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Figure 4 in Osteology and phylogenetic position of the diminutive 'microsaur' Odonterpeton triangulare from the Pennsylvanian of Linton, Ohio, and major features of recumbirostran phylogeny

Figure 4. Strict consensus of the results of the parsimony analysis focused on the phylogenetic relationships recovered within Recumbirostra. Major clades are labelled at nodes (circles). Major recumbirostran families are labelled in colour. Silhouette tones indicate the level of body elongation, with darker shades indicating more extreme body elongation.

Figure 1 in Osteology and phylogenetic position of the diminutive 'microsaur' Odonterpeton triangulare from the Pennsylvanian of Linton, Ohio, and major features of recumbirostran phylogeny

Figure 1. Photographs of the part (USNM PAL 4465) and counterpart (USNM PAL 4467) of the holotype of Odonterpeton triangulare. A, C, skeleton exposed in dorsal view (A) and ventral view (C). B, D, resin casts of the skeleton exposed in dorsal view (B) and ventral view (D).

Figure 3 in Osteology and phylogenetic position of the diminutive 'microsaur' Odonterpeton triangulare from the Pennsylvanian of Linton, Ohio, and major features of recumbirostran phylogeny

Figure 3. Photographs and labelled drawings of the skull of the holotype of Odonterpeton triangulare. A, B, dorsal view (USNM PAL 4465). C, D, ventral view of the skull and the anterior end of the cervical region (USNM PAL 4467). See Material and Methods for anatomical abbreviations.

Figure 6 in Osteology and phylogenetic position of the diminutive 'microsaur' Odonterpeton triangulare from the Pennsylvanian of Linton, Ohio, and major features of recumbirostran phylogeny

Figure 6. Palatal views of selected early amniotes, including recumbirostrans, focusing on the structured pterygoid (peach coloured). A, palate of the early captorhinid eureptile, Captorhinus, showing a triradiate pterygoid with a distinct, posteroventrally descending and tooth-bearing transverse flange of the pterygoid (Fox & Bowman, 1966). B, palate of an early-diverging synapsid, Eothyris, showing a triradiate pterygoid with a weakly posteriorly oriented, ventrally descending and tooth-bearing transverse flange of the pterygoid (Reisz et al., 2009). C, palate of an early eureptile, Protorothyris, showing a triradiate pterygoid with an almost straight, ventrally descending and tooth-bearing transverse flange of the pterygoid (Clark & Carroll, 1973). D, palate of an early eureptile, Paleothyris, showing a triradiate pterygoid with a weakly posteriorly oriented, ventrally descending and tooth-bearing transverse flange of the pterygoid (Carroll, 1969). E, palate of an early parareptile, Acleistorhinus, showing a triradiate pterygoid with a nearly straight, perhaps slightly anteriorly canted, ventrally descending and tooth-bearing transverse flange of the pterygoid (deBraga & Reisz, 1996). F, palate of the araeoscelid eureptile Petrolacosaurus, showing a less distinct, anteriorly oriented and tooth-bearing transverse flange of the pterygoid (Reisz, 1977). G, palate of a putative captorhinid reptile, Opisthodontosaurus, showing a triradiate pterygoid with a somewhat straight, shallowly descending, lightly denticulated, transverse flange of the pterygoid (Reisz et al., 2015).

FIGURE 16 in Hiding in plain sight: two new species of diminutive marsupial (Dasyuridae: Planigale) from the Pilbara, Australia

FIGURE 16. Cranium (A, C–E) and dentary (B and F) of the holotype Planigale tealei (WAM M47923). Cranium shown in ventral (A), dorsal (C), posterior (D) and lateral (E) views, and dentary pictured in occlusal (B) and buccal (F) views. Note shallower and broader u-shaped posterior suture of nasals, broader interorbital region and overall smaller skull size compared to P. kendricki.

FIGURE 13 in Hiding in plain sight: two new species of diminutive marsupial (Dasyuridae: Planigale) from the Pilbara, Australia

FIGURE 13. Upper and lower dentition of Planigale kendricki (WAM M41812, holotype) from canine to M4. A) upper and B) lower dentition in occlusal view. Abbreviations: acid, anterior cingulid; alci, anterolabial cingulum; ecf, ectoflexus; encd, entoconid; hycd, hypoconid; hycld, hypoconulid; mec, metacone; mecd, metaconid; pac, paracone; pacd, paraconid; pcid, posterior cingulid; prc, protocone; prcd, protoconid; stA, stylar cusp B; stB, stylar cusp B; stD, stylar cusp D.

FIGURE 10 in Hiding in plain sight: two new species of diminutive marsupial (Dasyuridae: Planigale) from the Pilbara, Australia

FIGURE 10. Photo of Planigale kendricki sp. nov. courtesy of R. Teale. Note the rufous, orange-tan colouration of the fur and the orange eye ring.

FIGURE 8. A in Hiding in plain sight: two new species of diminutive marsupial (Dasyuridae: Planigale) from the Pilbara, Australia

FIGURE 8. A) CDA on the craniodental measurement data where size has been accounted for, for Planigale 1, P. maculata, P. ingrami and P. sp. Mt Tom Price, note males and females shown as closed and open symbols, respectively. Character contributions to canonical axes 1 and 2 as total canonical structure coefficients. Axes not scaled accordingly.

FIGURE 7. A in Hiding in plain sight: two new species of diminutive marsupial (Dasyuridae: Planigale) from the Pilbara, Australia

FIGURE 7. A) Comparison of overall skull size (geometric mean) between male and female planigales from four species, Planigale ingrami, P. Mt Tom Price, Planigale 1 and P. maculata. All pairwise comparisons had p <0.0001 unless indicated otherwise (p> 0.05, ns; p <0.05, *; p <0.001, **). B) and C) comparisons of selected cranial measurements (in mm) for Planigale ingrami, P. maculata, Planigale 1 and P. sp. Mt Tom Price, closed symbols are males, open symbols are females. B) overall skull size using basicranial skull length and zygomatic width; C) length of nasals vs. braincase height, which demonstrates separation of the two Pilbara planigale lineages.

FIGURE 6 in Hiding in plain sight: two new species of diminutive marsupial (Dasyuridae: Planigale) from the Pilbara, Australia

FIGURE 6. PCA on the craniodental measurement data for Planigale in this study, males are closed symbols and females open symbols (note sex is not indicated for Planigale gilesi and P. tenuirostris). A) PCA before skull size has been accounted for, variation explained by PC1 axis can be interpreted as size, and B) character loadings (eigenvectors) showing the contribution of each measurement variable to PC1 and PC2. C) PCA and D) character loadings after skull size has been accounted for, less variation is explained by PC1 and with size continuing to influence PC1. PCA axes are not scaled accordingly. Note both before and after size correction there is no overlap in the distribution of samples of the two Pilbara forms.

FIGURE 4 in Hiding in plain sight: two new species of diminutive marsupial (Dasyuridae: Planigale) from the Pilbara, Australia

FIGURE 4. Scatterplot of ordination scores in the first two dimensions for the initial Principal Coordinates Analysis (PcoA) on the 38 planigale included in the 2001 allozyme study. The relative contribution of each dimension is given in brackets (axes not scaled accordingly). Individuals are colour-coded by species following Figure 2. The pairwise number of fixed allozyme differences (FDs) between candidate species and between the 'M1' and 'M2' lineages of P. maculata are also shown.

FIGURE 2 in Hiding in plain sight: two new species of diminutive marsupial (Dasyuridae: Planigale) from the Pilbara, Australia

FIGURE 2. Distribution of planigale specimens examined in this study (Planigale gilesi, yellow pentagon; P. tenuirostris, pink star; P. ingrami, blue diamond; P. maculata, green square; Planigale 1, grey-blue circle; P. sp. Mt Tom Price, salmon triangle). Open symbols indicate individuals for which DNA was sequenced during this study or in previous studies. The Pilbara region in Western Australia is denoted by a broken line and key locations mentioned in the text are labelled.

FIGURE 1 in Hiding in plain sight: two new species of diminutive marsupial (Dasyuridae: Planigale) from the Pilbara, Australia

FIGURE 1. The approximate distributions of the four currently recognised species of Australian planigale adapted from Van Dyck & Strahan (2008), with Pilbara distributions added from Menkhorst & Knight (2004) and indicated with arrows.

FIGURE 9. A in Hiding in plain sight: two new species of diminutive marsupial (Dasyuridae: Planigale) from the Pilbara, Australia

FIGURE 9. A) External head length vs. head depth (mm) of the two forms of Pilbara Planigale (salmon Planigale sp. Mt Tom Price, blue Planigale 1) closed symbols are males and open are females. B) Box plots of pes length (mm) measurements for male and female Planigale sp. Mt Tom Price (salmon) and Planigale 1 (blue).

FIGURE 12 in Hiding in plain sight: two new species of diminutive marsupial (Dasyuridae: Planigale) from the Pilbara, Australia

FIGURE 12. Planigale kendricki holotype (WAM M41812) cranium in ventral (A), dorsal (C), posterior (D) and lateral (E) views, and dentary in occlusal (B) and buccal (F) views. Note deep u-shape of posterior nasal suture in C and extreme dorsoventral flattening of braincase in D and E.

FIGURE 11 in Hiding in plain sight: two new species of diminutive marsupial (Dasyuridae: Planigale) from the Pilbara, Australia

FIGURE 11. Pes of typical A) Planigale kendricki (WAM M51793), and B) Planigale sp. Mt Tom Price (WAM M64697), note relative size difference of pes, shape and placement of apical pads between the species.

FIGURE 14 in Hiding in plain sight: two new species of diminutive marsupial (Dasyuridae: Planigale) from the Pilbara, Australia

FIGURE 14. Proposed distribution of Planigale kendricki inferred from specimens at the Western Australian Museum (blue dots) that were examined during this study. The border of the Pilbara region is shown by the dashed line in inset A.

FIGURE 17 in Hiding in plain sight: two new species of diminutive marsupial (Dasyuridae: Planigale) from the Pilbara, Australia

FIGURE 17. Upper and lower dentition of Planigale tealei (WAM M47841, paratype) from canine to M4. A) upper and B) lower dentition in occlusal view. Abbreviations: acid, anterior cingulid; alci, anterolabial cingulum; ecf, ectoflexus; encd, entoconid; hycd, hypoconid; mec, metacone; mecd, metaconid; pac, paracone; pacd, paraconid; pcid, posterior cingulid; prc, protocone; prcd, protoconid; stB, stylar cusp B; stD, stylar cusp D.

FIGURE 18 in Hiding in plain sight: two new species of diminutive marsupial (Dasyuridae: Planigale) from the Pilbara, Australia

FIGURE 18. Proposed distribution of Planigale tealei inferred from specimens (pink triangles) in the Western Australian Museum that were examined during this study, including southern locality of Waldburg Station. The border of the Pilbara is shown by a dotted line in Inset A.