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opencc-zeroDec 2011View details →

Data from: Analysis of genome-wide structure, diversity and fine mapping of Mendelian traits in traditional and village chickens

Extensive phenotypic variation is a common feature among village chickens found throughout much of the developing world, and in traditional chicken breeds that have been artificially selected for traits such as plumage variety. We present here an assessment of traditional and village chicken populations, for fine mapping of Mendelian traits using genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping while providing information on their genetic structure and diversity. Bayesian clustering analysis reveals two main genetic backgrounds in traditional breeds, Kenyan, Ethiopian and Chilean village chickens. Analysis of linkage disequilibrium (LD) reveals useful LD (r2greater than or equal to0.3) in both traditional and village chickens at pairwise marker distances of ~10 Kb; while haplotype block analysis indicates a median block size of 11–12 Kb. Association mapping yielded refined mapping intervals for duplex comb (Gga 2:38.55–38.89 Mb) and rose comb (Gga 7:18.41–22.09 Mb) phenotypes in traditional breeds. Combined mapping information from traditional breeds and Chilean village chicken allows the oocyan phenotype to be fine mapped to two small regions (Gga 1:67.25–67.28 Mb, Gga 1:67.28–67.32 Mb) totalling ~75 Kb. Mapping the unmapped earlobe pigmentation phenotype supports previous findings that the trait is sex-linked and polygenic. A critical assessment of the number of SNPs required to map simple traits indicate that between 90 and 110K SNPs are required for full genome-wide analysis of haplotype block structure/ancestry, and for association mapping in both traditional and village chickens. Our results demonstrate the importance and uniqueness of phenotypic diversity and genetic structure of traditional chicken breeds for fine-scale mapping of Mendelian traits in the species, with village chicken populations providing further opportunities to enhance mapping resolutions.

opencc-zeroDec 2013View details →

Data from: Cultural transmission of tool use combined with habitat specializations leads to fine-scale genetic structure in bottlenose dolphins

[No abstract entered]

opencc-zeroDec 2013View details →

Data from: Causes and consequences of fine-scale population structure in a critically endangered freshwater seal

[No abstract entered]

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2009View details →

Text-fig. 4. Patelliconus primulus (BARRANDE in PERNER, 1903). Specimen MHBR 2418, revultex impression. A – apical view showing the early shell and earliest stages of teleoconch. Note patches of shell with irregular incremental structures; B – left lateral view; C – oblique left apicolateral view showing finely ribbed early shell and patches of shell in earliest stages of teleoconch, all ×....... Šárka F., Osek near Rokycany. in Patelliconus Horný, 1961 And Mytoconula Gen. N. (Mollusca, Tergomya) From The Ordovician Of Perunica

Text-fig. 4. Patelliconus primulus (BARRANDE in PERNER, 1903). Specimen MHBR 2418, revultex impression. A – apical view showing the early shell and earliest stages of teleoconch. Note patches of shell with irregular incremental structures; B – left lateral view; C – oblique left apicolateral view showing finely ribbed early shell and patches of shell in earliest stages of teleoconch, all ×....... Šárka F., Osek near Rokycany.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2008View details →

Fig. 2 in An Atlas Of Book Lung Fine Structure In The Order Scorpiones (Arachnida)

Fig. 2. Broteochactas delicatus (Karsch, 1879), 1 juv. ³ (AMNH), KOH-macerated cuticle: dorsal view of internal aspect of ventral mesosoma, showing location of book lungs.

opencc-zeroJul 2021View details →

Data from: Fine-scale spatial genetic structure across the species range reflects recent colonization of high elevation habitats in silver fir (Abies alba Mill.)

Variation in genetic diversity across species ranges has long been recognized as highly informative for assessing populations' resilience and adaptive potential. The spatial distribution of genetic diversity within populations, referred to as fine-scale spatial genetic structure (FSGS), also carries information about recent demographic changes, yet it has rarely been connected to range scale processes. We studied eight silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) population pairs (sites), growing at high and low elevations, representative of the main genetic lineages of the species. A total of 1368 adult trees and 540 seedlings were genotyped using 137 and 116 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), respectively. Sites revealed a clear east-west isolation-by-distance pattern consistent with the post-glacial colonization history of the species. Genetic differentiation among sites (FCT=0.148) was an order of magnitude greater than between elevations within sites (FSC=0.031), nevertheless high elevation populations consistently exhibited a stronger FSGS. Structural equation modeling revealed that elevation and, to a lesser extent, post-glacial colonization history, but not climatic and habitat variables, were the best predictors of FSGS across populations. These results suggest that high elevation habitats have been colonized more recently across the species range. Additionally, paternity analysis revealed a high reproductive skew among adults and a stronger FSGS in seedlings than in adults, suggesting that FSGS may conserve the signature of demographic changes for several generations. Our results emphasize that spatial patterns of genetic diversity within populations provide information about demographic history complementary to non-spatial statistics, and could be used for genetic diversity monitoring, especially in forest trees.

Fig. 9 in The morphology and fine structure of the Ordovician Cephalodiscus-like genus Melanostrophus

Fig. 9. Melanostrophus fokini Öpik, 1930; Upper Ordovician (Kukruse Stage, C β), Ubja (Estonia); ZPAL Pb 6/1. SEM micrograph showing differ2 ent types of periderm perforation. Abbreviations: l, large opening, m, medium opening, s, small opening.

Fig. 1 in The morphology and fine structure of the Ordovician Cephalodiscus-like genus Melanostrophus

Fig. 1. Melanostrophus fokini Öpik, 1930. Upper Ordovician (Kukruse Stage, C β), Ubja (Estonia). Fragment of the specimen, preserved in the limestone 2 matrix; ZPAL Pb 6/1. SEM micrographs. A. Fragment of a middle part of the colony made of rather closely packed tubes. B, C. Lateral offshoots of the tubes. D. Tubes connected with the anastomosis. E. Part of a distal portion of the colony made of loosely arranged tubes. F. Bifurcation of the tube. Abbreviations: a, anastomosis; b, bundle of tubes; m, matrix; o, lateral offshoot of the tube; t, tube. Arrows in B indicate fusellar sutures or their impressions.

Fig. 6 in The morphology and fine structure of the Ordovician Cephalodiscus-like genus Melanostrophus

Fig. 6. Melanostrophus fokini Öpik, 1930; Upper Ordovician (Kukruse Stage, C β), Ubja (Estonia); ZPAL Pb 6/1. SEM micrographs. A–C. De2 tails of ectocortex. Abbreviations: b, bundle of cortical fibrils; cf, cortical fibril; h, homogenous material within the cortical tissue.

Fig. 4 in The morphology and fine structure of the Ordovician Cephalodiscus-like genus Melanostrophus

Fig. 4. Melanostrophus fokini Öpik, 1930; Upper Ordovician (Kukruse Stage, C β Ubja); ZPAL Pb 6/1. TEM micrographs. A, B. Transverse sec2 tions of the tube wall showing homogenous and fibrillar ultratructure. Abbreviations: f, fibril; h, homogenous material.