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FIGURE 4. Discriminant function analysis depicting morphological differentiation within the C. vittatus-hansenae group. Close grey circle indicates C. vittatus Group II. Open circle denotes C. hansenae Group I. Closed black circle represents C. hansenae Group II in Re-evaluating the taxonomic status of Chiromantis in Thailand using multiple lines of evidence (Amphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae)
FIGURE 4. Discriminant function analysis depicting morphological differentiation within the C. vittatus-hansenae group. Close grey circle indicates C. vittatus Group II. Open circle denotes C. hansenae Group I. Closed black circle represents C. hansenae Group II.
Fig. 5 in Reflex-bleeding in the Firefly Pyrocoelia pectoralis (Coleoptera: Lampyridae): Morphological Basis and Possible Function
Fig. 5. Effectiveness of repellency of extract-treated filter paper discs on ant workers in a choice situation. Each bar represents the mean ± SD number of ants in contact with the filter paper disc during a 30 min period. Hatched bars: untreated filter paper; empty bars: solvent-treated filter paper; black bars: extract-treated filter paper. Each experiment was evaluated by a pairwise comparisons t-test; **, P, 0.01; *, P, 0.05; n.s., no significant difference. Monomorium pharaonis (A) and Polyrhachis vicina (B).
Fig. 3 in Reflex-bleeding in the Firefly Pyrocoelia pectoralis (Coleoptera: Lampyridae): Morphological Basis and Possible Function
Fig. 3. Phase contrast microscopic comparison of exuded droplets from pronotal margin (a) and haemolymph (b) of male adult (different haemocytes are visible). Scale bar 5 20 Mm.
Fig. 4 in Reflex-bleeding in the Firefly Pyrocoelia pectoralis (Coleoptera: Lampyridae): Morphological Basis and Possible Function
Fig. 4. SDS-PAGE electrophoresis of exuded fluid. Exuded fluid from pronotal margins (RF1), exuded fluid from elytral margins (RF2), and haemolymph from adult severed legs of firefly Pyrocoelia pectoralis (H).
Figure 14 in REVIEW Going underwater: multiple origins and functional morphology of piercing-sucking feeding and tracheal system adaptations in water scavenger beetle larvae (Coleoptera: Hydrophiloidea)
Figure 14. Summary of the main structures related with apneustic respiratory system. A–C, Berosus decolor Knisch, 1924, light microscope photograph: A, habitus, first-instar larva, dorsal view; B; terminal spiracle, third-instar larva, dorsal view; C; detail of the abdominal spiracular trachea and tracheal gill, dorsal view. D, Berosus pallipes Brullé, 1841, abdominal spiracle, third-instar larva, dorsal view. E–H, Berosus sp., third-instar larva, SEM micrograph: E, spiracular chamber, ventral view; F; first abdominal segment bearing tracheal gill, dorsal view; G, detail of tracheal gill surface; H, abdominal spiracle. I, J, Hemiosus bruchi Knisch, 1924, third-instar larva, SEM micrograph: I, last abdominal segments, dorsal view; J, abdominal spiracle. K, Hemiosus multimaculatus (Jensen-Haarup, 1910), spiracular chamber, third-instar larva, ventral view.
Figure 15 in REVIEW Going underwater: multiple origins and functional morphology of piercing-sucking feeding and tracheal system adaptations in water scavenger beetle larvae (Coleoptera: Hydrophiloidea)
Figure 15. Phylogeny of the Hydrophiloidea with mapped evolution of tracheal system (A) and mouthparts (B, C). Two alternative ancestral state reconstructions of mouthparts, considering mouthparts of the Pelthydrus-group as: B, piercingsucking; C, chewing (only tribe Laccobiini shown). D, number of species of aquatic genera of Hydrophilidae with known larvae. Colors of branches/bars/pie-charts indicate functional morphology of mouthparts (red = piercing-sucking, blue = chewing, green = filter-feeding) and development of the tracheal system (grey = open; orange = closed).
Figure 12 in REVIEW Going underwater: multiple origins and functional morphology of piercing-sucking feeding and tracheal system adaptations in water scavenger beetle larvae (Coleoptera: Hydrophiloidea)
Figure 12. Schematic drawing of the piercing-sucking feeding mechanism: 1, sucking channel; 2, epistomal-mandibular coupling system; 3, flexible area.
Figure 13 in REVIEW Going underwater: multiple origins and functional morphology of piercing-sucking feeding and tracheal system adaptations in water scavenger beetle larvae (Coleoptera: Hydrophiloidea)
Figure 13. Summary of the main structures related with metapneustic respiratory system. A, Tropisternus latus (Brullé, 1837), spiracular chamber, first-instar larva, light microscope photograph, dorsal view. B, Helochares ventricosus Bruch, 1915, spiracular chamber, first-instar larva, light microscope photograph, dorsal view. C, Tropisternus latus (Brullé, 1837), spiracular chamber, first-instar larva, light microscope photograph, dorsal view. D, Helochares ventricosus Bruch, 1915, abdominal spiracle, first-instar larva, light microscope photograph, dorsal view. E–H, Tropisternus setiger Germar, 1824, SEM micrograph: E, spiracular chamber, third-instar larva, ventral view; F, detail of the terminal spiracle with dust filter, third-instar larva, ventral view; G, abdominal spiracle, first-instar larva, dorsal view; H, detail of the closed abdominal spiracles, first-instar larva, dorsal view. I, J, Oocyclus iguazu (Oliva 1996) third-instar larva, SEM micrograph: I, spiracular chamber, dorsal view; J, biforous abdominal spiracle, dorsal view. K, Laccobius kunashiricus Shatrovskiy, 1984, spiracular chamber, third-instar larva, SEM micrograph, dorsal view.
Figure 11 in REVIEW Going underwater: multiple origins and functional morphology of piercing-sucking feeding and tracheal system adaptations in water scavenger beetle larvae (Coleoptera: Hydrophiloidea)
Figure 11. Summary of the main structures related with piercing-sucking feeding mechanism, SEM micrograph. A, B, Berosus sp., third-instar larva: A, lobular-mandibular coupling system, dorsal view; B, detail of lobular-mandibular coupling system, ventral view. C, Laccobius (Microlaccobius) sp., third-instar larva, left epistomal lobe, dorsal view.
Figure 10 in REVIEW Going underwater: multiple origins and functional morphology of piercing-sucking feeding and tracheal system adaptations in water scavenger beetle larvae (Coleoptera: Hydrophiloidea)
Figure 10. Frame sequences of videos showing feeding behavior. A, Tropisternus latus Brullé, 1837, note that the larvae raise the head out of water while feeding. B, Hydrophilus (Dibolocelus) palpalis Brullé, 1837. C, Hemiosus dejeanii (Solier, 1849). D, Oocyclus magnifica Hebauer & Wang, 1998. See also Supporting Information, Videos S1–S4.
Figure 5 in REVIEW Going underwater: multiple origins and functional morphology of piercing-sucking feeding and tracheal system adaptations in water scavenger beetle larvae (Coleoptera: Hydrophiloidea)
Figure 5. Labroclypeal region of larvae with chewing feeding system, SEM micrograph, dorsal view. A, Tropisternus acaragua Bachmann, 1969, first-instar larva. B, Hydrochara caraboides (Linnaeus, 1758), first-instar larva. C, Hydrophilus (Dibolocelus) palpalis Brullé, 1837, second-instar larva. D, Derallus paranensis Oliva, 1981, first instar larva. E, Helochares ventricosus Bruch, 1915, first-instar larva. F, Hydroglobus puncticolle Bruch, 1915, third-instar larva. G, Dactylosternum cacti (LeConte, 1855), third-instar larva. H, Cercyon quisquilius (Linnaeus, 1761), third-instar larva, white arrow indicates labroclypeal notch. Colours: light blue, frontoclypeal region; green, gFR1, group of sensilla of nasale; violet, gFR2, group of sensilla of epistomal lobe.
Figure 1 in REVIEW Going underwater: multiple origins and functional morphology of piercing-sucking feeding and tracheal system adaptations in water scavenger beetle larvae (Coleoptera: Hydrophiloidea)
Figure 1. Head capsule of larvae with chewing (A–C) and piercing-sucking (D–I) feeding system, SEM micrograph, dorsal view. A, Hydrophilus (Dibolocelus) palpalis Brullé, 1837, second-instar larva. B, Tropisternus setiger Germar, 1824, firstinstar larva. C, Derallus paranensis Oliva, 1981, first instar larva. D, Berosus sp., third-instar larva. E, Hemiosus bruchi Knisch, 1924, third-instar larva. F, Oocyclus iguazu (Oliva 1996), third-instar larva. G, Laccobius kunashiricus Shatrovskiy, 1984, third-instar larva. H, Hybogralius hartmeyeri (Régimbart, 1908), third-instar larva, light microscope photograph. I, Epimetopus mendeli Fikáček et al. 2011, first-instar larva.
Figure 6 in REVIEW Going underwater: multiple origins and functional morphology of piercing-sucking feeding and tracheal system adaptations in water scavenger beetle larvae (Coleoptera: Hydrophiloidea)
Figure 6. Labroclypeal region of Hemiosus larvae. A, B, Hemiosus bruchi Knisch, 1924, third-instar larva, SEM micrograph, dorsal view: A, labroclypeus; B, left epistomal lobe. C–E, Hemiosus multimaculatus (Jensen-Haarup, 1910), third-instar larva, dorsal view: C, left epistomal lobe, SEM micrograph; D, detail of gFR2 serrated setae, SEM micrograph; E, left epistomal lobe, light microscope photograph. Abbreviations: EpLb, epistomal lobe; NS, nasale. Colours: light blue, frontoclypeal region; green, gFR1, group of sensilla of nasale; violet, gFR2, group of sensilla of epistomal lobe.
Figure 9 in REVIEW Going underwater: multiple origins and functional morphology of piercing-sucking feeding and tracheal system adaptations in water scavenger beetle larvae (Coleoptera: Hydrophiloidea)
Figure 9. Labium of larvae with chewing (A–B) and piercing-sucking (C–D) feeding system, dorsal view. A, Enochrus sp., first-instar larva, SEM micrograph. B, Derallus sp., first-instar larva, SEM micrograph. C, Berosus sp., third-instar larva, SEM micrograph. D, Oocyclus sapphirus Short & García, 2010, first-instar larva, light microscope photograph.
Figure 3. Piercing-sucking mandibles. A–C in REVIEW Going underwater: multiple origins and functional morphology of piercing-sucking feeding and tracheal system adaptations in water scavenger beetle larvae (Coleoptera: Hydrophiloidea)
Figure 3. Piercing-sucking mandibles. A–C, Berosus patruelis Berg, 1885, first-instar larva, SEM micrograph: A, left mandible, ventral view; B, detail of mandibular teeth, ventral view; C, right mandible, dorsal view. D–F, Laccobius hammondi Gentili, 1984, third-instar larva, SEM micrograph, dorsal view: D, left mandible; E, detail of mandibular teeth; F, right mandible. G–I, Oocyclus iguazu (Oliva, 1996) third-instar larva, SEM micrograph, dorsal view; G, left mandible; H, detail of mandibular teeth; I, right mandible.
Figure 4. Piercing-sucking mandibles. A–C in REVIEW Going underwater: multiple origins and functional morphology of piercing-sucking feeding and tracheal system adaptations in water scavenger beetle larvae (Coleoptera: Hydrophiloidea)
Figure 4. Piercing-sucking mandibles. A–C, Hybogralius hartmeyeri (Régimbart, 1908), third-instar larva, light microscope photographs, dorsal view: A, left mandible; B, detail of mandibular teeth; C, right mandible. D–F, Epimetopus mendeli Fikáček et al. 2011, first-instar larva, SEM micrograph, dorsal view: D, left mandible; E, detail of mandibular teeth; F, right mandible. Abbreviations: rc1, first retinaculum; rc2, second retinaculum; rc3, third retinaculum; pt, prostheca.
Figure 2 in REVIEW Going underwater: multiple origins and functional morphology of piercing-sucking feeding and tracheal system adaptations in water scavenger beetle larvae (Coleoptera: Hydrophiloidea)
Figure 2. Chewing mandibles, SEM micrograph, dorsal view. A, Derallus sp., first-instar larva. B, Enochrus sp., firstinstar larva. C, Tropisternus sp., second-instar larva. D, Hydrophilus (Dibolocelus) palpalis Brullé, 1837, first-instar larva. E, Dactylosternum cacti (LeConte, 1855), third-instar larva. F, Cercyon quisquilius (Linnaeus, 1761), third-instar larva. Abbreviations: rc1, first retinaculum; rc2, second retinaculum; rc3, third retinaculum.
Figure 7 in REVIEW Going underwater: multiple origins and functional morphology of piercing-sucking feeding and tracheal system adaptations in water scavenger beetle larvae (Coleoptera: Hydrophiloidea)
Figure 7. Labroclypeal region of Laccobius larvae. A, B, Laccobius kunashiricus Shatrovskiy, 1984, third-instar larva, SEM micrograph, dorsal view: A, labroclypeus; B, left epistomal lobe. C–E, Laccobius (Microlaccobius) sp., third-instar larva, SEM micrograph, dorsal view: C, left epistomal lobe; D; detail of gFR2 setae; E, seta-like cuticular projections of the latero-ventral membranous lobe. Abbreviations: EpLb, epistomal lobe; NS, nasale. Colours: light blue, frontoclypeal region; green, gFR1, group of sensilla of nasale; violet, gFR2, group of sensilla of epistomal lobe.
Cranial functional specialisation for strength precedes morphological evolution in Oviraptorosauria
<p>This dataset contains 3D models (.stl), Hypermesh (.hm), and Abaqus (.odb and .rpt) files for finite element analysis on the crania of oviraptorosaurian theropod species <em>Incisivosaurus gautheri</em>, <em>Citipati osmolskae</em>, <em>Khaan mckennai</em>, and <em>Conchoraptor gracilis</em> supporting the paper ‘Cranial functional specialisation for strength precedes morphological evolution in Oviraptorosauria' published in <em>Communications Biology</em> [https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-024-06137-1].</p> <p>[Unzipped total size 47.2GB]</p>
Transcriptomic neuron types vary topographically in function and morphology. Shainer*, Kappel* et al.
<p>Data files and analysis code for Shainer, Kappel et al. are provided. Each zip file includes the relevant data, R or Python code, and session/environment information necessary to reproduce the manuscript's results and figures.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.