Find research datasets worth reusing
Search datasets from major research repositories and use ShareScore to quickly assess how well each record supports discovery, access, and reuse.
9,153
datasets available to search
ShareScore release 0.7.1
Dataset results
9,153 results for “behavior”
Divergence in reproductive behaviors is associated with the evolutionary loss of parental care
<p>The mechanisms underlying the divergence of reproductive strategies between closely-related species are still poorly understood. Additionally, it is unclear which selective factors drive the evolution of reproductive behavioral variation and how these traits coevolve, particularly during early divergence. To address these questions, we quantified behavioral differences in a recently diverged pair of Nova Scotian three-spined stickleback (<em>Gasterosteus aculeatus</em>) populations, which vary in parental care, with one population displaying paternal care and the other lacking this. We compared both populations, and a full reciprocal F1 hybrid cross, across four major reproductive stages: territoriality, nesting, courtship, and parenting. We identified significant divergence in a suite of heritable behaviors. Importantly, F1 hybrids exhibited a mix of behavioral patterns, some of which suggest sex-linkage. This system offers fresh insights into the coevolutionary dynamics of reproductive behaviors during early divergence and offers support for the hypothesis that coevolutionary feedback between sexual selection and parental care can drive rapid evolution of reproductive strategies.</p>
Data from: Mating environments mediate the evolution of behavioral isolation during ecological speciation
<p>The evolution of behavioral isolation is often the first step towards speciation. While past studies show that behavioral isolation will sometimes evolve as a by-product of divergent ecological selection, we lack a more nuanced understanding of factors that may promote or hamper its evolution. The environment in which mating occurs may be important in mediating whether behavioral isolation evolves for two reasons. Ecological speciation could occur as a direct outcome of different sexual interactions being favored in different mating environments. Alternatively, mating environments may vary in the constraint they impose on traits underlying mating interactions, such that populations evolving in a 'constraining' mating environment would be less likely to evolve behavioral isolation than populations evolving in a less constraining mating environment. In the latter, mating environment is not the direct cause of behavioral isolation but rather permits its evolution only if other drivers are present. We test these ideas with a set of 28 experimental fly populations, each of which evolved under one of two mating environments and one of two larval environments. Counter to the prediction of ecological speciation by mating environment, behavioral isolation was not maximal between populations evolved in different mating environments. Nonetheless, mating environment was an important factor as behavioral isolation evolved among populations from one mating environment but not among populations from the other. Though one mating environment was conducive to the evolution of behavioral isolation, it was not sufficient: assortative mating only evolved between populations adapting to different larval environments within that mating environment, indicating a role for ecological speciation. Intriguingly, the mating environment that promoted behavioral isolation is characterized by less sexual conflict compared to the other mating environment. Our results suggest that mating environments plays a key role in mediating ecological speciation via other axes of divergent selection.</p>
Data from: Effects of past mating behavior versus past ejaculation on male mate choice and male attractiveness
<p>Past reproductive effort allows males to assess their ability to acquire mates, but it also consumes resources that can reduce their future competitive ability. Few studies have examined how a male's reproductive history affects his subsequent mate choice; and, to date, no study has determined the relative contribution of past mating behavior and past ejaculate production because these two forms of investment are naturally highly correlated. Here, we disentangled the relative effects of past mating behavior and past ejaculate production in male mosquitofish (<em>Gambusia holbrooki</em>) by experimentally preventing some males from ejaculating when trying to mate. We assessed the effect of mating behavior on mate choice by comparing males that had previously been with or without access to females and male rivals for 16 weeks; and assessed the effect of ejaculation on mate choice by comparing males that either could or could not ejaculate when they had access to females for 16 weeks. We compared (1) time females spent with each male, (2) total distance males swam, (3) total time males spent inspecting females, (4) proportion of time males spent with the solitary females in separate models, with age (week 8, week 16) and treatment of reproductive history ("naive male", "mating only male" and "mating and ejaculation males") as fixed factors. </p> <p>We showed that reproductive history did not affect male attractiveness, but it did affect male mate choice. Somewhat surprisingly, in two-choice trials males from all three treatments preferred females in the vicinity of a rival over solitary females. This preference was marginally stronger for males engaging in previous mating behavior but was unaffected by past ejaculate production. This is the first study to quantify the relative influence of pre- and post-copulatory reproductive investment on male mate choice.</p>
Food and social cues modulate reproductive development but not migratory behavior in a nomadic songbird, the Pine Siskin (Pinus spinus)
<p>Many animals rely on photoperiodic and non-photoperiodic environmental cues to gather information and appropriately time life history stages across the annual cycle, such as reproduction, molt, and migration. Here, we experimentally demonstrate that the reproductive physiology, but not migratory behavior, of captive Pine Siskins responds to both food and social cues during the spring migratory-breeding period. Pine Siskins are a nomadic finch with a highly flexible breeding schedule and, in the spring, free-living Pine Siskins can wander large geographic areas and opportunistically breed. To understand the importance of non-photoperiodic cues to the migratory-breeding transition, we maintained individually housed birds on either a standard or enriched diet in the presence of group-housed heterospecifics or conspecifics experiencing either the standard or enriched diet type. We measured body condition and reproductive development of all Pine Siskins and, among individually housed Pine Siskins, quantified nocturnal migratory restlessness. In group-housed birds, the enriched diet caused increases in body condition and, among females, promoted reproductive development. Among individually housed birds, female reproductive development differed between treatment groups whereas male reproductive development did not. Specifically, individually housed females showed greater reproductive development when presented with conspecifics compared to heterospecifics. The highest rate of female reproductive development, however, was observed amongst individually housed females provided the enriched diet and maintained with group-housed conspecifics on an enriched diet. Changes in nocturnal migratory restlessness did not vary by treatment group or sex. By manipulating both the physical and social environment, this study demonstrates how multiple environmental cues can affect the timing of transitions between life history stages with differential responses between sexes and between migratory and reproductive systems.</p>
Data from: Exponential history integration with diverse temporal scales in retrosplenial cortex supports hyperbolic behavior
<p>Animals rely on their experience to guide their next choice. In foraging-type tasks guided by history-dependent value, these experiences are typically integrated such that the weights of past events initially decay quickly over time but show a longer tail than expected by exponential decay. Rather, such integration is better described by a hyperbolic function. Hyperbolic integration affords sensitivity to both recent environmental dynamics and long-term trends, however the mechanism by which the brain implements this hyperbolic integration is unknown. We trained mice on a history-dependent, value-based decision task and found that the mice indeed showed hyperbolic decay on their weighting of past experience. However, the activity of history-encoding cortical neurons showed weighting with exponential decay. In resolving this apparent mismatch, we observed that cortical neurons encode history information heterogeneously across a wide variety of exponential time-constants, with the retrosplenial cortex (RSC) overrepresenting longer time-constants compared to other areas. A model that combines these diverse timescales of exponential history integration can recreate the heavy-tailed, hyperbolic history integration observed in behavior. In particular, time-constants of RSC neurons best matched the behavior, and optogenetic inactivation of RSC uniquely reduced the use of history information. These results indicate that behavior-relevant history information is maintained in neurons across multiple timescales in parallel, and suggest that the neural population in RSC is a critical reservoir of this information guiding decision-making.</p>
Data from: Offspring behavioral outcomes following maternal allergic asthma in the IL-4-deficient mouse
<p>Background: Maternal allergies and asthma during pregnancy have been associated with increased risk of ASD and ADHD to the child. Previous rodent studies have demonstrated that inducing a T helper-2 (Th2)-mediated allergic response during pregnancy leads to an offspring behavioral phenotype characterized by decreased social interaction and increased stereotypies. Interleukin-4 is a key signal in the Th2 immune cascade, but its role in fetal brain development and subsequent impacts of maternal allergic asthma (MAA) on offspring behavioral deficits have yet to be determined.</p> <p>Objective: In this study, we investigated whether the absence of IL-4 signaling would mitigate MAA-induced behavioral changes.</p> <p>Methods: C57BL/6J and Interleukin-4 knockout (IL-4 KO) mice were sensitized to ovalbumin and exposed to repeated allergic asthma aerosol inductions throughout pregnancy. Offspring were assessed on Juvenile Reciprocal Social Interaction, Elevated Plus Maze, Open Field Exploration, Novel Object Recognition, Forced Swim, Marble-burying, and Grooming tasks.</p> <p>Results: MAA during pregnancy resulted in decreased social interactions in male C57 offspring and impaired memory performance in both male and female C57 mice. These deficits were not observed in IL-4 KO mice exposed to MAA. However, we observed genotype effects in IL-4 KO mice including altered motor performance and anxiety-associated responses.</p> <p>Conclusion: MAA-induced social and cognitive behavioral alterations are IL-4 dependent. IL-4KO offspring display genotype-specific differences suggesting IL-4 signaling is important for typical developmental processes.</p>
Effect of Nd on high temperatures deformation and corrosion behavior of AZE Mg alloy
<p>An extruded AZE Mg alloy (Mg-3Al-1Zn-0.6Nd) has been developed and prepared to examine the effect of the precipitated phase on corrosion and hot deformation behavior. High-temperature compression experiments show that dynamic recrystallization (DRX) occurs at various experimental parameters (473 to 673 K and 1×10<sup>-4</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> to 1×10<sup>-3</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>). The deformation mechanism is dominated by dislocation slip and/or twinning. Al<sub>11</sub>Nd<sub>3</sub> precipitates with two different sizes could impede nucleation and the growth of DRXed grains. Serrated flow occurred owing to the interactions between dislocations and precipitates. The corrosion current density decreases with the addition of Nd elements. Moreover, the continuous precipitation of the Al<sub>11</sub>Nd<sub>3</sub> phase at grain boundaries reduces the corrosion rate in NaCl solution, thereby enhancing the corrosion resistance of AZE alloys.</p>
Figures 1a–1f in Non-aggressive competition between males of Srilankametrus yaleensis (Kovařík et al., 2019) (Scorpionidae), and other types of agonistic behavior observed in scorpions
Figures 1a–1f. Developing from the initial stage to the confronting stage. Figure 1a. Initial stage, showing a defensive posture (left, A1, right, A2). Figure 1b. Initial stage, tentative pinching when mutually touched (left, A1, right, A2). Figure 1c. Initial stage, showing a shielding posture (left, B1, right, B2). Figure 1d. Initial stage, one trying to suppress the other (left, B1, right, B2). Figure 1e. Initial stage, shielding collision (left, B1, right, B2). Figure 1f. Spanning pedipalps, developing into confronting stage (left, A1, right, A2).
Figure 5 in Non-aggressive competition between males of Srilankametrus yaleensis (Kovařík et al., 2019) (Scorpionidae), and other types of agonistic behavior observed in scorpions
Figure 5. Duration of each round and that of arm-span competition occurred in each round (in seconds).
Figures 9a–9f in Non-aggressive competition between males of Srilankametrus yaleensis (Kovařík et al., 2019) (Scorpionidae), and other types of agonistic behavior observed in scorpions
Figures 9a–9f. Examples of physical combat in genus Hottentotta Birula, 1908. Figures 9a–9c. Adult males of H. minusalta Vachon, 1959. Figure 9d. An adult pair of H. jayakari (Pocock, 1895). Figure 9e. An adult pair of H. franzwerneri (Birula, 1914). Figure 9f. An adult pair of H. buchariensis (Birula, 1897).
Figures 10a–10c in Non-aggressive competition between males of Srilankametrus yaleensis (Kovařík et al., 2019) (Scorpionidae), and other types of agonistic behavior observed in scorpions
Figures 10a–10c. Examples of three types of behavior observed among several species of Heterometrinae. Figure 10a. Arm-span competition (Chersonesometrus tristis). Figure 10b. Shielding response (strictly defined as an easily triggered response; Heterometrus species do exhibit similar posture but happens only when their pedipalps are suppressed; Srilankametrus yaleensis). Figure 10c. Aggressive response (here shows a pre-posture before "pinching" or "punching"; Heterometrus spinifer).
Figures 7a–7d in Non-aggressive competition between males of Srilankametrus yaleensis (Kovařík et al., 2019) (Scorpionidae), and other types of agonistic behavior observed in scorpions
Figures 7a–7d. Examples of physical combat in other scorpions. Figure 7a. Adult females of Androctonus gonneti Vachon, 1948 aiming at each other with their metasoma (the accompanied juddering behavior cannot be illustrated by the figure). Figure 7b. A pair of adult A. gonneti, the female is controlling the telson of the male. Figures 7c–7d. Adults of Hottentotta salei (Vachon, 1980) controlling the telson of the opponent: female and male (c), and two males (d).
Figures 3a–3b in Non-aggressive competition between males of Srilankametrus yaleensis (Kovařík et al., 2019) (Scorpionidae), and other types of agonistic behavior observed in scorpions
Figures 3a–3b. Comparison of aggression between arm-span competition and stinging fighting behavior. Figure 3a. No fighting occurred after one was pulled over (left, A1, right, C). Figure 3b. Violent fighting occurred at the initial stage when both individuals were infuriated (left, A1, right, B1).
Figures 8a–8f in Non-aggressive competition between males of Srilankametrus yaleensis (Kovařík et al., 2019) (Scorpionidae), and other types of agonistic behavior observed in scorpions
Figures 8a–8f. Examples of physical combat in other scorpions. Figures 8a–8c. Juveniles of Hadrurus arizonensis Ewing, 1928, performing the typical deterrent posture. Figures 8d–8f. Leiurus spp., performing the intimidation behavior: adult males of Leiurus jordanensis Lourenço et al., 2002 and L. haenggii Lowe et al., 2014 (d), adult males of L. jordanensis and L. quinquestriatus (Ehrenberg, 1828) (e), and an adult pair of L. jordanensis (f; male on the left).
Figures 6a–6d in Non-aggressive competition between males of Srilankametrus yaleensis (Kovařík et al., 2019) (Scorpionidae), and other types of agonistic behavior observed in scorpions
Figures 6a–6d. Examples of similar behavior observed between two adult males in other Heterometrinae species. Figure 6a. Heterometrus minotaurus (above) and Heterometrus thorellii (below) (photo: V. Tang). Figure 6b. Chersonesometrus tristis (photo: V. Tang). Figure 6c. H. thorellii (photo: Gentia). Figure 6d. H. thorellii (below) and Heterometrus longimanus (above) (photo: Gentia).
Figures 2a–2f. Confronting stage. Figure 2a in Non-aggressive competition between males of Srilankametrus yaleensis (Kovařík et al., 2019) (Scorpionidae), and other types of agonistic behavior observed in scorpions
Figures 2a–2f. Confronting stage. Figure 2a. Spreading the pedipalps, lateral view (left, A2, right, A1). Figure 2b. Spreading the pedipalps, posterior view (distal, A1, proximal, C). Figure 2c. Metasoma of the two males entangling with each other (left, C, right, A1). Figure 2d. One being lifted up by the "metasomal hook" (left, C, right, A1). Figure 2e. Lifting, lateral view (left, A1, right, C). Figure 2f. Lifting, posterior view (proximal, A1, distal, C).
Honesty Pledges to reduce Unethical Behavior
<p>Authorities and managers often rely on individuals and businesses' self-reports and employ various forms of honesty declarations to ensure that those individuals and businesses do not over-claim payments, benefits, or other resources. While previous work has found that honesty pledges have the potential to decrease dishonesty, effects have been mixed. We argue that understanding and predicting when honesty pledges are effective has been obstructed due to variations in experimental designs and operationalizations of honesty pledges in previous research. Specifically, we focus on the role of whether and how an ex-ante honesty pledge asks individuals to identify (by ID, name, initials) and how much involvement the pledge requires from the individual (low: just reading vs. high: re-typing the text of the pledge). In four pre-registered online studies (<em>N</em> > 5000), we systematically examine these two dimensions of a pledge to find that involvement is often more effective than identification. In addition, low involvement pledges, without any identification, are mostly ineffective. Finally, we find that the effect of a high (vs. low) involvement pledge is relatively more persistent across tasks. Yet, repeating a low involvement pledge across tasks increases its effectiveness and compensates for the lower persistency across tasks. Taken together, these results contribute both to theory by comparing some of the mechanisms possibly underlying honesty pledges as well as to practice by providing guidance to managers and policymakers on how to effectively design pledges to prevent or reduce dishonesty in self-reports.</p>
Lserena_behavior
<p>Data collected in 2023 in the Adolpho Ducke Forest Reserve, Manaus, Brazil, on the breeding behavior of the species White-fronted manakin (<em>Lepidothrix serena</em>).</p>
Universal behavior of low-temperature heat capacity of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene thermoplastic polymer and its composite with graphene oxide
<p>The low-temperature dependence of the heat capacity of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) polymer and its composite with thermally reduced graphene oxide was studied. The existence of a so-called “boson peak” characteristic of orientational and structural glasses was demonstrated. The boson peak appears in the form of a local maximum in the heat capacity curve displayed as C/T<sup>3</sup> vs T at T<sub>max</sub> = 3.52 K. It was found that for both ABS polymer and its composite, as well as for a number of other substances of a crystalline and amorphous nature, the manifestation of the anomaly of the boson peak in the heat capacity has a universal character that is described by an empirical function Δ*. The value of Δ* depends on the magnitude of the anomaly in the heat capacity and the temperature of the boson peak manifestation. Thus, this study provides new physical information about the possible causes of the boson peak appearance in disordered materials and indicates the universality of boson peak anomaly for substances with short- and long-range order</p>
Figure 6 in Grooming behaviors and fouling of the spider crab Libinia dubia (Decapoda: Epialtidae)
Figure 6. Mean time (s), with standard error bars, spent grooming body regions in 30-min isolation observations (N=142), A. Mean time grooming body regions (H=291, df=14, p<0.001), with x-axis organized by anterior body regions on the left to posterior body regions on the right. Sensory and respiratory structures were designated by gray bars: A1, A2, E, G; decoration body regions were designated by a black bars: R, RG, M, P. White bars are body regions not associated with sensory, respiratory, or decorations. B. Mean time grooming of sensory/respiratory structures (gray bars) compared to body regions where decorations (black bars) are attached (N=598, t=9.48, p<0.001). A1, first antennae; A2, second antennae; ABD, abdomen; AM, all maxillipeds; E, eye; G, gills; M, dorsal mid-carapace; LC, left P1 cheliped; M1, first maxilliped; M2, second maxilliped; 3M, third maxilliped; P, pereiopods 2–5 (walking legs); R, rostrum; RC, right P1 cheliped; RG, lateral ridge. Note: Similar letters indicate no statistical significance (p>0.05) and different letters indicate a statistical significance (p<0.05).
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.