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opencc-zeroNov 2020View details →

Data from: A predictive model for improving placement of wind turbines to minimise collision risk potential for a large soaring raptor

1. With the rapid growth of wind energy developments worldwide, it is critical that the negative impacts on wildlife are considered and mitigated. This includes minimising the numbers of large soaring raptors which are killed when they collide with wind turbines. 2. To reduce the likelihood of raptor collisions, turbines should be placed at locations which are least used by sensitive species. For resident or breeding species, this is often delineated crudely through the use of circular buffers centred on nest sites, which assume uniform habitat use around a nest site. 3. Using GPS tracking data together with a digital elevation model we build and cross-validate a simple generalizable model, to classify the spatial likelihood of wind turbine collisions for resident adult Verreaux's eagles in any landscape where there are known nests. We apply our methods to operational developments in South Africa to validate the model and demonstrate its ability in predicting actual collision mortalities. 4. Our Collision Risk Potential (CRP) model included the variables distance to nest, distance to conspecific nest, slope, distance to slope and elevation. Using our model, rather than a circular buffer, resulted in ca. 4–5% improvement in eagle protection while excluding development from the same amount (but not shape) of area. For an equal level of eagle protection, our model can make ca. 20–21% more area available for wind energy development compared to a circular buffer. 5. Exploring collisions at operational wind farms in South Africa we show that our CRP model correctly predicted 87% of known collisions, while circular buffers (5.2km radius) only captured 50% of collisions. 6. Synthesis and applications: We show that by using predictive models to account for habitat use, a greater area of land can be made available for wind energy development without increased mortality risk to raptors. Our predictive model can be used to provide robust guidance on wind turbine placement in South Africa in a way which minimizes the conflict between a vulnerable raptor species and the development of renewable energy.

opencc-zeroDec 2020View details →

Data from: Predicting bird-window collisions with weather radar

This is the data archive for all recorded bird species and carcass counts used to predict bird window collisions using weather radar in Stillwater, Oklahoma.

opencc-zeroDec 2017View details →

Data from: Integrating encounter theory with decision analysis to evaluate collision risk and determine optimal protection zones for wildlife

1. Better understanding human-wildlife interactions and their links with management can help improve the design of wildlife protection zones. One important example is the problem of wildlife collisions with vehicles or human-built structures (e.g. power lines, wind farms). In fact, collisions between marine wildlife and watercraft are among the major threats faced by several endangered species of marine mammals. Natural resource managers are therefore interested in finding cost-effective solutions to mitigate these threats. 2. We combined abundance estimators with encounter rate theory to estimate relative lethal collision risk of the Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) from watercraft. We first modeled seasonal abundance of watercraft and manatees using a Bayesian analysis of aerial survey count data. We then modeled relative lethal collision risk in space and across seasons. Finally, we applied decision analysis and Linear Integer Programming to determine the optimal design of speed zones in terms of relative risk to manatees and costs to waterway users. We used a Pareto efficient frontier approach to evaluate the performance of alternative zones, which included additional practical considerations (e.g. spatial aggregation of speed zones) in relation to the optimal zone configurations. 3. Under the various relationships for probability of death given strike speed that we considered, the current speed zones reduced the relative lethal collision risk by an average of 51.5% to 70% compared to the scenario in which all speed regulations were removed (i.e. the no-protection scenario). We identified optimal zones and near-optimal zones with additional management considerations that improved upon the current zones in terms of cost or relative risk. 4. Policy Implications: Our analytical framework combines encounter rate theory and decision analysis to quantify the effectiveness of speed zones protecting manatees while accounting for uncertainty. Our approach can be used to optimize the design of protection zones intended to reduce conflicts between human waterborne activity and marine mammals. This framework could be extended to address many other problems of human-wildlife interactions, such as the optimal placement of wind farms to minimize collisions with wildlife or the optimal allocation of ranger effort to mitigate poaching threats.

opencc-zeroDec 2018View details →

Data from: Empirical determination of severe trauma in seals from collisions with tidal turbine blades

1. Tidal energy converters (turbines) are being developed in many countries as part of attempts to reduce reliance on hydrocarbon fuels. However, the moving blades of tidal turbines pose potential collision risks for marine animals. Accurate assessment of mortality risk as a result of collisions is essential for risk management during planning and consenting processes for marine energy developments. In the absence of information on the physical consequences of such collisions, predicting likely risks relies on theoretical collision risk models. The application of these at a population level usually assumes that all collisions result in mortality. This is unlikely and the approach therefore produces upwardly biased estimates of population consequences. 2. In this study, we estimate the pathological consequences of direct collisions with tidal turbines using seal carcasses and physical models of tidal turbine blades. We quantify severe trauma at a range of impact speeds and to different areas of seal carcasses. A dose-response model was developed with associated uncertainty to determine an impact speed threshold of severe trauma to use in future collision risk models. 3. Results showed that severe trauma was: a. restricted to the thoracic region, with no evidence of injury to the lumbar or cervical spine. b. only observed in collision speeds in excess of 5.6 m.s-1 (95% c.i. 4.4 to 6.6). c. affected by body condition; increasing blubber depth reduced the likelihood of severe trauma 4. Synthesis and applications: This study provides important information for policy makers and regulators looking to predict the potential impacts of tidal turbines on marine mammals. We demonstrate that the probability of severe trauma in seals due to collisions with turbine blades is highly dependent upon collision speed, and that the majority of predicted collisions are unlikely to cause fatal skeletal trauma. We recommend that collision risk models incorporate appropriate mortality assumptions to ensure accurate estimates of the population consequences are produced in risk assessments for tidal turbine deployments.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2017View details →

Video of on-ground experiments: Design and Implementation of Auto Car Driving System With Collision Avoidance

The project presents designing and manufacturing the hardware and software of a low-cost robotic system, which can be installed into any petrol car with an automatic gearbox, giving the ability to a car to be driverless. This video is from several on-ground experiments were performed during the last year.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2024View details →

The protracted role of India-Eurasia collision in the uplift of the Tibetan plateau revealed by Machining Learning

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Supplementary material 3 from: Paquet J-Y, Swinnen K, Derouaux A, Devos K, Verbelen D (2022) Sensitivity mapping informs mitigation of bird mortality by collision with high-voltage power lines. In: Santos S, Grilo C, Shilling F, Bhardwaj M, Papp CR (Eds) Linear Infrastructure Networks with Ecological Solutions. Nature Conservation 47: 215-233. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.47.73710

Table S4

Supplementary material 2 from: Paquet J-Y, Swinnen K, Derouaux A, Devos K, Verbelen D (2022) Sensitivity mapping informs mitigation of bird mortality by collision with high-voltage power lines. In: Santos S, Grilo C, Shilling F, Bhardwaj M, Papp CR (Eds) Linear Infrastructure Networks with Ecological Solutions. Nature Conservation 47: 215-233. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.47.73710

Table S2, S3

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2024View details →

Deciphering Subduction Polarity during Ancient Arc-Continent Collisions

File contains data for all models.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2024View details →

Experimental study of the effect of molecular collision frequency and adsorption capacity on gas seepage flux in coal

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opencc-zeroNov 2021View details →

Data from: Synchronous effects produce cycles in deer populations and deer-vehicle collisions

Population cycles are fundamentally linked with spatial synchrony, the prevailing paradigm being that populations with cyclic dynamics are easily synchronized. That is, population cycles help give rise to spatial synchrony. Here we demonstrate this process can work in reverse, with synchrony causing population cycles. We show that timescale-specific environmental effects, by synchronizing local population dynamics on certain timescales only, cause major population cycles over large areas in white-tailed deer. An important aspect of the new mechanism is specificity of synchronizing effects to certain timescales, which causes local dynamics to sum across space to a substantial cycle on those timescales. We also demonstrate, to our knowledge for the first time, that synchrony can be transmitted not only from environmental drivers to populations (deer), but also from there to human systems (deer-vehicle collisions). Because synchrony of drivers may be altered by climate change, changes to population cycles may arise via our mechanism.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2022View details →

AgRob Collision Avoidance Simulation Trial

Two videos testing<a href="https://gitlab.inesctec.pt/agrob/agrob_pp/-/tree/master/agrob_path_planning/Collision_avoidance"> AgRob Collision Avoidance</a> system on steep slope vineyard. One of the videos does not have the feature activated.

Year-round monitoring at a Pacific coastal campus reveals similar winter and spring collision mortality and high vulnerability of the Varied Thrush

Bird-window collisions are a leading cause of direct anthropogenic avian mortality, yet our state of knowledge regarding this threat relies heavily on eastern North American studies. Seasonal patterns of collision mortality may differ along the Pacific coast, and western North American species remain understudied. We therefore surveyed a stratified random sample of 8 buildings for collisions at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada over 45-day periods during 2 winters, 1 spring, 1 summer and 1 fall season between January 22, 2015 and March 15, 2017. After accounting for the rate of scavenging and efficiency of observers in finding carcasses, we estimated that 360 collision fatalities (95% C.I.: 281 to 486) occurred over 225 days of monitoring. Collision mortality was highest in fall, but in contrast to most published research, collision mortality was intermediate in both winter and spring, and was lowest in summer. In winter 2017, we performed point count surveys to assess whether individual species are disproportionately vulnerable to collisions when accounting for population size, and found that the Varied Thrush (Ixoreus naevius) was 76.9 times more likely to collide with buildings, relative to average species vulnerability in winter. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report the Varied Thrush as a species that is disproportionately vulnerable to collisions. Further studies are needed to assess the vulnerability of Western North American species and subspecies and to determine whether similar patterns of seasonal collision mortality are found elsewhere.

Supplementary material 1 from: Paquet J-Y, Swinnen K, Derouaux A, Devos K, Verbelen D (2022) Sensitivity mapping informs mitigation of bird mortality by collision with high-voltage power lines. In: Santos S, Grilo C, Shilling F, Bhardwaj M, Papp CR (Eds) Linear Infrastructure Networks with Ecological Solutions. Nature Conservation 47: 215-233. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.47.73710

Table S1

Supplementary material 4 from: Paquet J-Y, Swinnen K, Derouaux A, Devos K, Verbelen D (2022) Sensitivity mapping informs mitigation of bird mortality by collision with high-voltage power lines. In: Santos S, Grilo C, Shilling F, Bhardwaj M, Papp CR (Eds) Linear Infrastructure Networks with Ecological Solutions. Nature Conservation 47: 215-233. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.47.73710

Figures S1–S17

opencc-zeroDec 2016View details →

Data from: Microbial expansion-collision dynamics promote cooperation and coexistence on surfaces

Microbes colonizing a surface often experience colony growth dynamics characterized by an initial phase of spatial clonal expansion followed by collision between neighboring colonies to form potentially genetically heterogeneous boundaries. For species with life cycles consisting of repeated surface colonization and dispersal, these spatially-explicit "expansion-collision dynamics" generate periodic transitions between two distinct selective regimes, "expansion competition" and "boundary competition", each one favoring a different growth strategy. We hypothesized that this dynamic could promote stable coexistence of expansion- and boundary-competition specialists by generating time-varying, negative frequency-dependent selection that insulates both types from extinction. We tested this experimentally in budding yeast by competing an exo-enzyme secreting "cooperator" strain (expansion-competition specialists) against non-secreting "defectors" (boundary-competition specialists). As predicted, we observed cooperator-defector coexistence or cooperator dominance with expansion-collision dynamics, but only defector dominance otherwise. Also as predicted, the steady-state frequency of cooperators was determined by colonization density (the average initial cell-cell distance) and cost of cooperation. Lattice-based spatial simulations give good qualitative agreement with experiments, supporting our hypothesis that expansion-collision dynamics with costly public goods production is sufficient to generate stable cooperator-defector coexistence. This mechanism may be important for maintaining public-goods cooperation-and-conflict in microbial pioneer species living on surfaces.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2021View details →

Dataset in "Continent-continent Collision between the South and North China Plates Revealed by Seismic Refraction and Reflection at the Southern Segment of the Tanlu Fault Zone""

This dataset contains:     Field-data FWI Results     Deep Seismic Profiling Result     Post-stack Depth Migration     Source Signature     Misfit Reduction Descriptions:     1. the unit of distance or depth is meter;     2. the unit of time is ms;     3. all the *.dat files are saved as plain text files;     4. all the *.m files are the Matlab scripts for loading and plotting the data.