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2,731 results for “barriers”
Data from: The effects of heterospecific mating frequency on the strength of cryptic reproductive barriers
Heterospecific mating frequency is critical to hybrid zone dynamics and can directly impact the strength of reproductive barriers and patterns of introgression. The ef‐ fectiveness of post‐mating prezygotic (PMPZ) reproductive barriers, which include reduced fecundity via heterospecific matings and conspecific sperm precedence, may depend on the number, identity and order of mates. Studies of PMPZ barriers suggest that they may be important in many systems, but whether these barriers are effective at realistic heterospecific mating frequencies has not been tested. Here, we evaluate the strength of cryptic reproductive isolation in two leaf beetles (Chrysochus auratus and C. cobaltinus) in the context of a range of heterospecific mating frequen‐ cies observed in natural populations. We found both species benefited from multiple matings, but the benefits were greater in C. cobaltinus and extended to heterospecific matings. We found that PMPZ barriers greatly limited hybrid production by C. aura- tus females with moderate heterospecific mating frequencies, but that their effec‐ tiveness diminished at higher heterospecific mating frequencies. In contrast, there was no evidence for PMPZ barriers in C. cobaltinus females at any heterospecific mating frequency. We show that integrating realistic estimates of cryptic isolation with information on relative abundance and heterospecific mating frequency in the field substantially improves our understanding of the strong directional bias in F1 production previously documented in the Chrysochus hybrid zone. Our results dem‐ onstrate that heterospecific mating frequency is critical to understanding the impact of cryptic post‐copulatory barriers on hybrid zone structure and dynamics, and that future studies of such barriers should incorporate field‐relevant heterospecific mat‐ ing frequencies.
Data from: Female mate choice is a reproductive isolating barrier in Heliconius butterflies
In sexually reproducing organisms, speciation involves the evolution of reproductive isolating mechanisms that decrease gene flow. Premating reproductive isolation, often the result of mate choice, is a major obstacle to gene flow between species because it acts earlier in the life cycle than other isolating barriers. While female choice is often considered the default mode in animal species, research in the butterfly genus Heliconius, a frequent subject of speciation studies, has focused on male mate choice. We studied mate choice by H. cydno females by pairing them with either conspecific males or males of the closely related species H. pachinus. Significantly more intraspecific trials than interspecific trials resulted in mating. Because male courtship rates did not differ between the species when we excluded males that never courted, we attribute this difference to female choice. Females also performed more acceptance behaviours towards conspecific males. Premating isolation between these two species thus entails both male and female mate choice, and female choice may be an important factor in the origin of Heliconius species.
Data from: Reproductive interference and fecundity affect competitive interactions of sibling species with low mating barriers: experimental and theoretical evidence
When allopatric species with incomplete prezygotic isolation come into secondary contact, the outcome of their interaction is not easily predicted. The parasitoid wasp Encarsia suzannae (iES), infected by Cardinium inducing cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), and its sibling species E. gennaroi (EG), not infected by bacterial endosymbionts, may have diverged because of the complementary action of CI and asymmetric hybrid incompatibilities. Whereas postzygotic isolation is now complete due to sterility of F1 hybrid progeny, prezygotic isolation is still incipient. We set up laboratory population cage experiments to evaluate the outcome of the interaction between ES and EG in two pairwise combinations: iES vs. EG and cured ES (cES, where Cardinium was removed with antibiotics) vs. EG. We also built a theoretical model aimed at exploring the role of life history differences and asymmetric mating on competitive outcomes. In three of four cages in each treatment, ES dominated the interaction. We found evidence for reproductive interference, driven by asymmetric mating preferences, which gave a competitive edge to ES, the species that better discriminated against heterospecifics. However, we did not find the fecundity cost previously shown to be associated with Cardinium infection in iES. The model largely supported the experimental results. The finding of only a slight competitive edge of ES over EG in population cages suggests that in a more heterogeneous environment the species could coexist. This is supported by evidence that the two species coexist in sympatry, where preliminary data suggest reproductive character displacement may have reinforced postzygotic isolation.
Common barriers, but temporal dissonance: genomic tests suggest ecological and paleo-landscape sieves structure a coastal riverine fish community
<p>Assessments of spatial and temporal congruency across taxa from genetic data provide insights into the extent to which similar processes structure communities. However, for coastal regions that are affected continuously by cyclical sea-level changes over the Pleistocene, congruent interspecific response will not only depend upon co-distributions, but also on similar dispersal histories among taxa. Here, we use SNPs to test for concordant genetic structure among four co-distributed taxa of freshwater fishes (Teleostei: Characidae) along the Brazilian Atlantic coastal drainages. Based on population relationships and hierarchical genetic structure analyses, we identify all taxa share the same geographic structure suggesting the fish utilized common passages in the past to move between river basins. In contrast to this strong spatial concordance, model-based estimates of divergence times indicate that despite common routes for dispersal, these passages were traversed by each of the taxa at different times resulting in varying degrees of genetic differentiation across barriers with most divergences dating to the Upper Pleistocene, even when accounting for divergence with gene flow. Interestingly, when this temporal dissonance is viewed through the lens of the species-specific ecologies, it suggests that an ecological sieve influenced whether species dispersed readily, with an ecological generalist showing the highest propensity for historical dispersal among the isolated rivers of the Brazilian coast (i.e., the most recent divergence times and frequent gene flow estimated for barriers). We discuss how our findings, and in particular what the temporal dissonance, despite common geographic passages, suggest about past dispersal structuring coastal communities as a function of ecological and paleo-landscape sieves.</p>
RealityScan beta iPhone test - Graffiti Barrier
Graffiti covered cement Jersey barrier scanned with the iPhone app called RealityScan. This thing is located in DTLA near the river in a huge empty area near the 1st street Viaduct. The lighting was very bad for scanning, sunset, so you see a big shadow. BUT the results are OK, it was about 50 photos, they all upload to the cloud for processing, so I do wonder how much phone data that took, but it works pretty well. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Graffiti on Cement Barrier, Venice Beach, CA
Taken while up in Venice Beach. There's a bunch of these cement barriers with graffiti on them. I used the LiDar mode in Trnio Plus. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Figure 12. - APlacotrochidescylindrica, holotype, Museum of Tropical Queensland G55627, off Queensland BPlacotrochidesfrustum, holotype, USNM 36451, Lesser Antilles; paratype, NMC, Hudson 4B, Lesser Antilles C Placotrochuslaevis, USNM 81994, Great Barrier Reef, Australia D Falcatoflabellumraoulensis, upper image, holotype, Museum of New Zealand, CO 258, Kermadec Ridge; lower images, paratype, USNM 94313, Kermadec Ridge. Scale bars: 1mm (A); 2 mm (B); 10 mm (C), except for basal scar, which is 5 mm; 1 mm (D), except latera view, which is 5 mm.
Figure 12. - APlacotrochidescylindrica, holotype, Museum of Tropical Queensland G55627, off Queensland BPlacotrochidesfrustum, holotype, USNM 36451, Lesser Antilles; paratype, NMC, Hudson 4B, Lesser Antilles C Placotrochuslaevis, USNM 81994, Great Barrier Reef, Australia D Falcatoflabellumraoulensis, upper image, holotype, Museum of New Zealand, CO 258, Kermadec Ridge; lower images, paratype, USNM 94313, Kermadec Ridge. Scale bars: 1mm (A); 2 mm (B); 10 mm (C), except for basal scar, which is 5 mm; 1 mm (D), except latera view, which is 5 mm.
Dataset - Overcoming Barriers for Ubiquitous User-Centric Healthcare Services
<p>Datasets used for experimental results (Figure 5) for different virtualization configurations: (a) Average TCP latency; (b) Average TCP throughput w.r.t. message size; (c) Request service response time for variable number of concurrent connections; (d) Request throughput per second for variable number of concurrent connections.</p> <p>Intel Xeon E5-2650 Haswell 2.60 GHz, 64 GB RAM, bare-metal OS: Centos 7</p> <p>OpenStack, Linux KVM, Ubuntu 16.04, para-virtualized VirtIO drivers (network card, disk)</p> <p>Data format: CSV</p> <p>Source: Experiments</p>
Rapid establishment of species barriers in plants compared to animals
<p><strong>fasta_sequences.zip: </strong>Plant datasets used for demographic inference in the "plants versus animals" comparison.<br>Each archive corresponds to a genus, with the exception of <em>Howea</em> and <em>Linospadix</em>, which are treated as a single dataset.<br>These archives contain at least one "<em>genus</em>_populations.fasta" file corresponding to the individual genotypes used for inferences.<br>Where required, there is also a "<em>genus</em>_reference.fasta" file corresponding to the reference used for read mapping.<br>All references used are coding sequences (CDS).</p> <p><strong>figures.zip: </strong>Figures of the article, produced by the script <em>scripts/figures_plants_animals.R</em> using data from <em>results/</em></p> <p><strong>results.zip:</strong> Include information about the different species pairs in plants and animals, such as the statistics used for demographic inferences, the results of these inferences, geographic distances, and the outcomes of the goodness-of-fit tests.</p> <p><strong>results_selfing_estimates_per_species.zip: </strong>Selfing rate estimates for surveyed plant species.</p> <p><strong>scripts.zip:</strong> R-script used to perform statistical analyses on data from the <em>results.zip</em> file and to generate the main and supplementary figures.</p> <p><strong>QuIBL_DILS.zip:</strong> Scripts, simulated datasets, and figures for the QuIBL and DILS comparison.</p> <p><strong>Auxiliary_Tables.ods: </strong>Auxiliary tables providing supplementary data and results supporting the analyses presented in the manuscript, including demographic inference statistics, selfing rate estimates, and geographic distance measurements</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Topographic barriers drive the pronounced genetic subdivision of a range-limited fossorial rodent - nuclear genomic genotypes
<p>Genotype likelihood (GMR_minind40_mmaf0.05_glf2.beagle.gz) and pseudohaploid calls (GMR_minind40_mmaf0.05_glf2.haplo.gz) used for the nuclear genomic analyses in the manuscript "Topographic barriers drive the pronounced genetic subdivision of a range-limited fossorial rodent".</p><p>The order of the individuals in each file is listed in Names.txt</p><p> </p>
Multivocal Literature Review Protocol - Investigating the Barriers that Women face in Software Development Teams focusing on the context of Proprietary Software Ecosystems
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Mouse gingival single cell transcriptomic atlas identified a novel fibroblast subpopulation activated to guide oral barrier immunity in periodontitis
<p>Periodontitis, one of the most common non-communicable diseases, is characterized by chronic oral inflammation and uncontrolled tooth supporting alveolar bone resorption. Its underlying mechanism to initiate aberrant oral barrier immunity has yet to be delineated. Here, we report a unique fibroblast subpopulation activated to guide oral inflammation (AG fibroblasts) identified in a single-cell RNA sequencing gingival cell atlas constructed from the mouse periodontitis models. AG fibroblasts localized beneath the gingival epithelium and in the cervical periodontal ligament responded to the ligature placement and to the discrete topical application of Toll-like receptor stimulants to mouse maxillary tissue. The upregulated chemokines and ligands of AG fibroblasts linked to the putative receptors of neutrophils in the early stages of periodontitis. In the established chronic inflammation, neutrophils together with AG fibroblasts appeared to induce type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) that were the primary source of interleukin-17 cytokines. The comparative analysis of <em>Rag2-/-</em> and <em>Rag2gc-/-</em> mice suggested that ILC3 contributed to the cervical alveolar bone resorption interfacing the gingival inflammation. We propose that the AG fibroblast–neutrophil–ILC3 axis as a previously unrecognized mechanism which could be involved in the complex interplay between oral barrier immune cells contributing to pathological inflammation in periodontitis.</p>
Flow in fetoplacental-like microvessels in vitro enhances perfusion, barrier function, and matrix stability
<p>Proper placental vascularization is vital for pregnancy outcomes, but assessing it with animal models and human explants has limitations. Here, we present a 3D in vitro model of human placenta terminal villi that includes fetal mesenchyme and vascular endothelium. By co-culturing HUVEC, placental fibroblasts, and pericytes in a macro-fluidic chip with a flow reservoir, we generate fully perfusable fetal microvessels. Pressure-driven flow is crucial for the growth and remodeling of these microvessels, resulting in early formation of interconnected placental-like vascular networks and maintained longevity. Computational fluid dynamics simulations predict shear forces, which increase microtissue stiffness, decrease diffusivity and enhance barrier function as shear stress rises. Mass-spec analysis reveals the deposition of numerous extracellular proteins, with flow notably enhancing the expression of matrix stability regulators, proteins associated with actin dynamics, and cytoskeleton organization. Our model provides a powerful tool for deducing complex in vivo parameters, such as shear stress on developing vascularized placental tissue, and holds promise for unraveling gestational disorders related to the vasculature.</p>
Figure 9 in New Australian Species of Ampeliscidae (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from the Great Barrier Reef and Eastern Australia with a Key to Australian Species
Figure 9. Byblis wadara sp. nov., holotype, female, 5.4 mm, AM P.85990.
Figure 8 in New Australian Species of Ampeliscidae (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from the Great Barrier Reef and Eastern Australia with a Key to Australian Species
Figure 8. Byblis pialba sp. nov., holotype, female, 5.7 mm, AM P.85989.
Figure 5 in New Australian Species of Ampeliscidae (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from the Great Barrier Reef and Eastern Australia with a Key to Australian Species
Figure 5. Ampelisca mingela sp. nov., holotype, female, 9.0 mm, AM P.85992.
Figure 6 in New Australian Species of Ampeliscidae (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from the Great Barrier Reef and Eastern Australia with a Key to Australian Species
Figure 6. Byblis liena sp. nov., holotype, female, AM P.27290.
Figure 7 in New Australian Species of Ampeliscidae (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from the Great Barrier Reef and Eastern Australia with a Key to Australian Species
Figure 7. Byblis pialba sp. nov., holotype, female, 5.7 mm, AM P.85989.
Figure 2 in New Australian Species of Ampeliscidae (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from the Great Barrier Reef and Eastern Australia with a Key to Australian Species
Figure 2. Ampelisca capella sp. nov., holotype, female, 6.5 mm, AM P.85991.
Figure 3 in New Australian Species of Ampeliscidae (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from the Great Barrier Reef and Eastern Australia with a Key to Australian Species
Figure 3. Ampelisca katoomba sp. nov., holotype, female, AM P.85993.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.