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opencc-by-4.0Feb 2022View details →

The height-dependent delayed ionospheric response to solar EUV - artificial run

These artificial runs use the TIE-GCM v2.0 model in its 2.5 × 2.5 configuration as the real condition model run. In order to converge to stable initial condition the TIE GCM runs for 30 days prior to the final simulation starting at 21 September 2010. This initial run was configured with default parameters. Both model runs start at 21 October 2010 and are calculated with default parameters except for the switched off auroral parameterization as well as the switched off high-latitude potential model. The influence of noise in solar activity is reduced by applying an artificial noise free sinusoidal time series for the F10.7 input.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2022View details →

Strain-dependent induction of primary bile acid 7-dehydroxylation by cholic acid.

Raw data files for the publication Strain-dependent induction of primary bile acid 7-dehydroxylation by cholic acid.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2022View details →

Dataset for "The Dependence of Solar Flare Magnitude on Sunspot Area During Activity Cycle 24"

Dataset for of Will, Avallone, & Sun (2022), RNAAS, 6, 37 "The Dependence of Solar Flare Magnitude on Sunspot Area During Activity Cycle 24".  This is a .cvs file containing the information of 412 solar active regions, including their NOAA numbers, sunspot area, sunspot classification, and the peak GOES soft X-ray flux of the largest flare it produced. The sunspot area data are measured using continuum images from SDO/HMI.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2022View details →

Photographs of parasites encapsulated in Cepaea nemoralis shells (appendix to the paper "Morph-dependent effect of nematode infection on host movement in the land snail Cepaea nemoralis (Mollusca, Gastropoda)")

A set of four photographs taken of shell fragments of Cepaea nemoralis (grove snail), taken in the course of the project leading to the manuscript titled: "Morph-dependent effect of nematode infection on host movement in the land snail *Cepaea nemoralis* (Mollusca, Gastropoda)". Each photograph shows a parasite encapsulated/trapped in the shell by the snail: AcaRX3_3.tif: a mite (presumably Riccardoella sp.) NemaBX7_1.tif, NemaBX7_3.tif, NemaRK5_2.tif: unidentified nematodes (note in the latter image, the clearly visible brown-band on yellow background pattern of the shell). A scale bar (0.25 mm) is overlaid on each image

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2021View details →

Substituent-dependent absorption and fluorescence properties of perylene bisimide radical anions and dianions

Original spectroscopic data to report:  R. Renner et. al. Mater. Horiz., 2022, 9, 350–359; DOI: 10.1039/d1mh01019k Abstract: Perylene-3,4:9,10-bis(dicarboximides) (PBIs) rank among the most important functional dyes and organic semiconductors, but only recently have their radical anions and dianions attracted interest for a variety of applications. Here, we systematically elucidate the functional properties (redox, absorption, and emission) of five PBI anions and dianions bearing different bay-substituents attached to the chromophore core. Cyclic voltammetry measurements reveal the influence of the substituents ranging from electron-withdrawing cyano to electron-donating phenoxy groups on the oxidation and reduction potentials that relate to the HOMO and LUMO levels ranging from −7.07 eV to −6.05 eV and −5.01 eV to −4.05 eV, respectively. Spectroelectrochemical studies reveal a significant number of intense absorption bands in the NIR-spectral range (750–1400 nm) for the radical anions, whereas the dianionic species are characterized by similar spectra to those for the neutral dyes, however being bathochromically shifted and with increased molar extinction coefficients of approximately 100 000 M−1 cm−1. The increase of the transition dipole moment is up to 56% and accompanied by an almost cyanine-like red-shifted (by 300 nm) absorption spectrum for the most electron-poor tetracyanotetrachloro PBI. Whilst the outstanding fluorescence properties of the neutral PBIs are lost for the radical anions, an appreciable near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence with a quantum yield of up to 18% is revealed for the dianions by utilizing a custom-built flow-cell spectroelectrochemistry setup. Time-dependent density functional theory calculations help to assign the absorption bands to the respective electronic transitions.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

Dataset for "Structural Linkage Unit-Dependent Catalytic Activity for CO Oxidation over Cerium Oxysulfate Cluster Assemblies"

Dataset relating to the publication "Structural Linkage Unit-Dependent Catalytic Activity for CO Oxidation over Cerium Oxysulfate Cluster Assemblies". Raw input and output data as well as pre- and postprocessing scripts and figures.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

Fig. 4. Partial dependence plot for topographic Fig. 5 in Associations Between Habitat Quality And Body Size In The Carpathian-Podolian Land Snail Vestia Turgida: Species Distribution Model Selection And Assessment Of Performance

Fig. 4. Partial dependence plot for topographic Fig. 5. Partial dependence plot for terrain roughness wetness index (TWI). index (tri).

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2022View details →

Data_Figure1(A-D)_AKR1D1 knockout mice develop a sex dependent metabolic phenotype

Data of Fig1 Pannel A-D, “AKR1D1 knockout mice develop a sex dependent metabolic phenotype” The Dataset contains the original figure 1 (Pannel A-D) as PNG-format (10.1530JOE-21-0280_Fig1A-D.PNG). Corresponding raw from LC-MS/MS measurements are provided as one file in CSV format (31003A-179400_10.1530_JOE-21-0280_AKR1D1_SS_DVK_4_Fig1.csv), all further experiment related information (meta-data) as one file in TXT format (31003A-179400_10.1530_JOE-21-0280_AKR1D1_SS_DVK_4_Fig1_M1.txt), one file in PDF format (31003A-179400_10.1530_JOE-21-0280_AKR1D1_SS_DVK_4_Fig1_M2.pdf) and one file as CSV format (31003A-179400_10.1530_JOE-21-0280_AKR1D1_SS_DVK_4_Fig1_M3.csv).

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2022View details →

Bacterial community composition of bulk soil from date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) farm depend on irrigation water salinity

Non-saline and saline ground water irrigation is extensively used in the arid regions of United Arab Emirates (UAE) for date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) cultivation without knowing its effect on bulk soil bacterial communities. Bulk soil acts as a supply base for microbes and nutrients that are accessed by date palm roots. We collected soil samples from date farms across UAE and performed V3-V4 16s rRNA metabarcoding analysis to understand how bulk soil bacterial diversity and communities respond to irrigation water sources (non-saline and saline groundwater irrigation). There was no significant variation in bulk bacterial diversity (Shannon diversity, richness as well as evenness). But bulk bacterial communities differed between irrigation water sources and irrigation water electrical conductivity was the significant factor that explained a part of community variation. Out of total 5089 OTUs, saline bulk soil harbored only 21.3% of total OTUs compared to 31.5% OTUs in non-saline bulk soil, while 47.15% OTUs shared between both types of irrigation. Proteobacteria abundance was higher in saline bulk soil, while Actinobacteriota abundance was enhanced in non-saline bulk soil. Similar selection was observed at genus level, wherein saline bulk soil showed increase in abundance of Subgroup_10, Nitrospira and Mycobacterium, whereas Microvirga, Ammoniphilus, Nitrospira and Lysinibacillus were elevated in non-saline bulk soil. Saline (Novibacillus and Bauldea) and non-saline bulk soil (Microvirga, Marmoricola, Domibacillus, Oceanobacillus, Bhargavaea and Solirubrobacter) showed significant selection of indicator taxa (P < 0.05). This indicate that bacterial communities colonizing bulk soil differ depending on irrigation water source and it is affected by irrigation water EC.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2021View details →

Fig. 3. Partial dependence plot for BIO17 in Associations Between Habitat Quality And Body Size In The Carpathian-Podolian Land Snail Vestia Turgida: Species Distribution Model Selection And Assessment Of Performance

Fig. 3. Partial dependence plot for BIO17 = Precipitation of Driest Quarter; gray area = 95 % confidence interval.

opencc-zeroApr 2022View details →

Negotiating mutualism: a locus for exploitation by rhizobia has a broad effect size distribution and context-dependent effects on legume hosts

In mutualisms, variation at genes determining partner fitness provides the raw material upon which coevolutionary selection acts, setting the dynamics and pace of coevolution. However, we know little about variation in the effects of genes that underlie symbiotic fitness in natural mutualist populations. In some species of legumes that form root nodule symbioses with nitrogen-fixing rhizobial bacteria, hosts secrete nodule-specific cysteine-rich (NCR) peptides that cause rhizobia to differentiate in the nodule environment. However, rhizobia can cleave NCR peptides through the expression of genes like the plasmid-borne Host range restriction peptidase (hrrP), whose product degrades target NCR peptides. Although hrrP activity can confer host exploitation by depressing host fitness and enhancing symbiont fitness, the effects of hrrP on symbiosis phenotypes depend strongly on the genotypes of the interacting partners. However, the effects of hrrP have yet to be characterized in a natural population context, so its contribution to variation in wild mutualist populations is unknown. To understand the distribution of effects of hrrP in wild rhizobia, we measured mutualism phenotypes conferred by hrrP in 12 wild Ensifer medicae strains. To evaluate context dependency of hrrP effects, we compared hrrP effects across two Medicago polymorpha host genotypes and across two experimental years for five E. medicae strains. We show for the first time in a natural population context that hrrP has a wide distribution of effect sizes for many mutualism traits, ranging from strongly positive to strongly negative. Furthermore, we show that hrrP effect size varies across both host genotype and experiment year, suggesting that researchers should be cautious about extrapolating the role of genes in natural populations from controlled laboratory studies of single genetic variants.

opencc-zeroApr 2022View details →

Context-dependence in the symbiosis between Dictyostelium discoideum and Paraburkholderia

Symbiotic interactions change with environmental context. Measuring these context-dependent effects in hosts and symbionts is critical to determining the nature of symbiotic interactions. We investigated context-dependence in the symbiosis between social amoeba hosts and their inedible Paraburkholderia bacterial symbionts, where the context is the abundance of host food bacteria. Paraburkholderia have been shown to harm hosts dispersed to food-rich environments, but aid hosts dispersed to food-poor environments by allowing hosts to carry food bacteria. Through measuring symbiont density and host spore production, we show that this food context matters in three other ways. First, it matters for symbionts, who suffer a greater cost from competition with food bacteria in the food-rich context. Second, it matters for host-symbiont conflict, changing how symbiont density negatively impacts host spore production. Third, data-based simulations show that symbiosis often provides a long-term fitness advantage for hosts after rounds of growth and dispersal in variable food-contexts, especially when conditions are harsh with little food. These results show how food context can have many consequences for the Dictyostelium-Paraburkholderia symbiosis and that both sides can frequently benefit.

opencc-zeroApr 2022View details →

Effects of genetic vs. environmental quality on condition-dependent morphological and life history traits in a neriid fly

Condition is assumed to reflect both genes and environment, enabling condition-dependent signals to reveal genetic quality. However, because the phenotypic effects of variation in genetic quality could be masked by environmental heterogeneity, the contribution of genetic quality to phenotypic variation in fitness-related traits and condition-dependent signals remains unclear. We compared effects of ecologically relevant manipulations of environmental quality (nutrient dilution in the larval diet) and genetic quality (one generation of inbreeding) on male and female morphology, life history and reproductive performance in the neriid fly Telostylinus angusticollis. We found that larval diet quality had strong, positive effects on male and female body size, male secondary sexual traits, and aspects of male and female reproductive performance. By contrast, inbreeding had weak effects on most traits, and no trait showed clear and consistent effects of both environmental and genetic quality. Indeed, inbreeding effects on body size and male competitive performance were of opposite sign in rich vs. poor larval diet treatment groups. Our results suggest that environmental quality strongly affects condition, but the effects of genetic quality are subtle and environment-dependent in this species. These findings raise questions about the genetic architecture of condition and the potential for condition-dependent traits to function as signals of genetic quality.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2022View details →

Scale dependent spatial structuring of mountain river large bed elements maximizes flow resistance - Data Revision

Datasets and R code related to manuscript entitled, "Scale dependent spatial structuring of mountain river large bed elements maximizes flow resistance". See '0_READ_ME.rtf' file for additional description of available files.

Social information use about novel aposematic prey depends on the intensity of the observed cue

Animals gather social information by observing the behavior of others, but how the intensity of observed cues influences decision-making is rarely investigated. This is crucial for understanding how social information influences ecological and evolutionary dynamics. For example, observing a predator's distaste of unpalatable prey can reduce predation by naïve birds, and help explain the evolution and maintenance of aposematic warning signals. However, previous studies have only used demonstrators that responded vigorously, showing intense beak-wiping after tasting prey. Therefore, here we conducted an experiment with blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) informed by variation in predator responses. First, we found that the response to unpalatable food varies greatly, with only few individuals performing intensive beak-wiping. We then tested how the intensity of beak-wiping influences observers' foraging choices using video-playback of a conspecific tasting a novel conspicuous prey item. Observers were provided social information from: (1) no distaste response, (2) a weak distaste response, or (3) a strong distaste response, and were then allowed to forage on evolutionarily novel (artificial) prey. Consistent with previous studies, we found that birds consumed fewer aposematic prey after seeing a strong distaste response, however a weak response did not influence foraging choices. Our results suggest that while beak-wiping is a salient cue, its information content may vary with cue intensity. Furthermore, the number of potential demonstrators in the predator population might be lower than previously thought, although determining how this influences social transmission of avoidance in the wild will require uncovering the effects of intermediate cue salience.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2022View details →

Data set: On the porosity-dependent permeability and conductivity of triply periodic minimal surface based porous media

This file contains all processed data from the simulations and calculations.

Personality, sperm traits and a test for their combined dependence on male condition in guppies

There is evidence that animal personality traits can have spill-over effects for sexual selection, with studies reporting that male behavioural types are associated with success during pre- and post-copulatory sexual selection. Given these links between personality and sexual traits, and the evidence that their expression can depend on an individual's nutritional status (i.e. condition), a novel prediction is that changes in a male's diet should alter both the average expression of personality and sexual traits, and their covariance. We tested these predictions using the guppy Poecilia reticulata, a species previously shown to exhibit strong condition dependence in ejaculate traits and a positive correlation between sperm production and individual variation in boldness. Contrary to expectation, we found that dietary restriction – when administered in mature adult males – did not affect the expression of either behavioural (boldness and activity) or ejaculate traits, although we did find that males subjected to dietary stress exhibited a positive association between sperm velocity and boldness that was not apparent in the unrestricted diet group. This latter finding points to possible context-dependent patterns of covariance between sexually selected and personality traits, which may have implications for patterns of selection and evolutionary processes under fluctuating environmental conditions.

Density-dependent selection and the maintenance of colour polymorphism in barn owls

The capacity of natural selection to generate adaptive changes is according to the Fundamental Theorem of Natural Selection proportional to the additive genetic variance in fitness. In spite of its importance for development of new adaptations to a changing environment, processes affecting the magnitude of the genetic variance in fitness-related traits are poorly understood. Here we show that the red-white colour polymorphism in female barn owls is subject to density-dependent selection at the phenotypic and genotypic level. The diallelic melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) gene explained a large amount of the phenotypic variance in reddish colouration in the females (R^2 = 59.8 %). Red individuals (RR genotype) were selected for at low densities, while white individuals (WW genotype) were favoured at high densities and were less sensitive to changes in density. We show that this density-dependent selection favours white individuals and predicts fixation of the white allele in this population at longer time scales without immigration or other selective forces. Still, fluctuating population density will cause selection to fluctuate and periodically favour red individuals. These results suggest how balancing selection caused by fluctuations in population density can be a general mechanism affecting the level of additive genetic variance in natural populations.

Asymmetric density-dependent competition does not contribute to the maintenance of sex in a mixed population of sexual and asexual Potamopyrgus antipodarum

Asexual reproduction is expected to have a two-fold reproductive advantage over sexual reproduction, owing to the cost of producing males in sexual subpopulations. The persistence of sexual females thus requires an advantage to sexual reproduction, at least periodically. Here we tested the hypothesis that asexual females are more sensitive to limited resources. Under this idea, fluctuations in the availability of resources (per capita) could periodically favor sexual females when resources become limited. We combined sexual and asexual freshwater snails (Potamopyrgus antipodarum) together in nylon mesh enclosures at three different densities in an outdoor mesocosm. After one month, we counted the brood size of fertile female snails. We found that fecundity declined significantly with increasing density. However, sexual females did not produce more offspring than asexual females at any of the experimental densities. Our results thus suggest that the cost of sexual reproduction in P. antipodarum is not ameliorated by periods of intense resource competition.