 2022).
Figure 25 in Objective identification of Lepidocyclina (Foraminifera) species from the Eocene of Cuba based on growth-invariant morphometric characters
Figure 25. Lepidocyclina ocalana Cushman. Nepionts of megalospheric individuals. A, CA-216-E3(7a); B, CA-216-E3(7b); C, CA-216-E3(12); D, CA-216-F3(3a); E, CA-216-F3(3b); F, CA-216-F3(3c); G, P-559 (513); H, P-559 (509); I, P-562 (491). Blanco Formation (CA-216); Jicotea Formation (P-559; P-562).
Figure 24. A–D, Lepidocyclina ocalana Cushman. A, B in Objective identification of Lepidocyclina (Foraminifera) species from the Eocene of Cuba based on growth-invariant morphometric characters
Figure 24. A–D, Lepidocyclina ocalana Cushman. A, B, equatorial sections of megalospheric individuals; C, D, axial sections of megalospheric individuals. A, P-562(491); B, P-562(481); C, P-562(499); D, P-562(498). Jicotea Formation (P-562).
Figure 23. A–G in Objective identification of Lepidocyclina (Foraminifera) species from the Eocene of Cuba based on growth-invariant morphometric characters
Figure 23. A–G, Lepidocyclina ocalana Cushman. Nepionts of megalospheric individuals. A, CA-216-E3(7a); B, CA-216-E3(7b); C, CA-216-F3(3b); D, P-559 (513); E, CA-216-F3(3a); F,CA-216-E3(12); G, CA-216-F3(3c). Blanco Formation (CA-216); Jicotea Formation (P-559).
Figure 22. Nepionts. A–G in Objective identification of Lepidocyclina (Foraminifera) species from the Eocene of Cuba based on growth-invariant morphometric characters
Figure 22. Nepionts. A–G, Lepidocyclina macdonaldi Cushman. Equatorial sections of megalospheric individuals. A, 98LC-1(640); B, 98LC-1(642); C, 98LC-1(616); D, 98LC-1(617); E, CA-215 (66); F, CA-215 (74); G, LM-23 (429). H, I, Lepidocyclina ariana Cole & Ponton. Equatorial sections of megalospheric individuals; H, LM-23(431); I, LM-23 (433). Loma Candela Formation (98LC-1), Arroyo Blanco Formation (CA-215) and Hatillo Formation (LM-23).
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
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