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FIGURE 1 in Crassiparies yunnanensis sp. nov. (Neohendersoniaceae, Pleosporales) from dead twigs of Coffea arabica in China
FIGURE 1. RAxML tree based on a combined dataset of SSU, LSU, ITS, rpb2, and tef genes sequences. Bootstrap support values for ML equal to or greater than 75% and BYPP equal to or greater than 0.95 are given above the nodes. Strains of the newly described species are in red, while type strains are in bold.
FIGURE 3 in Crassiparies yunnanensis sp. nov. (Neohendersoniaceae, Pleosporales) from dead twigs of Coffea arabica in China
FIGURE 3. Crassiparies yunnanensis (KUMCC 21-0215, ex-type) on PDA. a. Germinating ascospore. b, c. Growth of asexual morph on plant tissues on PDA. d–g. Chlamydospores growing from hyphae. h. Chlamydospores. Scale bars: a, d–h = 20 µm.
Big, flightless, insular, and dead: characterizing the extinct birds of the Quaternary
<p><b>Aim:</b> Birds have recently undergone a major extinction event which apparently, is ongoing. According to some estimates, humans have caused the extinction of up to 20% of the entire avian species diversity since the latter part of the Pleistocene, which is continuing at an unprecedented rate to this day. Few attempts, however, were made to determine how many extinctions are actually known, rather than projected to have occurred. We aimed to quantify the known avian extinctions, and assess the relevance of factors thought to have promoted their extinctions, i.e., large size, flightlessness, and insularity.</p> <p><b>Location:</b> Global</p> <p><b>Taxon:</b> Aves</p> <p><b>Methods:</b> We collected data on bird extinctions from the literature. We recorded the geographic range, flight ability, and body size of each species. If mass data were unavailable, we estimated it from linear measurements using machine learning tools. We modelled masses of extinct birds on those of extant ones and estimated the effects of taxonomy, body mass, insularity, and flight ability.</p> <p><b>Results</b> We have identified 469 species of birds that humans, directly or indirectly, drove to extinction. These extinctions have predominantly occurred on islands. Extinct birds were often flightless. We estimated the body mass of 291 extinct species and found that overall, the median mass of extinct species was seven times larger than that of extant ones. Extinctions mostly occurred in families of large-bodied birds, while lineages of small birds have fared better. Insular birds are overall larger than mainland birds, a trend that becomes even more evident when the extinct forms are analyzed. However, within lineages, sizes are only slightly larger on islands than on continents.</p> <p><b>Main conclusions</b> Our findings suggest that extinct bird species differed from extant birds by being larger, mostly restricted to islands, and often flightless. These factors made them especially vulnerable to human prosecution and to other anthropogenically-related declines. Our modern understanding of birds is skewed with respect to the nature of avian faunas that existed before the current wave of human-induced extinctions changed our world forever.</p>
Perception of dead conspecifics increases reproductive investment in fruit flies
<p><span>Adaptive plasticity in life-history traits is often critical to maximize fitness in the face of environmental heterogeneity. For example, many organisms respond to a threat to their survival (and hence residual reproductive value) by adaptively increasing their investment into current reproduction (i.e. "terminal investment"). </span></p> <p><span>A key to successful terminal investment is the use of adequate environmental cues to extrinsic mortality sources. In species that live at high population densities, the presence of dead conspecifics could potentially act as a reliable cue to extrinsic mortality sources (e.g. via pathogens).</span></p> <p><span>We experimentally tested this idea using the model organism <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em>, a pest species that experiences marked demographic shifts. We monitored the reproductive output of young mated females during repeated bouts of egg-laying in the presence (i.e. dead-exposed) or absence (i.e. controls) of dead conspecifics, interspersed by mating periods where dead conspecifics were always absent.</span></p> <p><span>Dead-exposed females produced more offspring than controls when in the presence of dead conspecifics but fewer offspring than controls when dead conspecifics were subsequently removed (i.e. during mating periods). These changes were repeatable across time, and are thus indicative of high plasticity in reproductive behaviour.</span></p> <p><span>Flies responded equally to starvation-induced and flash-frozen dead conspecifics, indicating that the cause of death is irrelevant to trigger the plastic response observed, and that females respond to the presence of dead conspecifics <em>per se</em>.</span></p> <p><span>Finally, we found that dead-exposed females produced heavier daughters (but not sons) than controls when in the presence of dead conspecifics, but not during mating periods (when dead conspecifics were absent). In this species body size correlates more strongly with female (than male) fitness, so higher investment in daughter weight is congruent with terminal investment. </span><span> </span></p> <p><span>Altogether, our results show that perception of dead conspecifics leads to highly plastic life-history adjustments in the form of increased investment in both the quantity and the quality of offspring. We discuss these results in the context of terminal investment and other alternative hypotheses. </span></p>
Distribution. Recorded from six disjunct locations in SW & NE India and NE Cambodia, including type locality in Karnataka, and Phrang Karuh Cave, Jaintia Hills, and Thangsah in Meghalaya; in Cambodia known only from a single specimen from Chhaeb district, Preah Vihear Province, while another record based on a photograph of a dead bat from Bahon Temple is also provisionally referred to this species. in Molossidae
Distribution. Recorded from six disjunct locations in SW & NE India and NE Cambodia, including type locality in Karnataka, and Phrang Karuh Cave, Jaintia Hills, and Thangsah in Meghalaya; in Cambodia known only from a single specimen from Chhaeb district, Preah Vihear Province, while another record based on a photograph of a dead bat from Bahon Temple is also provisionally referred to this species.
Unpublished data on birds feeding on dead honey bees [BirdBeePictures_2017]
<p>These are the original pictures of the data set "Unpublished data on birds feeding on dead honey bees" (10.5281/zenodo.6976111)</p>
Unpublished data on birds feeding on dead honey bees [BirdBeePictures_2018_2]
<p>These are the original pictures of the data set "Unpublished data on birds feeding on dead honey bees" (10.5281/zenodo.6976111)</p>
Unpublished data on birds feeding on dead honey bees [BirdBeePictures_2018_1]
<p>These are the original pictures of the data set "Unpublished data on birds feeding on dead honey bees" (10.5281/zenodo.6976111)</p>
FIGURE. Dothiorella viticola on dead branch of Morus sp. (MFLU 19-0621). a, b. Conidiomata on host substrate. c. Vertical section through conidioma. d. Ostiole. e. Peridium of conidioma. f–j. Conidia attached to conidiogenous cells. k–m. Conidia. n. Germinating conidium. o, p. Colony on PDA (o upper, p lower). Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 100 μm, c = 50 μm, d = 20 μm, e–n = 10 μm. in Two new species of Botryosphaeriaceae (Botryosphaeriales) and new host/ geographical records
FIGURE. Dothiorella viticola on dead branch of Morus sp. (MFLU 19-0621). a, b. Conidiomata on host substrate. c. Vertical section through conidioma. d. Ostiole. e. Peridium of conidioma. f–j. Conidia attached to conidiogenous cells. k–m. Conidia. n. Germinating conidium. o, p. Colony on PDA (o upper, p lower). Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 100 μm, c = 50 μm, d = 20 μm, e–n = 10 μm.
FIGURE. Sphaeropsis linhaiensis on dead branch of Cinnamomum camphora (HKAS 10-2383). a, b. Appearance of ascostromata on host surface. c, d. Section through ascomata. e. Section through peridium. f. Pseudoparaphyses. g–j. Asci. k–p. Ascospores. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 μm, c, d = 100 μm, e, f = 20 μm, g–j = 50 μm, k–p = 10 μm. in Two new species of Botryosphaeriaceae (Botryosphaeriales) and new host/ geographical records
FIGURE. Sphaeropsis linhaiensis on dead branch of Cinnamomum camphora (HKAS 10-2383). a, b. Appearance of ascostromata on host surface. c, d. Section through ascomata. e. Section through peridium. f. Pseudoparaphyses. g–j. Asci. k–p. Ascospores. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 μm, c, d = 100 μm, e, f = 20 μm, g–j = 50 μm, k–p = 10 μm.
Book of the dead
Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Anha ituna tütenhüpe itaõ 'The woman who went to the village of the dead'
<p>Anha ituna tütenhüpe itaõ, ‘The woman who went to the village of the dead’, is a<br> narrative lasting roughly twenty minutes. It was registered by Bruna Franchetto<br> and Carlos Fausto on the 23rd of November, 2004, in both audio and video formats, in Ipatse, the main Kuikuro village (Southern Amazonia, State of Mato<br> Grosso, Brazil). </p> <p>Anha ituna tütenhüpe itaõ ‘The woman who went to the village of the dead’, offers<br> a distinctively feminine version of the pan-xinguan and better-known narrative<br> ‘Agahütanga, the trip of a living man to the village of the dead’. In the more – let<br> us call it – “masculine” version, Agahütanga cries for a dead friend, who descends<br> from the celestial world of the dead to take him on a journey of knowledge. During the journey, Agahütanga witnesses the fatal obstacles that can dissolve the<br> dead into the nothingness of smoke. He manages to reach the celestial village,<br> whose owner is a two-headed vulture, devourer of the dead, which is also where the stars that mark the seasonal calendar reside. Agahütanga returns to earth but<br> was killed by a jealous and greedy enemy (and sorcerer).</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p>This dataset contains the mediafiles. A glossed version with annotations is found in<br> On this and other worlds -- Voices from Amazonia<br> Edited by Kristine Stenzel and Bruna Franchetto</p>
Data from: Pelagic zone is an evolutionary catalyst, but an ecological dead end, for North American minnows
<p>Colonization of a novel geographic area is a classic source of ecological opportunity. Likewise, complex microhabitats are thought to promote biodiversity. We sought to reconcile these two predictions when they are naturally opposing outcomes. We assess the macroevolutionary consequences of an ancestral shift from benthic to pelagic microhabitat zones on rates of speciation and phenotypic evolution in North American minnows. Pelagic species have more similar phenotypes and slower rates of phenotypic evolution, but faster speciation rates, than benthic species. These are likely two independent, opposing responses to specialization along the benthic-pelagic axis, as rates of phenotypic evolution and speciation are not directly correlated. The pelagic zone is more structurally homogenous and offers less ecological opportunity, acting as an ecological dead end for minnows. In contrast, pelagic species may be more mobile and prone to dispersal and subsequent geographic isolation and, consequently, experience elevated instances of allopatric speciation. Microhabitat shifts can have decoupled effects on different dimensions of biodiversity, highlighting the need for nuance when interpreting the macroevolutionary consequences of ecological opportunity.</p>
Figure 15 in Living together in dead coral rocks: macrosymbiotic communities associated with Bonellia echiuran worms (Annelida: Thalassematidae: Bonelliinae), involving new commensal bivalve and amphipod species
Figure 15. Leucothoe bonelliae holotype (SMBL-V0661): (A) upper lip, dorsal; (B) left mandible, dorsal; (C) right mandible, dorsal; (D) left maxilla 1, ventral; (E) left maxilla 2, ventral; (F) lower lip, dorsal; (G) right maxilliped, dorsal. Scale bar = 100 µm.
Figure 3 in Living together in dead coral rocks: macrosymbiotic communities associated with Bonellia echiuran worms (Annelida: Thalassematidae: Bonelliinae), involving new commensal bivalve and amphipod species
Figure 3. Haplotype network from COI data for Bonellia sp. aff. minor from Kushimoto and Okinawa, Japan. Each connection represents one inferred base-pair change.
Figure 12 in Living together in dead coral rocks: macrosymbiotic communities associated with Bonellia echiuran worms (Annelida: Thalassematidae: Bonelliinae), involving new commensal bivalve and amphipod species
Figure 12. Basterotia bonelliphila (paratype NSMT-Mo 79471). A, B, External view of right and left valves. C, D, Internal view of right and left valves. E, F, Hinge structure of right and left valves. G, H, Prodissoconch II of right and left valves. Abbreviations: ac, anterior cardinal tooth; exl, external ligament; p2, prodissoconch II. Scale bars = 1 mm (A–D), 100 µm (E–H).
Figure 6 in Living together in dead coral rocks: macrosymbiotic communities associated with Bonellia echiuran worms (Annelida: Thalassematidae: Bonelliinae), involving new commensal bivalve and amphipod species
Figure 6. Micro-CT images of two burrows (A and B) of Bonellia sp. aff. minor. Burrow openings are indicated by white arrowheads. The blue and yellow portions indicate sediments occupied in burrows and the burrow cavity, respectively. Scale bars = 5 mm.
Figure 18 in Living together in dead coral rocks: macrosymbiotic communities associated with Bonellia echiuran worms (Annelida: Thalassematidae: Bonelliinae), involving new commensal bivalve and amphipod species
Figure 18. Leucothoe bonelliae holotype (SMBL-V0661): (A) left pereopod 3, lateral; (B) left pereopod 4, lateral; (C) left pereopod 5, lateral; (D) left pereopod 6, lateral; (E) left pereopod 7, lateral. Scale bar = 100 µm.
Figure 14 in Living together in dead coral rocks: macrosymbiotic communities associated with Bonellia echiuran worms (Annelida: Thalassematidae: Bonelliinae), involving new commensal bivalve and amphipod species
Figure 14. Leucothoe bonelliae holotype (SMBL-V0661): (A) habitus, lateral; (B) pereonites 5–7, coxal plates 5–7 and pleonites 1–3, lateral; (C) telson, dorsal; (D) apical part of telson, dorsal; (E) left antenna 1, lateral; (F) left antenna 2, lateral. Scale bars = 100 µm.
Figure 2 in Living together in dead coral rocks: macrosymbiotic communities associated with Bonellia echiuran worms (Annelida: Thalassematidae: Bonelliinae), involving new commensal bivalve and amphipod species
Figure 2. Habitat of the study site. The proboscises of Bonellia sp. aff. minor (white arrows) extend from the burrow mainly during the night (A–D, different individuals).
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.