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FIGURE 3 in Phylogenetic position of Argentinian and Chilean endemic species of Senecio ser. Culcitium (Asteraceae) with an evolutionary analysis of morphological characters
FIGURE 3. Statistical parsimony network. Circles represent the six different haplotypes found in the Senecio group (H1-H6). Solid bars are hypothetical haplotypes. Species previously included in Senecio ser. Culcitium sensu Cabrera are shaded.
FIGURE 4 in Phylogenetic position of Argentinian and Chilean endemic species of Senecio ser. Culcitium (Asteraceae) with an evolutionary analysis of morphological characters
FIGURE 4. Mapping of 'capitula position' character in one of the most parsimonious trees derived from the MP analysis of the combined dataset. Red color indicates erect capitula; blue color indicates nodding capitula. Species previously included in Senecio ser. Culcitium sensu Cabrera are shaded.
FIGURE 2 in Phylogenetic position of Argentinian and Chilean endemic species of Senecio ser. Culcitium (Asteraceae) with an evolutionary analysis of morphological characters
FIGURE 2. Strict consensus of MP combined analysis (plastid and nuclear datasets). Species previously included in Senecio ser. Culcitium sensu Cabrera are shaded. Southern Andes includes Patagonian Andes in Argentina and Chile. Northern Andes includes the Andes of Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Central Andes represent Andes of N Chile and NW Argentina. Jackknife values (GC differences) from the Parsimony analysis, Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) and Bootstrap values (BS) from Maximum Likelihood, are shown in this order associated to the branches. An asterisk indicates a branch missing from the corresponding analysis. Capital letters refer to clades discussed in the text.
Figure 9 in The evolutionary and biomechanical implications of snout and proboscis morphology in Caenogastropoda (Mollusca: Gastropoda)
Figure 9. Transverse histological sections through the proboscis of three caenogastropod taxa. (A) Cabestana spengleri (Ranellidae) everted proboscis and branching ventral odontophoral retractor muscles; (B) C. spengleri proboscis base, ventrolateral and dorsolateral retractor muscles; (C) C. spengleri proboscis wall; (D) Semicassis pyrum (Cassidae) everted proboscis and ventral odontophoral retractor muscles; (E) S. pyrum proboscis wall; (F) Ficus subintermedia (Ficidae) introverted proboscis; (G) F. subintermedia proboscis wall. Scale bars: (A, B, D, F) 1 mm; (C, E, G) 200 µm; for abbreviations see Appendix 2.
Figure 8 in The evolutionary and biomechanical implications of snout and proboscis morphology in Caenogastropoda (Mollusca: Gastropoda)
Figure 8. Transverse histological sections through the proboscis of two epitoniid taxa. (A) Janthina janthina (Epitoniidae) proboscis and aortic muscles; (B) J. janthina proboscis wall; (C) Opalia ballinensis (Epitoniidae) introverted proboscis and accessory proboscis retractor muscles (D) O. ballinensis aortic muscles; (E) O. ballinensis proboscis wall. Scale bars: (A, C) 1 mm; (B, E) 100 µm; (D) 500 µm; for abbreviations see Appendix 2.
Figure 7 in The evolutionary and biomechanical implications of snout and proboscis morphology in Caenogastropoda (Mollusca: Gastropoda)
Figure 7. Transverse histological sections through the proboscis of three "ptenoglossan" taxa. (A) Mesophora fusca (Triphoridae) introverted proboscis and ventral odontophoral retractor muscles; (B) M. fusca proboscis wall; (C) Ataxocerithium sp. (Cerithiopsidae) introverted proboscis and aortic muscles; (D) Ataxocerithium sp. proboscis wall (E) Apicalia cf. brazieri (Eulimidae) partially everted proboscis; (F) Apicalia cf. brazieri introverted proboscis and aortic muscles (G) Apicalia cf. brazieri proboscis wall. Scale bars: (A, C, E, F) 200 µm; (B, D, G) 50 µm; for abbreviations see Appendix 2.
Figure 12 in The evolutionary and biomechanical implications of snout and proboscis morphology in Caenogastropoda (Mollusca: Gastropoda)
Figure 12. Snout and proboscis evolution in Caenogastropoda, illustrated on a phylogeny of Caenogastropoda based on the strict consensus tree generated by Ponder et al. (2008) (Figure 13.16) using maximum parsimony analysis of a morphological dataset. Taxa originally included in their analysis which were not examined in this study have been pruned; Columbellidae, Vanikoridae and Turbinellidae were not included by Ponder et al. (2008) and are not
Figure 2 in The evolutionary and biomechanical implications of snout and proboscis morphology in Caenogastropoda (Mollusca: Gastropoda)
Figure 2. Transverse histological sections through the snout of four non-caenogastropod taxa. (A) Montfortula rugosa (Fissurellidae) snout; (B) M. rugosa snout wall; (C) Austrocochlea porcata (Trochidae) snout; (D) A. porcata snout wall; (E) Nerita atramentosa (Neritidae) snout; (F) N. atramentosa snout wall; (G) Pyrgulina pascoei (Pyramidellidae) introverted proboscis (H) P. pascoei proboscis wall. Scale bars: (A, C, E) 1 mm; (B, D, F–H) 100 µm; for abbreviations see Appendix 2.
Figure 4 in The evolutionary and biomechanical implications of snout and proboscis morphology in Caenogastropoda (Mollusca: Gastropoda)
Figure 4. Transverse histological sections through the snout of three caenogastropod taxa. (A) Serpulorbis sp. (Vermetidae) snout; (B) Serpulorbis sp. snout wall; (C) Bembicium nanum (Littorinidae) snout; (D) B. nanum fused aortic muscles; (E) B. nanum snout wall; (F) Carinaria cristata (Carinariidae) snout; (G) C. cristata accessory retractor muscles; (H) C. cristata snout wall. Scale bars: (A, C, D, F, G) 1 mm; (B, E, H) 100 µm; for abbreviations see Appendix 2.
Figure 1 in The evolutionary and biomechanical implications of snout and proboscis morphology in Caenogastropoda (Mollusca: Gastropoda)
Figure 1. Schematic classification of proboscis and snout morphology, with retractor muscles shown in grey. (A) Snout; (B) acrembolic proboscis everted; (C) acrembolic proboscis introverted; (D) pleurembolic proboscis everted; (E) pleurembolic proboscis introverted; (F) intraembolic proboscis extended; (G) intraembolic proboscis retracted; (H) polyembolic proboscis everted; (I) polyembolic proboscis introverted; (J) "argobucciniform" proboscis extended; (K) "argobucciniform" proboscis retracted. A–E modified from Fretter and Graham (1994, Figure 88); F–I modified from Miller (1989, Figure 3); J–K modified from Day (1969, Figure 1).
Figure 3 in The evolutionary and biomechanical implications of snout and proboscis morphology in Caenogastropoda (Mollusca: Gastropoda)
Figure 3. Transverse histological sections through the snout of four caenogastropod taxa. (A) Pomacea bridgesii (Ampullariidae) snout (A); P. bridgesii snout wall; (C) Pupina robusta (Pupinidae) snout; (D) P. robusta snout wall; (E) Batillaria australis (Batillariidae) snout; (F) B. australis snout wall; (G) Cerithium columna (Cerithiidae) snout; (H) C. columna aortic muscles; (I) C. columna snout wall. Scale bars: (A, C, E, G, H) 1 mm; (B, D, E, I) 100 µm; for abbreviations see Appendix 2.
Figure 5 in The evolutionary and biomechanical implications of snout and proboscis morphology in Caenogastropoda (Mollusca: Gastropoda)
Figure 5. Transverse histological sections through the snout of four caenogastropod taxa. (A) Rissoina crassa (Rissoidae) snout; (B) R. crassa circumoesophageal nerve ring and aortic muscles (C) R. crassa snout wall; (D) Edgbastonia alanwillsi (Hydrobiidae) snout; (E) E. alanwillsi snout wall; (F) Vanikoro cancellata (Vanikoridae) snout; (G) V. cancellata snout wall; (H) Bostrycapulus pritzkeri (Calyptraeidae) snout; (I) B. pritzkeri snout wall. Scale bars: (A, B, D, H) 200 µm; (C, E, G, I) 50 µm; (F) 1 mm; for abbreviations see Appendix 2.
Figure 13 in The evolutionary and biomechanical implications of snout and proboscis morphology in Caenogastropoda (Mollusca: Gastropoda)
Figure 13. Diagrams of snout and proboscis wall structure. (A) Pomacea bridgesii (Ampullariidae); (B) Cerithium columna (Cerithiidae); (C) Opalia ballinensis (Epitoniidae); (D) Carinaria cristata (Carinariidae); (E) Mitra carbonaria (Mitridae); (F) Strombus gibberulus (Strombidae); (G) Monetaria annulus (Cypraeidae); (H) Vasum turbinellum (Turbinellidae); (I) Cabestana spengleri (Ranellidae); (J) Semicassis pyrum (Tonnidae); (K) Ficus subintermedia (Ficidae).
Figure 10 in The evolutionary and biomechanical implications of snout and proboscis morphology in Caenogastropoda (Mollusca: Gastropoda)
Figure 10. Transverse histological sections through the proboscis of three neogastropods. (A) Euplica scripta (Columbellidae) introverted proboscis; (B) E. scripta ventrolateral proboscis retractor muscles; (C) E. scripta proboscis wall; (D) Conus papilliferus (Conidae) retracted proboscis; (E) C. papilliferus ventrolateral proboscis retractor muscles; (F) C. papilliferus proboscis wall; (G) Cymbiola pulchra (Volutidae) everted proboscis; (H) C. pulchra proboscis wall. Scale bars: (A, B, G, H) 500 µm; (D, E) 1 mm; (C, F) 50 µm, for abbreviations see Appendix 2.
Figure 11 in The evolutionary and biomechanical implications of snout and proboscis morphology in Caenogastropoda (Mollusca: Gastropoda)
Figure 11. Transverse histological sections through the proboscis of four muricoidean neogastropods. (A) Vasum turbinellum (Turbinellidae) introverted proboscis and ventrolateral proboscis retractor muscles; (B) V. turbinellum accessory retractor muscles; (C) V. turbinellum proboscis wall (D) Mitra carbonaria (Mitridae) proboscis and epiproboscis; (E) M. carbonaria proboscis wall; (F) Mesoginella translucida (Marginellidae) introverted proboscis and ventrolateral proboscis retractor muscles; (G) M. translucida aortic muscles; (H) M. translucida proboscis wall; (I) Morula marginalba (Muricidae) introverted proboscis and aortic muscles (J) M. marginalba circumoesophageal nerve ring and ventral odontophoral retractor muscles; (K) M. marginalba proboscis wall. Scale bars: (A, B, D, I) 1 mm; (C, E, F, J) 200 µm; (G, H, K) 50 µm; for abbreviations see Appendix 2.
FIGURE 5 in A phylogeny and evolutionary natural history of mesoamerican toads (Anura: Bufonidae: Incilius) based on morphology, life history, and molecular data
FIGURE 5. Bayesian analyses of the non-molecular (44 characters) and molecular data (5,898 bp) combined. Analyses were run for 50 x 106 generations, sampling every 1000, with the first 10,000 trees discarded as burn-in, posterior probabilities are shown for branches supported by> 0.50. The taxon Incilius sp. nov. is described by Mendelson et al. (in press).
FIGURE 4 in A phylogeny and evolutionary natural history of mesoamerican toads (Anura: Bufonidae: Incilius) based on morphology, life history, and molecular data
FIGURE 4. Parsimony analyses of the combined non-molecular (44 characters) and molecular data (5,898 bp). A strict consensus of two trees is shown, with bootstrap values> 50 based on 1000 replicates, with 100 random additions per replicate. The taxon Incilius sp. nov. is described by Mendelson et al. (in press).
FIGURE 3 in A phylogeny and evolutionary natural history of mesoamerican toads (Anura: Bufonidae: Incilius) based on morphology, life history, and molecular data
FIGURE 3. Bayesian consensus of the combined mtDNA and nuclear data (5,898 bp). Analyses were based on 50 x 106 generations, sampling every 1000, with the first 10,000 trees discarded as burn-in, posterior probabilities are shown for branches supported by> 0.50. The taxon Incilius sp. nov. is described by Mendelson et al. (in press).
FIGURE 6 in A phylogeny and evolutionary natural history of mesoamerican toads (Anura: Bufonidae: Incilius) based on morphology, life history, and molecular data
FIGURE 6. Summary hypothesis for the phylogenetic relationships among all known species of Incilius. Taxa indicated by an asterisk (*) and dashed lines were not included in our analyses because of lack of material available; their positions shown here are tentative, based on other lines of evidence (see Discussion). We hope that samples of these missing taxa may become available in the future, so that this hypothesis may be tested. The taxon Incilius sp. nov. is described by Mendelson et al. (in press).
FIGURE 2 in A phylogeny and evolutionary natural history of mesoamerican toads (Anura: Bufonidae: Incilius) based on morphology, life history, and molecular data
FIGURE 2. Parsimony analyses of the combined mtDNA and nuclear data (5,898 bp). A strict consensus of two trees is shown, with bootstrap values> 50 based on 1000 replicates, each with 100 random additions per replicate. The taxon Incilius sp. nov. is described by Mendelson et al. (in press).
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Allen Brain Atlas
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