Find research datasets worth reusing
Search datasets from major research repositories and use ShareScore to quickly assess how well each record supports discovery, access, and reuse.
1,213
datasets available to search
ShareScore release 0.9.0
Dataset results
1,213 results for “biodiversity hotspots”
Data from: Borneo and Indochina are major evolutionary hotspots for Southeast Asian biodiversity
Tropical Southeast Asia harbors extraordinary species richness and in its entirety comprises four of the Earth's 34 biodiversity hotspots. Here, we examine the assembly of the Southeast Asian biota through time and space. We conduct meta-analyses of geological, climatic and biological (including 61 phylogenetic) datasets to test which areas have been the sources of long-term biological diversity in SE Asia, particularly in the pre-Miocene, Miocene and Plio-Pleistocene, and whether the respective biota have been dominated by in situ diversification, immigration and/or emigration, or equilibrium dynamics. We identify Borneo and Indochina, in particular, as major 'evolutionary hotspots' for a diverse range of fauna and flora. While most of the region's biodiversity is a result of both the accumulation of immigrants and in situ diversification, within-area diversification and subsequent emigration have been the predominant signals characterizing Indochina and Borneo's biota since at least the early Miocene. In contrast, colonization events are comparatively rare from younger volcanically active emergent islands such as Java, which show increased levels of immigration events. Few dispersal events were observed across the major biogeographic barrier of Wallace's Line. Accelerated efforts to conserve Borneo's flora and fauna in particular, currently housing the highest levels of Southeast Asian plant and mammal species richness, are critically required.
Data from: A review of the lichens of the Dare Regional Biodiversity Hotspot in the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain of North Carolina, eastern North America
The results of a large-scale biodiversity inventory of lichens (including lichenicolous and allied fungi) in the Dare Regional Biodiversity Hotspot (DRBH) are presented. The DRBH is a region within the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain (MACP) of eastern North America that was recently delineated based on its unique and diverse lichen communities relative to other areas of the Atlantic Coast. Drawing on 4,952 newly generated voucher specimens from 49 sites, patterns of biodiversity and biogeography are presented and discussed within the context of both the DRBH and the broader MACP. Relationships between natural communities, vegetation, and lichen communities are discussed, as are threats to the lichen biota. A series of conservation actions are presented together with avenues for future study. In addition, supplementary resources are provided in the form of: (a) a checklist of DRBH lichens, lichenicolous fungi, and allied fungi; (b) keys to DRBH lichens and lichenicolous and allied fungi; and (c) formal descriptions of the following species new to science that were discovered during the inventory: Albemarlea pamlicoensis gen. et. sp. nov., Arthonia agelastica sp. nov. (on Lecanora louisianae B. de Lesd.), Arthonia hodgesii sp. nov. (on Graphis lineola), Arthonia stevensoniana sp. nov. (on Haematomma accolens), Lichenochora haematommatum sp. nov. (on Haematomma persoonii), Megalaria alligatorensis sp. nov., Minutoexcipula miniatoexcipula sp. nov. (on Pertusaria epixantha), Trichosphaerella buckii sp. nov. (on Punctelia rudecta).
Data from: Ecological niche modelling for conservation planning of an endemic snail in the verge of becoming a pest in cardamom plantations in the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot
Conservation managers and policy makers are often confronted with a challenging dilemma of devising suitable strategies to maintain agricultural productivity while conserving endemic species that at the early stages of becoming pests of agricultural crops. Identification of environmental factors conducive to species range expansion for forecasting species distribution patterns will play a central role in devising management strategies to minimize the conflict between the agricultural productivity and biodiversity conservation. Here, we present results of a study that predicts the distribution of Indrella ampulla, a snail endemic to the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot, which is becoming a pest in cardamom (Ellettaria cardamomum) plantations. We determined the distribution patterns and niche overlap between I. ampulla and Ellettaria cardamomum using maximum entropy (MaxEnt) niche modeling techniques under current and future (2020–2080) climatic scenarios. The results showed that climatic (precipitation of coldest quarter and isothermality) and soil (cation exchange capacity of soil [CEC]) parameters are major factors that determine the distribution of I. ampulla in Western Ghats. The model predicted cardamom cultivation areas in southern Western Ghats are highly sensitive to invasion of I. ampulla under both present and future climatic conditions. While the land area in the central Western Ghats is predicted to become unsuitable for I. ampulla and Ellettaria cardamomum in future, we found 71% of the Western Ghats land area is suitable for Ellettaria cardamomum cultivation and 45% suitable for I. ampulla, with an overlap of 35% between two species. The resulting distribution maps are invaluable for policy makers and conservation managers to design and implement management strategies minimizing the conflicts to sustain agricultural productivity while maintaining biodiversity in the region.
Data from: Dispersal to or from an African biodiversity hotspot?
Biodiversity hotspots are centers of endemism and thus contain many range-restricted species. In addition, within these hotspots are often widespread species that might have originated within a hotspot before dispersing to neighboring or distant regions. We test this hypothesis through a phylogeographic analysis of a miniature leaf litter frog, Arthroleptis xenodactyloides, that has a large distribution throughout the Eastern Arc, a biodiversity hotspot, and other regions in East Africa. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian estimates of the mitochondrial gene phylogeny are used as a proxy for understanding the evolutionary history of diversification and the historical relationships between populations. The north-south range of this species extends for approximately 1900 km; our sampling covers approximately 85% of this range. Using phylogenetic comparative methods, we estimate the region of origin and direction of dispersal within A. xenodactyloides. We compare contrasting hypotheses of latitudinal range expansion using bayes factors. The ancestral region of origin of A. xenodactyloides is reconstructed as having occurred within the Eastern Arc before dispersing southwards into the Southern Rift mountains, probably in the Pleistocene. The phylogeographic structure within this leaf litter frog is surprisingly similar to that of forest birds, revealing that similar geographic features might have had a driving role in diversification of these very dissimilar taxa. Latitudinal expansion occurred early in the evolutionary history of A. xenodactyloides and may indicate that physiological adaptation facilitated its wide geographic distribution.
Data from: Effects of fire regime on the population genetics of natural pine stands, in Genetic structure of forest trees in biodiversity hotspots at different spatial scales (Ph.D. thesis).
The recurrence of wildfires is predicted to increase worldwide due to climate change, resulting in severe impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. We used simple sequence repeat (SSR) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers to examine the effects of fire regime on genetic diversity, demographic history and fine-scale spatial genetic structure (SGS) of Pinus pinaster and P. halepensis, two conifers with similar adaptations to fire in the eastern Iberian Peninsula. Stands growing under high (HiFi) or low (LoFi) frequency of crown fires had similar levels of genetic diversity and similar demographic history, with bottlenecks detected in all stands in both species. HiFi populations were not genetically depleted, suggesting that adaptations such as a diverse canopy seed bank due to serotinous cones, an early age of first flowering and high gene flow buffer against possible reductions of genetic diversity. Significantly stronger SGS at SNPs in HiFi than LoFi stands of P. halepensis suggested fire-related altered dispersal possibly combined with microenvironmental selection in this fire-sensitive "seeder" species. In contrast, SGS at SNP markers was unrelated to fire regime in P. pinaster. This could be a consequence of more pronounced fire-resistance in this species enabling some adults to survive fire, hence causing a lower dependence on post-fire regeneration. Our results highlight that the impact of fire differs in species with similar life-history traits. Therefore, species-specific studies are needed to understand the role of wildfires for the evolution of future forests
Data from: Coral reefs as drivers of cladogenesis: expanding coral reefs, cryptic extinction events, and the development of biodiversity hotspots
Diversification rates within four conspicuous coral reef fish families (Labridae, Chaetodontidae, Pomacentridae, Apogonidae) were estimated using Bayesian inference. Lineage through time plots revealed a possible late Eocene/early Oligocene cryptic extinction event coinciding with the collapse of the ancestral Tethyan/Arabian hotspot. Rates of diversification analysis revealed elevated cladogenesis in all families in the Oligocene/Miocene. Throughout the Miocene, lineages with a high percentage of coral reef associated taxa display significantly higher net diversification rates than expected. The development of a complex mosaic of reef habitats in the Indo-Australian Archipelago (IAA) during the Oligocene/Miocene appears to have been a significant driver of cladogenesis. Patterns of diversification suggest that coral reefs acted as a refuge from high extinction, as reef taxa are able to sustain diversification at high extinction rates. The IAA appears to support both cladogenesis and survival in associated lineages, laying the foundation for the Recent IAA marine biodiversity hotspot.
FIGURE 4a in An unexpected hotspot of moth biodiversity in Chilean northern Patagonia (Lepidoptera, Geometridae)
FIGURE 4a. Neighbor joining tree of Geometridae, collected at Huinay station, Chile from 4–14 January 2008; COI 5' barcoding fragment, 658 bp, Kimura 2 Parameter, from BOLD Data Systems (courtesy of Paul Hebert, CCDB Guelph, Canada) (continued).
FIGURE 4c in An unexpected hotspot of moth biodiversity in Chilean northern Patagonia (Lepidoptera, Geometridae)
FIGURE 4c. Neighbor joining tree of Geometridae, collected at Huinay station, Chile from 4–14 January 2008; COI 5' barcoding fragment, 658 bp, Kimura 2 Parameter, from BOLD Data Systems (courtesy of Paul Hebert, CCDB Guelph, Canada).
FIGURE 4b in An unexpected hotspot of moth biodiversity in Chilean northern Patagonia (Lepidoptera, Geometridae)
FIGURE 4b. Neighbor joining tree of Geometridae, collected at Huinay station, Chile from 4–14 January 2008; COI 5' barcoding fragment, 658 bp, Kimura 2 Parameter, from BOLD Data Systems (courtesy of Paul Hebert, CCDB Guelph, Canada) (continued).
FIGURE 7 in Molecular phylogeny and morphological revision of the Ctenotus labillardieri (Reptilia: Squamata: Scincidae) species group and a new species of immediate conservation concern in the southwestern Australian biodiversity hotspot
FIGURE 7. Photograph in life of Ctenotus ora sp. nov. from Pinjarra, Western Australia (WAM R119059).
FIGURE 5 in Molecular phylogeny and morphological revision of the Ctenotus labillardieri (Reptilia: Squamata: Scincidae) species group and a new species of immediate conservation concern in the southwestern Australian biodiversity hotspot
FIGURE 5. Back patterns in the Ctenotus labillardieri species group. A–D illustrate geographic variation in C. labillardieri and E–J show representative back patterns in the other species in the group. The variation shown within C. labillardieri is not confined to the clades illustrated. A) C. labillardieri (R135665; lineage 6), B) C. labillardieri (R117354, lineage 1), C) C. labillardieri (R142908, lineage 2), D) C. labillardieri (166085, lineage 7), E) C. catenifer (R163143), F) C. delli (R13444), G) C. gemmula (R150245), H) C. lancelini (R18874), I) C. youngsoni (R66208), J) C. ora sp. nov. (R131983). Scale bars are all 1cm.
FIGURE 4 in Molecular phylogeny and morphological revision of the Ctenotus labillardieri (Reptilia: Squamata: Scincidae) species group and a new species of immediate conservation concern in the southwestern Australian biodiversity hotspot
FIGURE 4. Summary of results for the principal component analyses (PCAs) of the morphological data. Mean principal component scores and standard deviations are shown with sample sizes noted.
FIGURE 3 in Molecular phylogeny and morphological revision of the Ctenotus labillardieri (Reptilia: Squamata: Scincidae) species group and a new species of immediate conservation concern in the southwestern Australian biodiversity hotspot
FIGURE 3. Phylogram based on analysis of the combined data set. Values on selected branches refer to parsimony bootstrap values above the branch and Bayesian posterior probabilities below.
FIGURE 1 in Molecular phylogeny and morphological revision of the Ctenotus labillardieri (Reptilia: Squamata: Scincidae) species group and a new species of immediate conservation concern in the southwestern Australian biodiversity hotspot
FIGURE 1. Distribution of the seven major C. labillardieri (circle) clades, the C. lancelini (pentagonal) clade and the new taxon, C. ora sp. nov (square). Specimens used in both the genetic and morphological analyses are denoted with a white center, and specimens for which we only had morphological data are solid. The few specimens of C. labillardieri for which we only had tissue samples are denoted with an inner white ring. SCP refers to the Swan Coastal Plain west of the Darling Scarp. Black dotted lines represent boundaries between rainfall zones, as defined by Hopper (1979). Grey dotted line demarks the known range for C. ora sp. nov.
FIGURE 2 in Molecular phylogeny and morphological revision of the Ctenotus labillardieri (Reptilia: Squamata: Scincidae) species group and a new species of immediate conservation concern in the southwestern Australian biodiversity hotspot
FIGURE 2. Individual gene trees for the two genes used in this study. A) Representative parsimony phylogram for the ND2 data set. B) Representative phylogram from the nDNA data set. Values on selected branches refer to parsimony bootstrap values above the branch and Bayesian posterior probabilities below.
FIGURES 41–46 in Three new species of the genus Trachelas (Araneae: Trachelidae) from an oak forest inside the Mesoamerican biodiversity hotspot in Mexico
FIGURES 41–46. Trachelas odoreus sp. n., female. 41 Prosoma, anterior view; 42 Habitus, dorsal view; 43 Epigynum, ventral view; 44 Habitus, lateral view; 45 Epigynum, dorsal view; 46 Habitus, ventral view. Scale bars: 41, 42, 44, 46 = 1.0 mm; 43 = 0.5 mm; 45 = 0.2 mm.
FIGURES 35–40 in Three new species of the genus Trachelas (Araneae: Trachelidae) from an oak forest inside the Mesoamerican biodiversity hotspot in Mexico
FIGURES 35–40. Trachelas odoreus sp. n., male. 35 Prosoma, anterior view; 36 Habitus, dorsal view; 37 Palp, retrolateral view; 38 Habitus, lateral view; 39 Palp, ventral view; 40 Habitus, ventral view. Scale bars: 35 = 0.5 mm; 36, 38, 40 = 1.0 mm; 37, 39 = 0.5 mm.
FIGURES 30–34 in Three new species of the genus Trachelas (Araneae: Trachelidae) from an oak forest inside the Mesoamerican biodiversity hotspot in Mexico
FIGURES 30–34. Trachelas ductonuda sp. n., genitalia. 30 Epigynum, cleared ventral view; 31 Same, dorsal view; 32 Palp, prolateral view; 33 Same, retrolateral view; 34 Same, ventral view. Scale bars: 30, 31 = 0.1 mm; 32–34 = 0.2 mm.
FIGURES 24–29 in Three new species of the genus Trachelas (Araneae: Trachelidae) from an oak forest inside the Mesoamerican biodiversity hotspot in Mexico
FIGURES 24–29. Trachelas ductonuda sp. n., female. 24 Prosoma, anterior view; 25 Habitus, dorsal view; 26 Epigynum, ventral view; 27 Habitus, lateral view; 28 Epigynum, dorsal view; 29 Habitus, ventral view. Scale bars: 24, 26 = 0.5 mm; 25, 27, 29 = 1.0 mm; 28 = 0.2 mm.
FIGURES 18–23 in Three new species of the genus Trachelas (Araneae: Trachelidae) from an oak forest inside the Mesoamerican biodiversity hotspot in Mexico
FIGURES 18–23. Trachelas ductonuda sp. n., male. 18 Prosoma, anterior view; 19 Habitus, dorsal view; 20 Palp, retrolateral view; 21 Habitus, lateral view; 22 Palp, ventral view; 23 Habitus, ventral view. Scale bars: 18, 19, 21, 23 = 1.0 mm; 20, 22 = 0.2 mm.
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.