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Walker et al - Prolactin and the shared regulation of parental care and cooperative helping behaviour in white-browed sparrow weaver societies - Data Set
<p>This file provides the data set supporting the analyses presented in a Walker et al manuscript titled "Prolactin and the shared regulation of parental care and cooperative helping behaviour in white-browed sparrow weaver societies" at first submission for review.</p>
Intergroup cooperation in the lab: asymmetric power relations and redistributive policies
<p>Dataset and analysis script to recreate the figures and tables for the paper.</p>
Delwiche and Cooper, 2015
Charles Francis Delwiche, Endymion Dante Cooper. 2015. The Evolutionary Origin of a Terrestrial Flora. Current Biology, 25(19):R899-R910. ISSN 0960-9822. <p></p>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2015.08.029<p></p>
Questionnaire responses on participation in an energy cooperative (france, 2018)
<ul> <li>Dataset of a survey conducted in an energy cooperative</li> <li>395 responses (biased toward active participants)</li> <li>Data on : <ul> <li>Socio-demographic</li> <li>Motivation to become member</li> <li>Participation in governance</li> <li>Volunteer participation</li> <li>Investment participation</li> <li>Satisfaction with the governance</li> <li>Satisfaction with information provided by the cooperative</li> <li>Perceived control over governance</li> <li>Trust in the cooperative</li> <li>Ecological orientation</li> <li>Perceived skills</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul> <li>Données issues d'une enquête menée dans une coopérative d'énergie (SCIC)</li> <li>395 réponses (surreprésentation des participants actifs)</li> <li>Données sur : </li> <ul> <li>Socio-démographie</li> <li>Motivation à devenir membre</li> <li>Participation à la gouvernance</li> <li>Participation bénévole</li> <li>Investissement</li> <li>Satisfaction à l'égard de la gouvernance</li> <li>Satisfaction à l'égard des informations fournies par la coopérative</li> <li>Contrôle perçu sur la gouvernance</li> <li>Confiance dans la coopérative</li> <li>Orientation écologique</li> <li>Compétences perçues</li> </ul> </ul>
Experimental vacancies do not induce settlement despite habitat saturation in a cooperative breeder
<p><span>The paradox of cooperative breeding whereby individuals assist others instead of reproducing independently is generally explained through ecological constraints, but experimental evidence is scant. Here we performed the crucial test of the role of habitat saturation through experimental creation of vacancies and find that despite abundant presence of potential mates, subordinates are reluctant to disperse into suitable vacant habitat where conspecifics are absent. We argue that sudden disappearance of multiple group members might indicate a heightened risk of predation. Thereby the results of this study are consistent with the 'perceptual trap' hypothesis: the avoidance of habitats because cues do not accurately reflect their quality. Interestingly, this hypothesis can also explain previous findings, which were widely interpreted as evidence for ecological constraints as a driver of cooperative breeding. Our results can have considerable implications for conservation as it means that opportunities for colonization might go unexploited.</span></p>
Multilayer social networks reveal the social complexity of a cooperatively breeding bird
<p>Focal observations of Arabian babblers (<em>Argya squamiceps</em>). The folder contains adjacency matrices of nine social groups observed between 2017 and 2020. Some of the groups were observed multiple times, the complete list of group rounds is also provided. We recorded six different interaction types, hence the folder contains a total of 114 adjacency matrices.</p>
Worker Cooperatives' Potential for Migrant Women's Self-Empowerment. Insights from a Case Study in New York City
<p>Many migrant women in New York City face structural discrimination and administrative hurdles that complicate their access to safe and well-paid labor. Worker cooperatives have been shown to reduce the precarity and economic exclusion of marginalized groups. However, although much is known about worker cooperatives’ economic potential for improving workers’ lives, other social effects remain far less well explored. The present research contributes to exploring this gap by examining how joining a worker cooperative empowers migrant women in their everyday lives. We apply the concept of self-empowerment to several spheres of the everyday lives of migrant women. At an empirical level, the study focuses on migrant women who are members of nine cleaning- or care-worker cooperatives in New York City. The data were gathered using a participatory research approach and consist of interviews, participant observations, and a quantitative survey. The findings are that worker cooperatives have empowering effects on migrant women beyond the sphere of paid work. Although the additional unpaid workload as co-owners of cooperatives represents an extra burden for many migrant women, they now have better wages, more flexibility, and safer workplaces. Furthermore, they acquire a range of leadership skills, enlarge their social network beyond their ethnic communities, and earn increased esteem as co-owners of businesses. Through worker-ownership, migrant women thus increase their economic, cultural, social, and symbolic capital, which enables them to exercise more agency not only in their paid work but also in their families and leisure time.</p>
Cooperative communication with humans evolved to emerge early in domestic dogs
<p><span>While we know that dogs evolved from wolves, it remains unclear how domestication affected dog cognition. One hypothesis suggests dog domestication altered social maturation by a process of selecting for an attraction to humans. Under this account, dogs became more flexible in using inherited skills to cooperatively-communicate with a new social partner that was previously feared and expressed these unusual social skills early in development. Here we tested dog (N=44) and wolf (N=37) puppies, 5-18 weeks old, on a battery of temperament and cognition tasks. We found that dog puppies were more attracted to humans, read human gestures more skillfully, and made more eye contact with humans than wolf puppies. The two species were similarly attracted to objects and performed similarly on nonsocial measures of memory and inhibitory control. These results are consistent with the idea that domestication enhanced the cooperative-communicative abilities of dogs as selection for attraction to humans altered social maturation. </span></p>
Data from: Secure and secret cooperation in robot swarms
<p>The importance of swarm robotics systems in both academic research and real-world applications is steadily increasing. However, to reach widespread adoption, new models that ensure the secure cooperation of large groups of robots need to be developed. This work introduces a method to encapsulate cooperative robotic missions in an authenticated data structure known as Merkle tree. With this method, operators can provide the "blueprint" of the swarm's mission without disclosing its raw data. In other words, data verification can be separated from data itself. We propose a system where robots in a swarm, to cooperate towards mission completion, have to "prove'' their integrity to their peers by exchanging cryptographic proofs. We show the implications of this approach for two different swarm robotics missions: foraging and maze formation. In both missions, swarm robots were able to cooperate and carry out sequential tasks without having explicit knowledge about the mission's high-level objectives. The results presented in this work demonstrate the feasibility of using Merkle trees as a cooperation mechanism for swarm robotics systems in both simulation and real-robot experiments, which has implications for future decentralized robotics applications where security plays a crucial role. This dataset includes all experimental data generated for this paper. </p>
Randomized Cooperative Overtake Maneuvers for Use in Machine Learning Algorithms
<p>Randomized cooperative overtake maneuvers involving one host vehicle and up to three remote vehicles. Maneuver containers are defined as specified in Häfner et al., (2020) "CVIP: A Protocol for Complex Interactions Among Connected Vehicles."</p> <p>If for a maneuver container "rel-target-lane" is given, then the maneuver type is a lane change left/right.</p> <p>If, instead, "rel-target-speed" is given, then the maneuver type is "change speed".</p> <p>Within the raw data, the "validate_stats" files contain validation data as specified in the accompanying conference paper.</p>
No evidence for conspecific recruitment for cooperative hunting in lionfish Pterois miles
Lionfish are common piscivores in the Indo-Pacific and invasive in the Caribbean. A fin flaring pattern, involving a rapid undulation of the caudal fin and sequential turning of both pectoral fins, was described in zebra lionfish as a signal to initiate cooperative hunting, and it was hypothesized that such hunting tactics may also exist in other lionfish species and contribute to their successful invasion in the Caribbean. Here, we investigated one of those invasive species, <i>Pterois miles</i>, in its natural range in the Red Sea. We did not observe evidence for cooperative hunting in the field. We complemented field observations with a laboratory experiment aimed at inducing subjects to recruit partners for cooperative hunts, exposing subjects to inaccessible prey in a transparent housing as well as to a potential partner. We regularly observed the fin flaring pattern, but importantly it was not directed at the partner. Thus, rather than being a signal, the fin flaring movement pattern seems to be a swimming mode in a confined environment. Furthermore, the two lionfish did not aggregate at the prey housing, reinforcing the field results that this species in the Red sea does not depend on cooperation to hunt fish.
Data from: Does tolerance allow bonobos to outperform chimpanzees on a cooperative task? A conceptual replication of Hare et al., 2007
<p><span>Across various taxa, social tolerance is thought to facilitate cooperation, and many species are treated as having species-specific patterns of social tolerance. Yet studies that assess wild and captive bonobos and chimpanzees result in contrasting findings. By replicating a cornerstone experimental study on tolerance and cooperation in bonobos and chimpanzees (Hare et al., 2007</span><span> <em>Cur. Biol</em>. </span><span>17</span><span>, 619–623</span><span>), we aim to understand whether current discrepant findings may result from noise, methodological differences, or behavioural variability. We tested bonobos and chimpanzees housed at the same facility in a co-feeding and cooperation task. Food was placed on dishes located on both ends or in the middle of a platform. In the co-feeding task, the tray was simply made available to the ape duos, whereas in the cooperation task the apes had to simultaneously pull at both ends of a rope attached to the platform to retrieve the food. In contrast to the published findings, b</span><span>onobos and chimpanzees co-fed to a similar degree, indicating a similar level of tolerance. However, bonobos cooperated more than chimpanzees when the food was monopolizable, which replicates the original study. Our findings call into question the interpretation that at the species level bonobos cooperate to a higher degree because they are inherently more tolerant.</span></p>
NL, Advanced Driving, Cooperative Collision Avoidance
<p>Use Case Category: <strong>Advanced Driving</strong><br> User Story: <strong>Cooperative Collision Avoidance</strong><br> Location: Dutch (NL) trial site</p> <p>According to 3GPP TS 22.186 R16, Advanced Driving “enables semi-automated or fully-automated driving. Longer inter-vehicle distance is assumed. Each vehicle and/or Road Side Unit (RSU) shares data obtained from its local sensors with vehicles in proximity, thus allowing vehicles to coordinate their trajectories or manoeuvres. In addition, each vehicle shares its driving intention with vehicles in proximity. The benefits of this use case group are safer traveling, collision avoidance, and improved traffic efficiency”.</p> <p>User Story: Cooperative Collision Avoidance</p> <p>This 5G-MOBIX Service will take place at an Intelligent Intersection of the A270 Motorway - N270 Highway between Eindhoven and Helmond (NL). This site has been used for several tests and trials on Automated Driving and/or C-ITC. In 5G-Mobix the current facilities to support CCAM will be upgraded to work on a 5G mobile connectivity platform.</p> <p>Cooperative Collision Avoidance (CoCA) targets to solve a challenging traffic situation on the motorway/highway environment. The Vehicle A (‘ego vehicle’, a foreign registered vehicle driving on the Dutch motorway/highway network) will make itself ‘visible’ and known to other traffic participants and to the infrastructure for Edge Computing through C-ITS messaging via 5G networks, and Cellular V2X (C-V2X) communication i.e. either LTE-based or 5G NR-based V2X. The Vehicle B (‘alter vehicle’, a Dutch registered vehicle) will submit similar information of its presence, speed and direction of movement to ‘ego vehicle’ and infrastructure as described above. Hence the ‘Edge Cloud’ infrastructure facilities can perform calculations and offload from the vehicles to the infrastructure and then return the suggested manoeuvring messages.</p> <p>At the intersection of A270-N270 roads, the most critical path for cooperative automated driving is the left turn over the direct traffic flow that has a right-of-way for driving in highly automated mode through the intersection. The ego vehicle that is approaching the intersection must be able to clear itself safely across the motorway/highway lanes to join the main traffic flow. When deemed necessary, the ego vehicle need to safely stop autonomously before crossing the motorway/highway and start driving only when its calculated trajectory path is safe and clear for autonomous manoeuvring. For this purpose, the ego vehicle must be able to utilise both its own trajectory and timing data and information from the road side sensors as well as the alter vehicle’s precise location, intended direction and speed to avoid collision.</p> <p>The target in 5G-Mobix is time-critical message exchange between CAVs using 5G technologies. These technologies include:</p> <p>· C-V2X based on LTE or 5G NR for direct communication between vehicles and 5G networks<br> · 5G NR enabled base stations (gNB)<br> · 5G core technologies like Edge Computing (‘Edge Cloud ‘) and Slicing<br> · Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communication (uRLLC) to support time-critical communication.</p> <p>Currently the CAVs are capable to support direct communication between vehicles via ITS-G5 based solutions and/or 4G network-based communication for C-ITS message exchange. The ultimate solution is to use hybrid in-vehicle communication units that can communicate both directly between vehicles and over the network using 5G NR-V2X.</p>
New global dataset on historical water-related conflict and cooperation events
<p>The water-related conflict and cooperation events database was created as a part of a larger project: "The missing link: how does the climate affect human conflicts and collaborations through water?" where the goal is to increase understanding of how people and the climate affect water flows and how, in turn, these changes affect cooperation and conflicts over water. Formas, project 2017-00,608 support this project.</p> <p>The database includes a collection of cooperation and conflict events between 1951 and 2019. The Transboundary Freshwater Dispute Database (2010) and WCC (Pacific Institute, Oakland, CA, 2022) were used as data on water-related acts of cooperation and conflict over time. As TFDD cooperation data ends in 2008, cooperation events were extended following a similar methodology as was used in the creation of TFDD. Further, geographic locations and regional classifications were added to all events, which can be used to create visualizations and extract subsets of the database for different parts of the world. The database methodology flow chart included in the files gives a brief overview of steps taken to prepare and process the data into the database.</p> <p>The openly available scientific article in Science of the Total Environment (STOTEN) highlight findings using this dataset and gives further explanations relating to the database. The article can be found here: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161555">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161555</a>.</p>
Data from: Anthropogenic noise impairs cooperation in bottlenose dolphins
<p><span>Understanding the impact of human disturbance on wildlife populations is of societal importance</span><span>, with anthropogenic noise known to impact a range of taxa, including mammals,</span><span> birds</span><span>, fish</span><span>, and invertebrates</span><span>.</span><span> While animals are known to use acoustic and other behavioural mechanisms to compensate for increasing noise at the individual level, our understanding of how noise impacts social animals working together remains limited. Here, we investigated the effect of noise on coordination between two bottlenose dolphins performing a cooperative task. We previously demonstrated that the dolphin dyad can use whistles to coordinate their behaviour, working together with extreme precision</span><span>. By equipping each dolphin with a sound-and-movement recording tag (DTAG-3</span><span>) and exposing them to increasing levels of anthropogenic noise, we show that both dolphins nearly doubled their whistle durations and increased whistle amplitude in response to increasing noise. While these acoustic compensatory mechanisms are the same as those frequently used by wild cetaceans</span><span>, they were insufficient to overcome the effect of noise on behavioural coordination. Indeed, cooperative task success decreased in the presence of noise, dropping from 85% during ambient noise control trials to 62.5% during the highest noise exposure. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate in any non-human species that noise impairs communication between conspecifics performing a cooperative task. Cooperation facilitates vital functions across many taxa and our findings highlight the need to account for the impact of disturbance on functionally important group tasks in wild animal populations.</span></p>
Dogs take into account the actions of a human partner in a cooperative task
<p>Humans stand out for their capacity to flexibly cooperate, possibly because they understand their partners' role. Researchers have explored if such understanding is unique to humans by assessing whether non-human species wait to manipulate a cooperative apparatus until a delayed partner arrives. If animals do wait, then it is assumed that they recognize the need for a partner. However, success in these tasks may be the result of social facilitation, while failure may be due to poor inhibitory control. Moreover, this approach does not test if animals take their partners' actions into account. Here we trained dogs to press a button simultaneously with their human partner. Afterwards, we tested them in several conditions to disentangle which elements of their partner's behaviour they take into account. Dogs waited to press the button until: the arrival of a delayed partner, the button was available to the partner, and the partner acted (pressed the button). We found no relationship between inhibitory control and success. We conclude that dogs are not merely reacting to the presence of their human partners, but are also taking their actions into account when coordinating with them.</p>
Ecogeography of group size suggests differences in drivers of sociality among cooperatively breeding fairywrens
Cooperatively breeding species exhibit a range of social behaviours associated with different costs and benefits to group living, often in association with different environmental conditions. For example, recent phylogenetic studies have collectively shown that the evolution and distribution of cooperative breeding behaviour is related to the environment. However, little is known about how environmental variation may drive differences in social systems across populations within species, and how the relationship between environmental conditions and sociality may differ across species. Here, we examine variation in social group size along a steep environmental gradient for two congeneric cooperatively breeding species of fairywrens (Maluridae) and show that they exhibit opposing ecogeographic patterns. Purple-backed fairywrens, a species in which helpers increase group productivity, have larger groups in hot, dry environments and smaller groups in cool, wet environments. By contrast, superb fairywrens, a species with helpers that do not increase group productivity despite the presence of alloparental care, exhibit the opposite trend. We suggest differences in the costs and benefits of sociality contribute to these opposing ecogeographical patterns and demonstrate that comparisons of intraspecific patterns of social variation across species can provide insight into how ecology shapes social systems.
Python code generating the data of figures 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 of the manuscript: The evolution of cooperation in the unidirectional linear division of labour of finite roles
<p>The evolution of cooperation is an unsolved mystery, which we see in many social and biological systems. In the study titled "The evolution of cooperation in the unidirectional linear division of labour of finite roles", we investigate under which sanction systems and how the evolution of cooperation happens in the linear division of labour. </p> <p>This python code has been used to produce the results of Figures 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 of the manuscript. This code shows the evolution of cooperation among the population of various different groups which have different roles to play in the linear division of labour, on the basis of numerical analysis of a partial differential equation system, which originates from the replicator equations used in the evolutionary game theory. We find the locally stable equilibria using this code, which shows the ultimate results of the dynamics in the system under given parameters. Figures 3, 5, and 6 are direct products of the code, showing the dynamics of a system, and figures 2 and 4 are the end results of those dynamics. </p> <p>We found that in a social dilemma situation, cooperation never evolves in the system without punishment. However, with sanction systems by introducing a suitable amount of punishment, while having a suitable findability of the defector, and a suitable initial population structure, cooperation can evolve. These results can be found with this code. We have no legal or ethical concerns regarding this data as this is a numerical analysis based on theoretical equations. </p>
Mechanism of RecF-RecO-RecR cooperation in bacterial homologous recombination
<p>This repository includes the following source datasets:</p> <p><strong>1. FluorescenceAnisotropyIII.zip </strong></p> <p>This contains following files:</p> <ol> <li>The raw fluorescence anisotropy file (Excel file) showing the values for Polarization, Anisotropy, Total Intensity, Intensity (parallel) and Intensity (perpendicular) for all the samples included in the paper as separate sheets.</li> <li>The analysis files generated in the Graphpad prism.</li> <li>The details of the files.</li> </ol> <p> </p> <p><strong>2. FT-IR.zip</strong>: This contains the normalized values for the FT-IR spectroscopy of the WT RecF, WT RecR, RecF A170W and RecR A147W.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>3. Glycerol gradient.zip</strong>: This contains the raw gel files for the three sets of independent experiments, standard protein ruler with the respective WT RecF, WT RecO and WT RecR and details regarding the loading of samples on gels.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>4. Pull-downII.zip</strong>: This contains details of all the pull-down experiments and the raw gel files used for</p> <ol> <li>Quantification</li> <li>The major samples for all the experiments done in triplicate</li> <li>Figure preparation for paper</li> </ol> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Data from: Helpers don't help when it's hot in a cooperatively breeding bird, the Southern Pied Babbler
<p><span>Cooperative breeding, where more than two individuals invest in rearing a single brood, occurs in many bird species globally and often contributes to improved breeding outcomes. However, high temperatures are associated with poor breeding outcomes in many species, including cooperative species. We used data collected over three austral summer breeding seasons to investigate the contribution that helpers make to daytime incubation in a cooperatively breeding species, the Southern Pied Babbler <em>Turdoides bicolor,</em> and the ways in which their contribution is influenced by temperature. </span><span>Helpers spent a significantly higher percentage of their time foraging</span><span> (41.8 ± 13.7%) and a significantly lower percentage of their time incubating (18.5 ± 18.8%) than members of the breeding pair (31.3 ± 11% foraging & 37.4 ± 15.7% incubating). In groups with only one helper, the helper's contribution to incubation was similar to that of breeders. However, helpers in larger groups contributed less to incubation, individually, with some individuals investing no time in incubation on a given observation day. Helpers significantly decrease their investment in incubation on hot days (>35.5°C), while breeders tend to maintain incubation effort as temperatures increase. Our results demonstrate that</span><span> pied babblers share the workload of incubation unequally between breeders and helpers, and this inequity is more pronounced during hot weather. These results may help to explain why recent studies have found that larger group size does not buffer against the impacts of high temperatures in this and other cooperatively breeding species.</span></p>
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