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FIG. 5 in Systematic Revision of the Neotropical Club-Tailed Scorpions, Physoctonus, Rhopalurus, and Troglorhopalurus, Revalidation of Heteroctenus, and Descriptions of Two New Genera and Three New Species (Buthidae: Rhopalurusinae)

FIG. 5. Map of northern South America, plotting known locality records of Rhopalurus laticauda Thorell, 1876 (squares).

FIG. 22 in Systematic Revision of the Neotropical Club-Tailed Scorpions, Physoctonus, Rhopalurus, and Troglorhopalurus, Revalidation of Heteroctenus, and Descriptions of Two New Genera and Three New Species (Buthidae: Rhopalurusinae)

FIG. 22. Rhopalurusinae Bücherl, 1971, telson, ventral aspect. A. Heteroctenus abudi (Armas and Marcano Fondeur, 1987), comb. nov., ♂ (AMNH). B. Heteroctenus junceus (Herbst, 1800), ♂ (AMNH). C. Ischnotelson guanambiensis (Lenarducci et al., 2005), comb. nov., ♂ (MZSP). D. Jaguajir agamemnon (C.L. Koch, 1839), comb. nov., ♀ (AMNH). E. Jaguajir pintoi (Mello-Leitão, 1932), comb. nov., ♂ (MZSP). F. Jaguajir rochae (Borelli, 1910), comb. nov., ♀ (AMNH). G. Physoctonus debilis (C.L. Koch, 1840), ♀ (AMNH). H. Rhopalurus caribensis Teruel and Roncallo, 2008, ♂ (AMNH). I. Rhopalurus laticauda Thorell, 1876, ♂ (AMNH). J. Rhopalurus ochoai, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (AMNH). K. Troglorhopalurus lacrau (Lourenço and Pinto-da-Rocha, 1997), comb. nov., ♀ (AMNH). L. Troglorhopalurus translucidus Lourenço et al., 2004, ♀ (MZSP). Scale bars = 2 mm.

FIG. 19 in Systematic Revision of the Neotropical Club-Tailed Scorpions, Physoctonus, Rhopalurus, and Troglorhopalurus, Revalidation of Heteroctenus, and Descriptions of Two New Genera and Three New Species (Buthidae: Rhopalurusinae)

FIG. 19. Rhopalurusinae Bücherl, 1971, sternum, pectines and sternite III, ventral aspect. A. Ischnotelson guanambiensis (Lenarducci et al., 2005), comb. nov., ♀ (MZSP). B. Ischnotelson peruassu, sp. nov., paratype ♂ (MZSP). C. Jaguajir agamemnon (C.L. Koch, 1839), comb. nov., ♂ (MZSP). D. Jaguajir pintoi (Mello-Leitão, 1932), comb. nov., ♂ (MZSP). E. Troglorhopalurus translucidus Lourenço et al., 2004, ♀ (MZSP). F. Jaguajir rochae (Borelli, 1910), comb. nov., ♂ (MZSP). Scale bars = 2 mm.

FIG. 2 in Systematic Revision of the Neotropical Club-Tailed Scorpions, Physoctonus, Rhopalurus, and Troglorhopalurus, Revalidation of Heteroctenus, and Descriptions of Two New Genera and Three New Species (Buthidae: Rhopalurusinae)

FIG. 2. Representative habitats of species in the New World buthid scorpion family Rhopalurusinae Bücherl, 1971. A. Isla Mona, Puerto Rico, habitat of Heteroctenus abudi (Armas and Marcano Fondeur, 1987), comb. nov. B. Sierra de Cubitas, Camagüey, Cuba, habitat of Heteroctenus junceus (Herbst, 1800), comb. nov. C. Guanambí, Bahía, Brazil, habitat of Ischnotelson guanambiensis (Lenarducci et al., 2005), comb. nov., and Jaguajir rochae (Borelli, 1910), comb. nov. D. Exu, Pernambuco, Brazil, habitat of J. rochae and Physoctonus debilis (C.L. Koch, 1840). E. Santarém, Pará, Brazil, habitat of Rhopalurus laticauda Thorell, 1876. F. Normandia, Roraima, Brazil, habitat of R. laticauda. G. Lapa do Bode, Itaeté, Bahía, Brazil, habitat of Troglorhopalurus lacrau (Lourenço and Pinto-da-Rocha, 1997), comb. nov. H. Gruta do Lapão, Lençóis, Bahía, Brazil, habitat of Troglorhopalurus translucidus Lourenço et al., 2004.

FIG. 11 in Systematic Revision of the Neotropical Club-Tailed Scorpions, Physoctonus, Rhopalurus, and Troglorhopalurus, Revalidation of Heteroctenus, and Descriptions of Two New Genera and Three New Species (Buthidae: Rhopalurusinae)

FIG. 11. Rhopalurusinae Bücherl, 1971, dextral pecten, ventral aspect (A, C, E, G) and pectinal teeth, dorsal aspect (B, D, F). A. Heteroctenus junceus (Herbst, 1800), ♂ (AMNH). B. Heteroctenus bonettii (Armas, 1999), comb. nov., ♀ (AMNH). C. Rhopalurus laticauda Thorell, 1876, ♂ (MZSP) D. Jaguajir rochae (Borelli, 1910), comb. nov., (AMNH). E. Rhopalurus laticauda Thorell, 1876, ♂ (AMCC [LP 2845]). F. Troglorhopalurus lacrau (Lourenço and Pinto-da-Rocha 1997), comb. nov., ♀ (AMCC [LP 3260]). G. Physoctonus debilis (C.L. Koch, 1840), ♀ (MZSP).

FIG. 25. Heteroctenus Pocock, 1893 in Systematic Revision of the Neotropical Club-Tailed Scorpions, Physoctonus, Rhopalurus, and Troglorhopalurus, Revalidation of Heteroctenus, and Descriptions of Two New Genera and Three New Species (Buthidae: Rhopalurusinae)

FIG. 25. Heteroctenus Pocock, 1893, pedipalp chela, retrolateral aspect. A. H. abudi (Armas and Marcano Fondeur, 1987), comb. nov., ♂ (AMNH). B. H. bonettii (Armas, 1999), comb. nov., ♂ (AMNH). C. H. garridoi (Armas, 1974), comb. nov., ♂ (AMNH). Scale bars = 2 mm.

FIG. 18 in Systematic Revision of the Neotropical Club-Tailed Scorpions, Physoctonus, Rhopalurus, and Troglorhopalurus, Revalidation of Heteroctenus, and Descriptions of Two New Genera and Three New Species (Buthidae: Rhopalurusinae)

FIG. 18. Rhopalurusinae Bücherl, 1971, sternum, pectines and sternite III, ventral aspect. A. Heteroctenus abudi (Armas and Marcano Fondeur, 1987), comb. nov., ♂ (AMNH). B. Heteroctenus bonettii (Armas, 1999), comb. nov., ♂ (AMNH). C. Heteroctenus junceus (Herbst, 1800), comb. nov., ♂ (AMNH). D. Heteroctenus junceus (Herbst, 1800), ♀ (AMNH). E. Heteroctenus princeps (Karsch, 1879), comb. nov., ♂ (AMNH). F. Troglorhopalurus lacrau (Lourenço and Pinto-da-Rocha, 1997), comb. nov., ♀ (MZSP). Scale bars = 2 mm.

FIG. 4 in Systematic Revision of the Neotropical Club-Tailed Scorpions, Physoctonus, Rhopalurus, and Troglorhopalurus, Revalidation of Heteroctenus, and Descriptions of Two New Genera and Three New Species (Buthidae: Rhopalurusinae)

FIG. 4. Map of Hispaniola and neighboring islets, plotting known locality records of three species of Heteroctenus Pocock, 1893: A. H. abudi (Armas and Marcano Fondeur, 1987), comb. nov. (triangles); H. bonettii (Armas, 1999), comb. nov. (circles). B. H. princeps (Karsch, 1879), comb. nov. (squares).

FIG. 15 in Systematic Revision of the Neotropical Club-Tailed Scorpions, Physoctonus, Rhopalurus, and Troglorhopalurus, Revalidation of Heteroctenus, and Descriptions of Two New Genera and Three New Species (Buthidae: Rhopalurusinae)

FIG. 15. Rhopalurusinae Bücherl, 1971, carapace, dorsal aspect. A. Ischnotelson guanambiensis (Lenarducci et al., 2005), comb. nov., ♂ (MZSP). B. Ischnotelson peruassu, sp. nov., paratype ♂ (MZSP). C. Jaguajir agamemnon (C.L. Koch, 1839), comb. nov., ♂ (MZSP). D. Jaguajir pintoi (Mello-Leitão, 1932), comb. nov., ♀ (MZSP). E. Troglorhopalurus translucidus Lourenço et al., 2004, ♀ (MZSP). F. Jaguajir rochae (Borelli, 1910), comb. nov., ♂ (AMNH). Scale bars = 2 mm.

FIG. 16 in Systematic Revision of the Neotropical Club-Tailed Scorpions, Physoctonus, Rhopalurus, and Troglorhopalurus, Revalidation of Heteroctenus, and Descriptions of Two New Genera and Three New Species (Buthidae: Rhopalurusinae)

FIG. 16. Rhopalurusinae Bücherl, 1971, carapace, dorsal aspect. A. Physoctonus debilis (C.L. Koch, 1840), ♀ (MZSP). B. Physoctonus striatus, sp. nov., paratype ♂ (MZSP). C. Rhopalurus caribensis Teruel and Roncallo, 2008, ♂ (AMNH). D. Rhopalurus laticauda Thorell, 1876, ♂ (AMNH), Laguna Canaima, Venezuela. E. Rhopalurus laticauda Thorell, 1876, ♂ (AMNH), Guatire, Venezuela. F. Rhopalurus ochoai, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (AMNH). Scale bars = 1 mm (A, B), 2 mm (C–F).

FIG. 21 in Systematic Revision of the Neotropical Club-Tailed Scorpions, Physoctonus, Rhopalurus, and Troglorhopalurus, Revalidation of Heteroctenus, and Descriptions of Two New Genera and Three New Species (Buthidae: Rhopalurusinae)

FIG. 21. Rhopalurusinae Bücherl, 1971, telson, lateral aspect. A. Heteroctenus abudi (Armas and Marcano Fondeur, 1987), comb. nov., ♂ (AMNH). B. Heteroctenus junceus (Herbst, 1800), ♂ (AMNH). C. Ischnotelson guanambiensis (Lenarducci et al., 2005), comb. nov., ♂ (MZSP). D. Jaguajir agamemnon (C.L. Koch, 1839), comb. nov., ♀ (AMNH). E. Jaguajir pintoi (Mello-Leitão, 1932), comb. nov., ♂ (MZSP). F. Jaguajir rochae (Borelli, 1910), comb. nov., ♀ (AMNH). G. Physoctonus debilis (C.L. Koch, 1840), ♀ (AMNH). H. Rhopalurus caribensis Teruel and Roncallo, 2008, ♂ (AMNH). I. Rhopalurus laticauda Thorell, 1876, ♂ (AMNH), Laguna Canaima, Venezuela. J. Rhopalurus ochoai, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (AMNH). K. Troglorhopalurus lacrau (Lourenço and Pinto-da-Rocha, 1997), comb. nov., ♀ (MZSP). L. Troglorhopalurus translucidus Lourenço et al., 2004, ♀ (MZSP). Scale bars = 2 mm.

FIG. 7 in Systematic Revision of the Neotropical Club-Tailed Scorpions, Physoctonus, Rhopalurus, and Troglorhopalurus, Revalidation of Heteroctenus, and Descriptions of Two New Genera and Three New Species (Buthidae: Rhopalurusinae)

FIG. 7. Map of northeastern South America, plotting known locality records of Jaguajir agamemnon (C.L. Koch, 1839), comb. nov. (squares).

FIG. 8 in Systematic Revision of the Neotropical Club-Tailed Scorpions, Physoctonus, Rhopalurus, and Troglorhopalurus, Revalidation of Heteroctenus, and Descriptions of Two New Genera and Three New Species (Buthidae: Rhopalurusinae)

FIG. 8. Map of northeastern South America, plotting known locality records of Jaguajir rochae (Borelli, 1910), comb. nov. (circles).

FIG. 10 in Systematic Revision of the Neotropical Club-Tailed Scorpions, Physoctonus, Rhopalurus, and Troglorhopalurus, Revalidation of Heteroctenus, and Descriptions of Two New Genera and Three New Species (Buthidae: Rhopalurusinae)

FIG. 10. Rhopalurusinae Bücherl, 1971, sternites III (A–C, E, F), V and VI (D), ventral aspect. A. Ischnotelson guanambiensis (Lenarducci et al., 2005), comb. nov., ♂ (MZSP). B. Jaguajir agamemnon (C.L. Koch, 1839), comb. nov., ♀ (MZSP). C, D. Jaguajir pintoi (Mello-Leitão, 1932), comb. nov., ♂ (MZSP). E. Physoctonus debilis (C.L. Koch, 1840), ♂ (MZSP). F. Troglorhopalurus lacrau (Lourenço and Pinto-da-Rocha, 1997), comb. nov., ♀ (MZSP). Scale bars = 1 mm (A, E, F), 2 mm (B, C, D).

FIGURE 15 in Comparative exploration of antennae in Pseudopontia, and antennal clubs of the tribes Leptideini and Dismorphiini (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)

FIGURE 15. Types of chaetic sensilla in Pseudopontinae and Dismorphiinae. A. sq1 in Pseudopontia paradoxa (x1.8 k) where the sensilas are very long and thin; B. sq1 in Leptidea amurensis amurensis ♂ (x4.5 k), C. sq2 in Moschoneura pinthous patricia ♂ (x2.3 k); D. sq3 found in Enantia jethys ♂ (x3.5 k).

FIGURE 14 in Comparative exploration of antennae in Pseudopontia, and antennal clubs of the tribes Leptideini and Dismorphiini (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)

FIGURE 14. (A–D). Sensilla in Dismorphiinae. A. Coeloconic sensilla type 1 (sc1) in Dismorphia spio ♂ (x9.0 k) surrounded by m2; B. Coeloconic sensilla type 1 (sc1) in Lieinix nemesis athis ♂ (x6.5 k) accompanied by m3; C. Coeloconic sensilla type 2 (sc2) in Leptidea duponcheli ♂ (x8.0 k) associated with m4; D. Basiconic sensilla (sb) in Enantia citrinella ♀ (x6.5 k).

FIGURE 11 in Comparative exploration of antennae in Pseudopontia, and antennal clubs of the tribes Leptideini and Dismorphiini (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)

FIGURE 11. (A–F). Distal antennomeres fused in Dismorphiinae and location of lateral sulci. A. Pseudopontia gola (x450) where there is a ventral unfinished division; B. Enantia citrinella ♂ (x200); it can observed the ventral fusion of three antennomeres and the dorsal division between the last distals (two fused); C. Dismorphia eunoe eunoe ♀ (x350), where there is apparently no fusion of the distal antennomeres; D. Moschoneura pinthous monica ♂ (x300) where the fusion/division is shown in the distal antennomere; E. Patia cordillera cordillera ♀ (x170); F. Dorsal view of the scaleless club of Pseudopieris sp. nov. ♀ (x80) in which it can observed an asymmetric lateral, lateral-dorsal, and dorsal distribution of the lateral sulci.

FIGURE 12 in Comparative exploration of antennae in Pseudopontia, and antennal clubs of the tribes Leptideini and Dismorphiini (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)

FIGURE 12. (A–F). Central sulci and pseudosulci in some species of Dismorphiinae. A. Sulcus in the 2° antennomere in Leptidea gigantea ♂ (x451); B. Sulcus in the 2° antennomere of L. gigantea ♀ (x800) irregular outline and near to pseudosulcus; C. Sulcus 6° antennomere in Enantia jethys ♂ (x850), with two pseudosulci; D. Central sulcus (well-defined boundary) in the 2° antennomere of Pseudopieris nehemia jessica ♂ (x900); E. Sulcus in the 3° antennomere of Moschoneura pinthous ♂ (x550); F. Sulcus in the 5° antennomere Patia c. cordillera ♀ (x550).

FIGURE 9 in Comparative exploration of antennae in Pseudopontia, and antennal clubs of the tribes Leptideini and Dismorphiini (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)

FIGURE 9. (A–D). Mesial scaleless antennomeres I of Pseudopontiinae and Dismorphiinae species (from the scaleless baseline). A. Tenth antennomere in antenna of Pseudopontia paradoxa (x270); B. Fourth antennomere in the antennal club of Leptidea gigantea ♂ (x500); C. Fifth antennomere in L. gigantea ♀ (x375); D. Fifth antennomere of Enantia citrinella ♂ (x370).

FIGURE 8 in Comparative exploration of antennae in Pseudopontia, and antennal clubs of the tribes Leptideini and Dismorphiini (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)

FIGURE 8. (A–D). Antennal club II of Dismorphiinae species. A. Dismorphia theucharila fortunata ♂ (x95); B. Moschoneura ela xanthella ♂ (x75); C. Patia c. cordillera ♂ (x47); D. Patia rethes ♂ (x32).