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396 results for “Surface water”
Surface Water Loss map and Urbanization map
<p>Surface water are severly affected by human activities, and here we defined two novel datasets, both derived from remote sensing data, to investigate the influence of urban areas on the spatial distribution of surface water loss locations across the watersheds in the United States: the Surface Water Loss map and the Urbanization map.</p> <p>The Surface Water Loss map is a binary map that identifies the geographical location of surface water depletion hotspots. It was obtained from the Surface Water Transitions layer of the Global Surface Water dataset (Pekel et al., 2016). Pixels values in the map are as follows: 0 = No surface water loss, 1 = Surface water loss hotspots.</p> <p>The Urbanization map is a binary map that shows the presence of built-up areas. It was generated from the GHS-BUILT layer from the Global Human Settlement dataset (Corbane et al., 2019). Pixels values in the map are as follows: 0 = No urban area, 1 = Urban area.<br><br><em>References:</em><br>Corbane et al. (2019). Automated global delineation of human settlements from 40 years of Landsat satellite data archives. Big Earth Data 3, 140-169, https://doi.org/10.1080/20964471.2019.1625528</p> <p>Pekel et al. (2016). High-resolution mapping of global surface water and its long-term changes. Nature, 540, 418-422, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature20584</p>
Intraspecific variation in surface water uptake in a perennial desert shrub
<ol> <li class="p1">Despite broad recognition that water is a major limiting factor in arid ecosystems, we lack an empirical understanding of how this resource is shared and distributed among neighboring plants. Intraspecific variability can further contribute to this variation via divergent life-history traits, including root architecture. We investigated these questions in the shrub <i>Artemisia tridentata</i> and hypothesized that the ability to access and utilize surface water varies among subspecies and cytotypes.</li> <li class="p1">We used an isotope tracer to quantify belowground zone of influence in <i>A. tridentata</i>, and tested if spatial neighborhood characteristics can alter plant water uptake. We introduced deuterium-enriched water to the soil in plant interspaces in a common-garden experiment and measured deuterium composition of plant stems. We then applied spatially-explicit models to test for differential water uptake by <i>A. tridentata</i>, including intermingled populations of three subspecies and two ploidy levels. </li> <li class="p1">The results suggest that lateral root functioning <i>in A. tridentata</i> is associated with intraspecific identity and ploidy level. Subspecies adapted to habitats with deep soils generally had a smaller horizontal reach, and polyploid cytotypes were associated with greater water uptake compared to their diploid variants. We also found that plant crown volume was a weak predictor of water uptake, and that neighborhood crowding had no discernable effect on water uptake. </li> <li class="p1">Intraspecific variation in lateral root functioning can lead to differential patterns of resource acquisition, an essential process in arid ecosystems in the contexts of changing climate and seasonal patterns of precipitation. Altogether, we found that lateral root development and activity is more strongly related to genetic variability within <i>A. tridentata</i> than to plant size. Our study highlights how intraspecific variation in life strategies is linked to mechanisms of resource acquisition.</li> </ol>
Synthesis of urea on the surface of interstellar water ice clusters.
<p>The Supporting Material contains the cartesian coordinates of B3LYP-D3(BJ)/ma-def2-TZVP optimized minima and transition state for the reaction studied in the paper, in .xyz format, computed using <a href="https://gaussian.com/">O</a><a href="https://orcaforum.kofo.mpg.de/">RCA</a> code. The folders are relative to:</p> <ul> <li>gas phase reactions;</li> <li>reactions modelled on the 18 water molecules cluster: <ul> <li>closed-shell + closed-shell;</li> <li>closed-shell + radical;</li> <li>radical + radical (2 outcomes);</li> <li>ion-pair formation (2 pathways);</li> </ul> </li> </ul>
Differential utilization of surface and arboreal water bodies by birds and mammals in a seasonally dry Neotropical forest in southern Mexico
<p>Water availability significantly influences bird and mammal ecology in terrestrial ecosystems. However, our understanding of the role of water as a limiting resource for birds and mammals remains partial because most of the studies have focused on surface water bodies of desert and semi-desert ecosystems. This study assessed the use of two types of surface water bodies (waterholes and epikarst rock pools) and one arboreal (water-filled tree holes) by birds and mammals in the seasonally dry tropical forests of the Calakmul Biosphere Reserve in southern Mexico. We deployed camera traps in 23 waterholes, 22 rock pools, and 19 water-filled tree holes in this karstic region to record visits by small, medium, and large-bodied birds and mammals during the dry and rainy seasons. These cameras were set up to record videos documenting when animals were making use of water for drinking, bathing, or both. We compared the species diversity and composition of bird and mammal assemblages using the different types of water bodies by calculating Hill numbers and conducting non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS), indicator species, and contingency table analyses. There was a greater species richness of birds and mammals using surface water bodies than tree holes during both seasons. There were significant differences in species composition among bird assemblages using the different water bodies, but dominant species and diversity remained the same. Terrestrial and larger mammalian species preferentially used surface water bodies whereas arboreal and scansorial small and medium mammals were more common in arboreal water bodies. These findings suggest that differences in water body characteristics might favor segregation in mammal activity. The different water bodies may act as alternative water sources for birds and complementary sources for mammals, potentially favoring species coexistence and increasing community resilience to environmental variation (e.g., fluctuation in water availability). Understanding how differences in water bodies favor species coexistence and community resilience is of great relevance from a basic ecological perspective but is also crucial for anticipating the effects that the increased demand for water by humans and climate change can have on wildlife viability.</p>
The reconstructed surface water area time series (2000-2019) dataset for lakes >1 km2 in China
<p>This repository contains the <strong>revised version</strong> of the supplementary data for the paper: <strong>Reconstruction of long-term high-resolution lake variability: Algorithm improvement and applications in China </strong>(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0034425723003267?via%3Dihub). </p> <p>Specifically, this dataset documents the reconstructed surface water area time series for all studied lakes in China during the period of 2000-2019. In the prior version of the dataset, there was an erroneous assignment of IDs to each lake. This issue has been rectified in the revised version, ensuring that the updated IDs now accurately correspond to the actual GLAKES_ID for each of the GLAKES lake polygons.</p> <p>For more detailed information of the dataset, please refer to the README file.</p>
A Refined Supply-demand Framework to Quantify variability in Ecosystem Services Related to Surface Water in support of Sustainable Development Goals
<p>The file named 'Results' stores the data produced in this study. The file named 'Scripts' stores the python codes used in this study. The file named 'Software' stores the software installation package (Windows 64-bit system). The file named '3basin' stores the shapefile data of Level 3 basin in Xinjiang.</p>
Spring tropical cyclones modulate near-surface isotopic compositions of atmospheric water vapour at Kathmandu, Nepal
<p>All these data have been published in a ACP paper. If you use these data in any conditions, please cite the following publicaiton: Adhikari, N., Gao, J., Zhao, A., Xu, T., Chen, M., Niu, X., and Yao, T.: Spring tropical cyclones modulate near-surface isotopic compositions of atmospheric water vapour at Kathmandu, Nepal, EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2186, 2023.</p>
Water table depth dynamics and surface soil moisture content from three Scottish peatland areas (2021-2022)
<p>This compilation of datasets from three monitoring sites on peatland in Scotland includes water table depth dynamics and surface soil moisture content and covers the period 2021-2022. Further data will be added on an annual basis. This is version 2 of the dataset, which corrects a small number of data QC issues (see README).</p>
Leg length and bristle density both necessary for water surface locomotion are genetically correlated in water striders
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Access to hitherto unexploited ecological opportunities is associated with phenotypic evolution and often results in significant lineage diversification. Yet, our understanding of the mechanisms underlying such adaptive traits remains limited. Water striders have been able to exploit the water-air interface, primarily facilitated by changes in the density of hydrophobic bristles and a significant increase in leg length. These two traits are functionally correlated and are both necessary for generating efficient locomotion on the water surface. Whether bristle density and leg length have any cellular or developmental genetic mechanisms in common is unknown. Here, we combine comparative genomics and transcriptomics with functional RNAi assays to examine the developmental genetic and cellular mechanisms underlying the patterning of the bristles and the legs in <em>Gerris buenoi</em> and <em>Mesovelia mulsanti,</em> two species of water striders. We found that two gene duplication events in the genes <em>beadex </em>and <em>taxi </em>led to a functional expansion of the paralogs to affect bristle density and leg length. We also identified genes for which no function in bristle development has been previously described in other insects. Interestingly, most of these genes play a dual role in regulating bristle development and leg length. In addition, these genes play a role in regulating cell division. This result suggests that cell division may be a common mechanism through which these genes can simultaneously regulate leg length and bristle density. We propose that pleiotropy, by which gene function affects the development of multiple traits, may play a prominent role in facilitating access to unexploited ecological opportunities and species diversification.</span></p> <p> </p>
Spatial heterogeneity effects on land surface modeling of water and energy partitioning
<p>Related code and data used in the manuscript https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2022-4, <Spatial heterogeneity effects on land surface modeling of water and energy partitioning>. The latest source code of ELMv1 is available from https://github.com/E3SM-Project/E3SM (last access: September 2020). If you have any questions, please contact lingchengliwhu@gmail.com</p>
Sequences of Orthorectified Images of the Water Surface of Two Rivers: River Sheaf (Sheffield, UK), and River Calder (Todmorden, UK)
<p>This data set contains sequences of orthorectified images of the free surface of two rivers: </p> <ul> <li>River Sheaf, Sheffield, United Kingdom (Latitude: 53.373056° Longitude: -1.463913° (WGS 84)), recorded between January 2019 and February 2020;</li> <li>River Calder, Todmorden, United Kingdom (Latitude: 53.716198° Longitude: -2.097028°), recorded between 6 and 13 October 2020.</li> </ul> <p>The images are extracted from videos of the water surface also included in the data set. They are complemented by Matlab files containing the corresponding average space-time Fourier spectra. Each measurement is associated with the corresponding measurement of the river depth and estimates of the discharge.</p> <p>Please refer to Documentation.pdf for further details.</p>
Geospatial data used in "Estimation of river water surface elevation using UAV photogrammetry and machine learning"
<p>Geospatial data used in article "Estimation of river water surface elevation using UAV photogrammetry and machine learning" by Radosław Szostak, Marcin Pietroń, Przemysław Wachniew, Mirosław Zimnoch and Paweł Ćwiąkała (AGH UST).</p> <p>Each zip archive contains the following files:</p> <ul> <li>dsm.tif - raster of digital surface model,</li> <li>ortho.tif - raster of orthophoto,</li> <li>gnss_wse.json - geojson multipoint shape containing RTN GNSS measurements of water surface elevation,</li> <li>grid.json - geojson multipolygon shape containing square areas of samples used in deep learning solution.</li> <li>centerline.json - geojson multipoint shape containing values sampled from DSM along centerline,</li> <li>wateredge.json - geojson multipoint shape containing values sampled from DSM along "water-edge".</li> </ul> <p>Data in AMO18.zip archive was collected by Bandini et. al (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3519888).</p> <p>Preprocessed machine learning dataset and source codes are available in github repository at: https://github.com/radekszostak/river-wse-uav-ml</p>
Dataset for the manuscript "Amapari Marker Band Metal-Enrichments: Potential Mechanisms and Implications for Surface and Subsurface Water and Weathering in Gale crater"
<p>The dataset for the main manuscript contains three CSV files: list of long distance remote micro images (LDRMIs), the ChemCam chemical data, and the alpha particle X ray spectrometer (APXS) chemical data. The LDRMI csv lists two sets of data, one for the sol (Mars solar day), sequence identifier, and target name of LDRMIs that target the Amapari Marker Band (AMB). These are represented as green points on manuscript Figure 1. The second list are for LDRMI images that did not specifically target the AMB, but contain the AMB, and these are orange points on manuscript Figure 1. The ChemCam data file has metadata for each observation point in a ChemCam target: file name, spacecraft clock, observation number, stratigraphic member, rock type, target distance, and total of all spectral channels. Chemical information includes: the oxide chemistry (oxide wt%), uncertainty (RMSEP accuracy and shot-to-shot precision), minor element quantification, and minor element uncertainty (ppm), preliminary sulfate composition (without uncertainty and only provided up to sol 3778), peak areas for some elements (Cu, Zn, and Cr). The oxide sum includes all oxides and elements for which we have quantitative data. Spectral unmixing qualitative values are listed for each element. Derived data includes the corrected MgO, Na<sub>2</sub>O, and CaO in both mol and oxide wt% (values before and after correction are provided), and the calculated alteration index. Derived data is only calculated for AMB bedrock targets (does not include veins or mixed vein-rock targets with elevated CaO). The APXS data sheet provides sol, target name, oxide data, and uncertainties for the drill tailings observations, and the derived data for each target.</p>
Collection of chemical occurance data from NORMAN surface water database and other related files
<p>This data set collection includes the downloaded chemical occurrence data from the NORMAN database. It is related with the surface waters. Additionally, this collection also includes the chemical data from the NORMAN database and DSSTox.<br><br>Curated version of this dataset using the newly developed CleanGeoStreamR R package can be found in:<a href="https://zenodo.org/records/13799955"><em> Curated NORMAN Data</em></a>.<br><br>More details about the applied methods and the development of <strong>CleanGeoStreamR</strong> can be found in the following scientific paper: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2025.103038"><em>Automated Curation of Spatial Metadata in Environmental Monitoring Data</em></a> (DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2025.103038).<br><br><br></p>
Monitoring the effect of water erosion on soil surface microtopography using Lidar
<p>This dataset contains three dimensional (3D) reconstructions of laboratory soil surfaces eroding under rainfall simulation experiments. Experiments were conducted using the Walnut Gulch Rainfall Simulator at the USDA-ARS Southwest Watershed Research Center in Tucson, Arizona. A terrestrial laser scanner was used to collect soil surface 3D data.</p>
Water table dynamics and surface soil moisture from an experimental peatland restoration area (Forsinard, Scotland, UK), 2017-2022/2023
<p>This dataset is from an experiment aimed to understand the changes in water level and soil moisture dynamics after rewetting of formerly afforested blanket bog areas. Specifically, it was aiming to test whether the water table and soil moisture dynamics in these areas return to those of control areas that had never been drained or afforested. The data span the period of summer 2017- summer 2022/2023, with gaps in individual time series marked with -9999 entries.</p>
Interacting effects of surface water and temperature on wild and domestic large herbivore aggregations and contact rates
<p>Earth's climate is rapidly changing, bringing forth questions of how domestic and wild animals will alter their behavior in response to increasing temperatures and dryland expansion. Dwindling water availability will likely impact animal behavior and water foraging, potentially increasing animal aggregations and interspecific contacts. These interspecific contacts are especially important for competition, predation, and disease transmission among wildlife and domestic animals.</p> <p>In this study, we analyzed interspecific wildlife and cattle contacts using two years of camera trap data at an experimental water manipulation site at a conservancy in central Kenya.</p> <p>We found that on average, the hourly probability of any interspecific contact was approximately 3.4 times higher at water sources versus drained water sources, and 18 times higher than surrounding matrix areas, and that this relationship was amplified by dry and hot conditions.</p> <p>Species-specific analyses revealed variation in the magnitude of responses across wildlife and domestic cattle, although all animals had approximately 2-3 times higher interspecific contact probability with other species at water in hot conditions versus other conditions. Notably, we observed the largest behavioral changes for relatively water-independent species, such as giraffe, which had 3.6 times higher interspecific contact probability at water sources in hot versus other conditions.</p> <p><em>Synthesis and applications:</em> These findings show how elevated temperatures that will become increasingly common with future climate changes can increase interspecific contacts around critical water resources. In mixed wildlife-livestock systems, maintaining wildlife-only water sources may be a practical management tool to mitigate human-wildlife conflict and disease transmission at this interface, especially during dry and hot conditions.</p>
Survey of NW Wyoming Surface Waters
<p>Ad-hoc stable isotope survey of NW Wyoming surface waters, opportunistic sampling of precipitation at the University of Michigan's Camp Davis Field Station, and a single sample from Montana.</p>
water surface at about 32 m/s wind speed
<p>Filmed at University of Miami's SUSTAIN wind wave tank (http://sustain.rsmas.miami.edu/) with the imaging slope gauge (ISG) developed by the Air-Sea Interaction group of Heidelberg University (http://www.iup.uni-heidelberg.de/institut/forschung/groups/gw). More information about the ISG can be found at https://doi.org/10.2971/jeos.2014.14015.</p> <p>filmed at: 10000fps</p> <p>playback at: 60fps</p> <p>image size: approx, 28cmx24cm</p> <p>top down view</p>
water surface at about 39 m/s wind speed
<p>Filmed at University of Miami's SUSTAIN wind wave tank (http://sustain.rsmas.miami.edu/) with the imaging slope gauge (ISG) developed by the Air-Sea Interaction group of Heidelberg University (http://www.iup.uni-heidelberg.de/institut/forschung/groups/gw). More information about the ISG can be found at https://doi.org/10.2971/jeos.2014.14015.</p> <p>filmed at: 10000fps<br> playback at: 60fps<br> image size: approx, 28cmx24cm</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.