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Fig. 26 in Diversity and taxonomy of the Late Triassic sauropodomorphs (Saurischia, Sauropodomorpha) stored in the Palaeontological Collection of Tübingen, Germany, historically referred to Plateosaurus

Fig. 26. Illustration of specimen "GPIT Skelett II" by von Huene (new catalogue number: GPIT- PV-117990). The drawing shows that the mounted skeleton is composed of at least two individuals that von Huene identified as two different species both found in the lower dinosaur bone bed from Obere Mühle. In orange (a) are elements that were referred to as Plateosaurus erlenbergiensis von Huene, 1905, which includes both scapulae, the right humerus, some elements of the right hand, the posterior-most part of the dorsal series, the pelvis, most of the left hindlimb, a complete right hindlimb, and the caudal series – this assemblage is what Galton (2001a) identified as "GPIT IIe". In yellow (b) are elements that were referred to as Plateosaurus quenstedti von Huene, 1905, and this includes the cervical series, most of the dorsal series, the right humerus, right and left forelimbs, and some elements of the right and left hands, as well as elements of the pes. The skull is not coloured as it was a cast of the specimen in Stuttgart, SMNS 13200.

Fig. 4 in Diversity and taxonomy of the Late Triassic sauropodomorphs (Saurischia, Sauropodomorpha) stored in the Palaeontological Collection of Tübingen, Germany, historically referred to Plateosaurus

Fig. 4. The history of taxonomy of Plateosaurus Meyer, 1837 can be interpreted as having three phases. Taxonomy 1 took place during most of the 20th century and was based on stratigraphy and morphology alone. Taxonomy 2 was the subsequent revision towards the end of the 20th century and turning of the 21st century, focusing mainly on considering the limits of intraspecific variability, assuming plasticity and explaining the morphological differences as taphonomic artefacts. Taxonomy 3 is a proposed new taxonomy that requires each specimen to be compared with the holotype of the type speciesPl. trossingensis Fraas, 1913, taking into account stratigraphy, intraspecific variability, and autapomorphies. Large blue circles refer to a genus-level determination. Dashed large blue circle refers to a sensu lato definition of Plateosaurus that includes several nomina dubia as synonyms. Small geometric shapes represent different species within the genera. Edges represent comparisons.

Fig. 2 in Diversity and taxonomy of the Late Triassic sauropodomorphs (Saurischia, Sauropodomorpha) stored in the Palaeontological Collection of Tübingen, Germany, historically referred to Plateosaurus

Fig. 2. Stratigraphic section of the middle and upper Keuper of the Germanic Basin as exposed in BadenWürttemberg (right), and Bavaria and Saxony-Anhalt (both on the left). The numbers represent the findings described in the text. Zanclodon laevis (Plieninger, 1846) is restricted to an archosauromorph of uncertain affinities from the Ladinian (Erfurt Formation). Sauropodomorphs appear towards the upper part of the middle Keuper, which may be of late Carnian or early Norian age. The black silhouettes represent specimens not currently classified as Plateosaurus Meyer, 1837.

Fig. 3 in Diversity and taxonomy of the Late Triassic sauropodomorphs (Saurischia, Sauropodomorpha) stored in the Palaeontological Collection of Tübingen, Germany, historically referred to Plateosaurus

Fig. 3. Timeline showing changes in the taxonomic placement of the specimens of early-diverging sauropodomorphs considered to be Plateosaurus Meyer, 1837 from 1900 to 2004. This timeline considers only papers discussing taxonomy and papers describing and naming new species. Lines indicate continuity or change in specimen composition of species across revisions. Arrows outside the timeline indicate that the taxa were named before 1900 and / or are still valid after 2004. When more lines depart from one node, part of the specimens included in that species were referred to as different species. Lines converging in one node indicate that the specimens were lumped together into the species in the node. Stars at the end of a line indicate that in the taxonomic revision, the name became either a nomen dubium or a nomen nudum. Lines continuing after this point indicate that the specimens were referred to the new node. This timeline does not include specimens removed from the genus Plateosaurus, namely Efraasia (von Huene, 1907–1908), Ruehleia Galton, 2001, Camelotia Galton, 1985 and Tuebingosaurus Regalado Fernández & Werneburg, 2022. The green lines correspond to species that have been synonymized with Pl. trossingensis Fraas, 1913, and the blue lines correspond to those that have been synonymized with Pl. gracilis (von Huene, 1905). The orange-red lines refer to species removed from Sauropodomorpha Huene, 1932 altogether. Changes after 2004 are discussed in the text.

Fig. 1 in Diversity and taxonomy of the Late Triassic sauropodomorphs (Saurischia, Sauropodomorpha) stored in the Palaeontological Collection of Tübingen, Germany, historically referred to Plateosaurus

Fig. 1. Map showing the city of Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg, in the centre of the localities of the specimens described in this paper. The second map places Baden-Württemberg within Germany. The timeline shows the chronology in which the specimens were first excavated but not described. The date of the excavation of 'Zanclodon' is the only one that is not certain (see Results – Mid-19th century). Map data: Google, GeoBasis-DE / BKG.

Fig. 19 in Diversity and taxonomy of the Late Triassic sauropodomorphs (Saurischia, Sauropodomorpha) stored in the Palaeontological Collection of Tübingen, Germany, historically referred to Plateosaurus

Fig. 19 (see next page). Material of specimen "GPIT 18318a" on a reconstruction of 'Sellosaurus gracilis' as drawn by von Huene (1907: pl. 107); specimen "GPIT 18318a" is referred to as 'Sellosaurus hermannianus', and the elements reported as missing are based on what was reported by von Huene (1915). A. GPIT-PV-111900, skull, still embedded in the matrix. B. GPIT-PV-60523, cervical 2 in ventral view. C. GPIT-PV-60535, postzygapophyses of cervical 3 in right lateral view. D. GPIT-PV-60537, cervical 4 in left lateral view. E. GPIT-PV-60525, cervical 5 in right lateral view. F. GPIT-PV-60521, cervical 6 in left lateral view. G. GPIT-PV-60531, cervical 7 in left lateral view. H. GPIT-PV-60522, cervical 8 in right lateral view. I. GPIT-PV-60503, cervical 9 in dorsal view, still in matrix. J. GPIT-PV-60536, cervical 10 in right lateral view. K. GPIT-PV-60530, dorsal 1 in lateral view. L. GPIT-PV-60534, dorsal 1 in dorsal view. M. GPIT-PV-60257, dorsal 3 in ventral view. N. GPIT-PV-60532, partial dorsal 4 and dorsal 5 in ventral view. O. GPIT-PV-60526, dorsal 6 in ventral view. P. GPIT-PV-60533, dorsal 7 in ventral view. Q. GPIT-PV-60528, posterior half of the dorsal 8 in ventral view. R. GPIT-PV-60520, dorsals 11, 12 and 13 in ventral view. S. GPIT-PV-60446, possibly a sacral vertebra in ventral view, but it was not reported as part of the same specimen. T. GPIT-PV-60524, neural arch of a dorsal vertebra in dorsal view. U. GPIT-PV-60512, right scapula, with a cast taken from the negative mould of the original matrix in medial view. V. GPIT-PV-60514, left humerus in anterior view. W. GPIT-PV-60515, right radius in lateral view, metacarpals I to V in anterior view, and phalanx I.1 in anterior view. X. GPIT-PV-60529, partial phalanx, the cast was a mould produced from the original negative mould where the specimen was found. Y. GPIT-PV-60434, ungual (possibly pedal ungual). Z. GPIT-PV-60504, block with ribs. AA. GPIT-PV-60502, block with gastralia. AB. GPIT-PV-60442, rib fragment. AC. GPIT-PV-60443, rib fragment. AD. GPIT-PV-60444, rib fragment. AE. GPIT-PV-60439, rib fragment. AF. GPIT-PV-60441, rib fragment. AG. GPIT-PV-60438, rib fragment. AH. GPIT-PV-60437, rib fragment. AI. GPIT-PV-60436, rib fragment. AJ. GPIT-PV-60440, rib fragments. The human skeleton represents a height of 1.75 m, as originally drawn by von Huene (1907: pl. 107), the relative size of the reconstructed sauropodomorph is 3.5 m. Reconstruction and photographs made by the authors, with photos taken on the labelled side or on the side that was illustrated in the past. 38

Fig. 10 in Diversity and taxonomy of the Late Triassic sauropodomorphs (Saurischia, Sauropodomorpha) stored in the Palaeontological Collection of Tübingen, Germany, historically referred to Plateosaurus

Fig. 10 (see next page). A–S. Holotype of Gresslyosaurus robustus described by von Huene (1907) and illustrated on the reconstruction of Gresslyosaurus 'plieningeri' redrawn from von Huene (1907: pl. 104). A. GPIT-PV-60195, posterior half of a cervical vertebra in anterior view. B. GPIT-PV-60188, posterior half of a dorsal vertebra in anterior view. C. GPIT-PV-60183, posterior dorsal vertebra in lateral view. D. GPIT-PV-60184, posterior dorsal vertebra in lateral view. E. GPIT-PV-60180, second sacral vertebra in ventrolateral view. F. GPIT-PV-60192, articulated manual digit (three non-terminal phalanges and one ungual) in medial view. G. GPIT-PV-60292, distal part of the right femur in posterolateral view. H. GPIT- PV-60181, proximal half of the left fibula in lateral view. I. GPIT-PV-60206 and GPIT-PV-60207, proximal and distal portions of a tibia in medial view. J. GPIT-PV-60191, distal tarsal in distal view. K. GPIT- PV-60194, two pedal phalanges fused together in anteromedial view. L. GPIT-PV-60177, two non-terminal phalanges and one ungual in anterior view. M. GPIT-PV-60186, pedal ungual phalanx in lateral view. N. GPIT-PV-60190, two pedal phalanges fused together in dorsal view. O. GPIT-PV-60312, pedal phalanx in dorsal view. P. GPIT-PV-60187, pedal ungual phalanx in medial view. Q. GPIT-PV-60309, partial pedal ungual phalanx in medial view. R. GPIT-PV-60189, two pedal phalanges fused together in dorsal view. S. GPIT-PV-60208, astragalus in medial and dorsal views. T–AF. Fragments belonging to a smaller individual (von Huene 1907: 137). T. GPIT-PV-60193, large ungual phalanx with distal portion of the phalanx. Q. GPIT-PV-60258, indeterminate bone fragment. V. GPIT-PV-60301, partial centrum. W. GPIT-PV-60302, two fragmentary pieces of what has been identified as the proximal ends of metatarsal II and I in lateral views. X. GPIT-PV-60303, two fragmentary pieces of what has been identified as the distal ends of metatarsal II and IV in lateral views. Y. GPIT-PV-60304, shaft of a long bone, possibly a fibula. Z. GPIT-PV-60305, proximal portion of the metatarsal IV. AA. GPIT-PV-60306, three pieces of vertebra, although not from the same element: an articular surface, a neural arch and a fragment of a non-articular margin of the centrum. AB. GPIT-PV-60307, two pieces of vertebra, not from the same element. AC. GPIT-PV-60311, pedal phalanx. AD. GPIT-PV-60314, pedal phalanx. AE. GPIT-PV-60315, pedal ungual III.5. AF. GPIT-PV-60345, metatarsal III. AG. GPIT-PV-60218, right femoral head in anteromedial view, catalogued as part of the Trossingen material by Weishampel in 1983, but with the same preservation than Bebenhausen. The human skeleton represents a height of 1.75 m, as originally drawn by von Huene (1907: pl. 103), the relative size of the reconstructed sauropodomorph is 4.5 m. Reconstruction and photographs made by the authors, with photos taken on the labelled side or on the side that was illustrated in the past.

Fig. 7 in Diversity and taxonomy of the Late Triassic sauropodomorphs (Saurischia, Sauropodomorpha) stored in the Palaeontological Collection of Tübingen, Germany, historically referred to Plateosaurus

Fig. 7 (see next page). Holotype of Plateosaurus 'quenstedti' described by von Huene (1907) and illustrated on the reconstruction of Plateosaurus 'quenstedti' redrawn from von Huene (1907: pl. 102). A. GPITPV-60168, atlas in ventral view. B. GPIT-PV-60162, axis in left lateral view. C. GPIT-PV-60164, cervical 5 in left lateral view. D. GPIT-PV-60156, centrum of putative cervical 6 in right lateral view. E. GPITPV-60155, partial cervical 8 in left lateral view. F. GPIT-PV-60154, anterior dorsal (presumed dorsal 4) in left lateral view. G. GPIT-PV-60152, left scapula in medial view. H. GPIT-PV-60159, postzygapophyses attached to the prezygapophyses of dorsal vertebra (presumed dorsal 14) in posterior view. I. GPITPV-60153, right pubis in anterior view. J. GPIT-PV-60151, left femur, reconstructed shaft, in posterior view. K. GPIT-PV-60172, right ulna in anterolateral view. L. GPIT-PV-60163, left ulna in anterolateral view. M. GPIT-PV-60150, proximal half of the right femur in posterior view. N. GPIT-PV-60170, left fibula in lateral view. O. GPIT-PV-60165, proximal and distal ends of metatarsal II in posterior view. P. GPIT-PV-60171, proximal and distal ends of metatarsal III in posterior view. Q. GPIT-PV-60161, pedal ungual III with distal end of phalanx III.3 in lateral view. R. GPIT-PV-60157, phalanx, presumed pedal phalanx IV.2 in dorsal view. S. GPIT-PV-60158, phalanx, possibly pedal phalanx IV.3 in dorsal view. The human skeleton represents a height of 1.75 m, as originally drawn by von Huene (1907: pl. 102), the relative size of the reconstructed sauropodomorph is 2 m. Reconstruction and photographs made by the authors, with photos taken on the labelled side or on the side that was illustrated in the past.

Fig. 24 in Diversity and taxonomy of the Late Triassic sauropodomorphs (Saurischia, Sauropodomorpha) stored in the Palaeontological Collection of Tübingen, Germany, historically referred to Plateosaurus

Fig. 24 (see next page). Skeletal elements of specimen GPIT-PV-30784 historically known as "GPIT I". A–B. GPIT-PV-111840, skull. A. In left lateral view. B. In right lateral view. C. GPIT-PV-60260, hyoid bones. D. GPIT-PV-60336, sternal plates. E. GPIT-PV-60223, six distal caudals with chevrons. F. GPIT- PV-60256, half of a distal caudal. G. GPIT-PV-60223, four distal caudals with chevrons. H. GPIT- PV-60257, capitulum and tuberculum of left dorsal 15. I. GPIT-PV-60274, manual phalanx. J. GPIT- PV-60275, manual phalanx. K. GPIT-PV-60276, manual phalanx. L. GPIT-PV-60339, ungual I.1. M. GPIT-PV-60254, distal tarsal. N. GPIT-PV-60253, manual phalanx. O. GPIT-PV-60277, manual phalanx. P. GPIT-PV-60278, manual phalanx. Q. GPIT-PV-60337, manual phalanges V.1 and V.2. R. GPIT-PV-60338, distal carpal. S. Mounted skeleton, photograph taken in the ca 1960 (archive photo UAT 678/73); the skull on display is a cast from the skull of specimen SMNS 13200.

Fig. 16 in Diversity and taxonomy of the Late Triassic sauropodomorphs (Saurischia, Sauropodomorpha) stored in the Palaeontological Collection of Tübingen, Germany, historically referred to Plateosaurus

Fig. 16 (see next page). Material from Aixheim referred to as Teratosaurus 'suevicus'. The holotype of T. suevicus Mayer, 1861 is a right maxilla currently stored in the Natural History Museum of London (NHMUK PV OR 38646). Dashed lines refer to elements that cannot be unequivocally linked to the anatomical position suggested in von Huene's (1907) plates. A. GPIT-PV-60394, fragment of a presumed postzygapophyses from a cervical vertebra in left lateral view. B. GPIT-PV-60374, fragment of a diapophysis of the atlas in left lateral view. C. GPIT-PV-60373, centrum of the anterior dorsal vertebra in left lateral view. D. GPIT-PV-60384, centrum of a presumed posterior dorsal vertebra in left lateral view. E. GPIT-PV-60377, sacral vertebra in posterior view. F. GPIT-PV-60378, sacral vertebra in ventral view. G. GPIT-PV-60382, caudosacral vertebra in left lateral view. H. GPIT-PV-60383, anterior caudal vertebra in left lateral view. I. GPIT-PV-60381, deformed anterior caudal vertebra. J. GPIT-PV-60385, caudal vertebra in left lateral view. K. GPIT-PV-60388, centrum of caudal vertebra in right lateral view. L. GPIT-PV-60389, centrum of caudal vertebra in left lateral view. M. GPIT-PV-60387, centrum of caudal vertebra in left lateral view. N. GPIT-PV-60386, centrum of caudal vertebra in left lateral view. O. GPIT-PV-60397, centrum of caudal vertebra in left lateral view. P. GPIT-PV-60376, left metacarpal I in anterior view. Q. GPIT-PV-60395, fragments, possibly of the left fibula in lateral view. R. GPIT- PV-60396, presumed fragment of the distal left tibia in distal view. S. GPIT-PV-60372, distal tarsal in proximal view. T. GPIT-PV-60369, deformed astragalus in anterior view. U. GPIT-PV-60371, distal tarsal in proximal view. V. GPIT-PV-60370, pedal phalanx III.1 in anterior view. W. GPIT-PV-60366, right metatarsal I in anterior view. X. GPIT-PV-60365, right metatarsal II in anterior view. Y. GPIT- PV-60368, right metatarsal III in anterior view. Z. GPIT-PV-60393, presumed fragment of the proximal right tibia in left lateral view. AA. GPIT-PV-60391, fragments of chevrons, possibly from the anterior caudal vertebrae, in lateral view. AB. GPIT-PV-60364, presumed right ungual I.1, stored in the same compartment, unequivocally identified as such by von Huene (1907). The human skeleton represents a height of 1.75 m, as originally drawn by von Huene (1907: pl. 106), the relative size of the reconstructed sauropodomorph is 4.5 m. Reconstruction and photographs made by the authors, with photos taken on the labelled side or on the side that was illustrated in the past.

Fig. 21 in Diversity and taxonomy of the Late Triassic sauropodomorphs (Saurischia, Sauropodomorpha) stored in the Palaeontological Collection of Tübingen, Germany, historically referred to Plateosaurus

Fig. 21 (see next page). Specimen "GPIT 18392", the number which represents not a catalogue number but a number given to the finding during the excavation in 1912. A. GPIT-PV-60507, dorsal vertebra 5. B. GPIT-PV-60509, dorsal vertebra 11. C. GPIT-PV-60508, dorsal vertebrae 12 and 13. D. GPIT- PV-60517, dorsal vertebra 10. E. GPIT-PV-60519, dorsal vertebra. F. GPIT-PV-60518, dorsal vertebra. G. GPIT-PV-60510, sacral vertebra. H. GPIT-PV-60511, dorsal vertebra. I. GPIT-PV-60516, caudal vertebra. J. GPIT-PV-60506, anterior caudal vertebra. K. GPIT-PV-60493, chevron from anterior caudal. L. GPIT-PV-60561, chevron from anterior caudal. M. GPIT-PV-60493, chevron from anterior caudal. N. GPIT-PV-60493, chevron from anterior caudal. O. GPIT-PV-60488, one phalanx, possibly pedal phalanx. P. GPIT-PV-60488, pedal ungual. Q. GPIT-PV-60489, indeterminate remains. R. ribs: a = GPIT- PV-60539, left dorsal rib 7; b = GPIT-PV-60541, right dorsal rib 8; c = GPIT-PV-60540, left cervical 10; d = GPIT-PV-60552, right dorsal rib 4, e = GPIT-PV-60553, right dorsal rib 1; f = GPIT-PV-60554, right dorsal rib 2; g = GPIT-PV-60556, right cervical rib 9; h = GPIT-PV-60558, left dorsal rib 9; i = GPIT- PV-60555, left dorsal rib 12; j = GPIT-PV-60557, left dorsal rib 11; k = GPIT-PV-60543, left dorsal rib 6; l = GPIT-PV-60544, left dorsal rib 10; m = GPIT-PV-60545, left dorsal rib 5; n = GPIT-PV-60546, right dorsal rib 10; o = GPIT-PV-60547, right dorsal rib 9; p = GPIT-PV-60551, right dorsal rib 8; q = GPIT- PV-60550, right dorsal rib 5; r - GPIT-PV-60548, right dorsal rib 7; s = GPIT-PV-60549, right dorsal rib 7. S. GPIT-PV-60566, left fibula. T. GPIT-PV-60490, pedal phalanx. U. GPIT-PV-60488, pedal phalanx. V. GPIT-PV-60500, fragmentary bones: t = bone fragment identified as ʻgʼ in Hungerbühler (1998: fig. 4), u = bone fragment identified as ʻfʼ in Hungerbühler (1998: fig. 4), v = bone fragment identified as ʻeʼ in Hungerbühler (1998: fig. 4), w = bone fragment identified as ʻnʼ in Hungerbühler (1998: fig. 4). W. GPIT- PV-60494, pedal phalanx. X. GPIT-PV-60565, right pubis. Y. left femur in two parts, GPIT-PV-60496 (proximal) and GPIT-PV-60495 (distal). Z. GPIT-PV-60563, right ischium. AA. carnivorous teeth that do not belong to sauropodomorphs, GPIT-PV-60491, GPIT-PV-60497, GPIT-PV-60498, GPIT-PV-60499.

Fig. 31 in Diversity and taxonomy of the Late Triassic sauropodomorphs (Saurischia, Sauropodomorpha) stored in the Palaeontological Collection of Tübingen, Germany, historically referred to Plateosaurus

Fig. 31 (see next page). Uncatalogued material separated as "Weishampel 1983" in the collection, presumably from the expedition led by von Huene between 1922–1923 to Obere Mühle. A. GPITPV-60210, fragment of a right mandible in medial view. B. GPIT-PV-60225, left maxilla in lateral view. C. GPIT-PV-60224, right maxilla in lateral view. D. GPIT-PV-60214, dorsal vertebra in right lateral view. E. GPIT-PV-60215, dorsal vertebra in right lateral view. F–G. GPIT-PV-60220, anterior caudal vertebra in right lateral view (F) and in dorsal view (G). H. GPIT-PV-60221, anterior caudal vertebra in anterior view and associated fragment. I. GPIT-PV-60222, anterior caudal vertebra in left lateral view and associated fragments. J. GPIT-PV-60219, middle caudal vertebra in right lateral view. K. GPIT-PV-60228, middle caudal vertebra in right ventrolateral view. L. GPIT-PV-60229, middle caudal vertebra in right lateral view. M. GPIT-PV-60233, posterior caudal vertebra in right lateral view. N. GPIT-PV-60232, posterior caudal vertebra in right lateral view. O. GPIT-PV-60231, distal caudal vertebra in left lateral view. P. GPIT-PV-60226, left metacarpals I to IV in anterior view. Q. GPIT-PV-60227, right metacarpal II. R. GPIT-PV-60212, left metatarsal IV. S. GPIT-PV-60213, left metatarsal IV. T. GPIT-PV-60217, left metatarsal I. U. GPIT-PV-60265, chevron in lateral view. V. GPIT-PV-60264, chevron in lateral view. W. GPIT-PV-60261, chevron in anterior view. X. GPIT-PV-60262, chevron in anterior view. Y. GPITPV-60261, chevron in lateral view. Z. GPIT-PV-60211, right pubis in anterior view. AA. GPIT-PV-60216, right ilium in lateral view.

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Gender differences in preferences for mental health apps in the general popu-lation – a Choice-based Conjoint Analysis from Germany

Background: Men and women differ in the mental health issues they typically face. This study aims to describe gender differences in preferences for mental health treatment options and specifically tries to identify participants who prefer AI-based therapy over traditional face-to-face therapy. Method: A nationally representative sample of 2,108 participants (53% female) aged 18 to 74 years completed a CBCAs. Within the CBCA, participants evaluated twenty choice sets, each describing three treatment variants in terms of provider, content, costs, and waiting time. Results: Costs (relative importance [RI] = 55%) emerged as the most critical factor when choosing between treatment options, followed by provider (RI= 31%), content (RI = 10%), and waiting time (RI = 4%). Small yet statistically significant differences were observed between women and men. Women placed greater importance on the provider, while men placed greater importance on cost and waiting time. Age and previous experience with psychotherapy and with mental health apps were systematically related to individual preferences but did not alter gender effects. Only a minority (approximately 8%) of participants preferred AI-based treatment to traditional therapy. Conclusions: Overall, affordable mental health treatments performed by human therapists are consistently favored by both men and women. AI-driven mental health apps should align with user preferences to address psychologist shortages. However, it is uncertain whether they alone can meet the rising demand, highlighting the need for alternative solutions. Keywords: gender preferences; discrete choice experiment; mental health treatment; artificial intelligence

FIGURE 23 in Miocene and Pliocene amphibians from Hambach (Germany): New evidence for a late Neogene refuge in northwestern Europe

FIGURE 23. Reptiles from Hambach: right squamosal (IPB-HaH 2340) of Chamaeleo aff. andrusovi in lateral (A) and medial (B) views; left frontal (IPB-HaR 2171) of Pseudopus cf. pannonicus in dorsal (C) and ventral (D) views. Scale bars equal 1 mm.

FIGURE 22 in Miocene and Pliocene amphibians from Hambach (Germany): New evidence for a late Neogene refuge in northwestern Europe

FIGURE 22. Ranids from Hambach: right ilium (IPB-HaH 2307) of Pelophylax sp. in lateral (A) and medial (B) views; left ilium (IPB-HaH 2387) of Pelophylax sp. in lateral (C) and medial (D) views; left ilium (IPB-HaH 2321) of Rana sp. in lateral (E) and medial (F) views; sacral vertebra (IPB-HaR 2018) of Ranidae indet. in dorsal (G) and ventral (H) views; sacral vertebra (IPB-HaR 2019) of Ranidae indet. in dorsal (I) and ventral (J) views; left scapula (IPB-HaH 2323) of Ranidae indet. in ventral (K) and dorsal (L) views; left ilium (IPB-HaR 2087) of Ranidae indet. in lateral (M) and medial (N) views. Scale bars equal 1 mm. Abbreviations: dc, dorsal crest; dt, dorsal tubercle.

FIGURE 20 in Miocene and Pliocene amphibians from Hambach (Germany): New evidence for a late Neogene refuge in northwestern Europe

FIGURE 20. Hyla sp. from Hambach: sacral vertebra (IPB-HaH 2195) in dorsal (A), ventral (B), anterior (C) and posterior (D) views; left ilium (IPB-HaR 2088) in lateral view (E). Scale bars equal 1 mm. Abbreviations: dt, dorsal tubercle; pz, preacetabular zone.

FIGURE 19 in Miocene and Pliocene amphibians from Hambach (Germany): New evidence for a late Neogene refuge in northwestern Europe

FIGURE 19. Pelobatids from Hambach: sacral vertebra (IPB-HaR 2179) of cf. Eopelobates sp. in dorsal (A), anterior (B), posterior (C) and ventral (D) views; left humerus (IPB-HaR 2154) of cf. Eopelobates sp. in ventral (E) and dorsal (F) views; left ilium (IPB-HaR 2084) of cf. Eopelobates sp. in lateral (G) and medial (H) views; right ilium (IPB-HaR 2103) of cf. Eopelobates sp. in lateral (I) and medial (J) views; right humerus (IPB-HaR 2414) of?Eopelobates sp. in ventral (K) and dorsal (L) views; left humerus (IPB-HaR 2415) of?Eopelobates sp. in ventral view (M); right ilium (IPB-HaR 2421) of?Eopelobates sp. in lateral (N) and medial (O) views; trunk vertebra (IPB-HaH 2220) of Pelobatidae indet. in right lateral (P), anterior (Q), dorsal (R) and posterior (S) views; left humerus (IPB-HaH 2399) of Pelobatidae indet. in ventral (T) and dorsal (U) views. Scale bars equal 1 mm. Abbreviations: dae, dorsal acetabular expansion; fcv, fossa cubitalis ventralis.

FIGURE 21 in Miocene and Pliocene amphibians from Hambach (Germany): New evidence for a late Neogene refuge in northwestern Europe

FIGURE 21. Bufo gr. bufo from Hambach: sacral vertebra (IPB-HaR 2020) in dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views. Scale bar equals 1 mm.

FIGURE 18 in Miocene and Pliocene amphibians from Hambach (Germany): New evidence for a late Neogene refuge in northwestern Europe

FIGURE 18. Possible Palaeobatrachidae indet. from Hambach: fragment of maxilla (IPB-HaH 2279) in medial (A), lateral (B), dorsal (C) and ventral (D) views. Scale bar equals 1 mm.

FIGURE 17 in Miocene and Pliocene amphibians from Hambach (Germany): New evidence for a late Neogene refuge in northwestern Europe

FIGURE 17. Individual variation in the angulars of Palaeobatrachus eurydices from Hambach: left angular (IPB-HaR 2111) in dorsal view (A); left angular (IPB-HaR 2132) in dorsal view (B); left angular (IPB-HaR 2144) in dorsal view (C); right angular (IPB-HaR 2110), detail of the processus coronoideus in dorsal view (D); left angular (IPB-HaR 2112), detail of the processus coronoideus in dorsal view (E); left angular (IPB-HaR 2130), detail of the processus coronoideus in dorsal view (F); right angular (IPB-HaR 2131), detail of the processus coronoideus in dorsal view (G); right angular (IPB-HaR 2145), detail of the processus coronoideus in dorsal view (H); right angular (IPB-HaR 2146), detail of the processus coronoideus in dorsal view (I). Scale bars equal 1 mm. Abbreviations: pc, processus coronoideus; t, tubercle.