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FIGURE 11 in Comparison of Miocene to early Pleistocene-aged Castor californicus (Rodentia: Castoridae) to extant beavers and implications for the evolution of Castor in North America

FIGURE 11. Dendrogram of dentary hierarchical cluster analysis. Specimens used in analysis are labeled by species and catalog number.

FIGURE 8 in Comparison of Miocene to early Pleistocene-aged Castor californicus (Rodentia: Castoridae) to extant beavers and implications for the evolution of Castor in North America

FIGURE 8. Histogram of canonical variate scores for analysis of dentary data with Castor californicus treated as an unknown. The x axis depicts shape variation, associated with landmark deformations, indicated by thin plate splines deformation grids. The y axis indicates the frequency of canonical variate scores among studied taxa.

FIGURE 7 in Comparison of Miocene to early Pleistocene-aged Castor californicus (Rodentia: Castoridae) to extant beavers and implications for the evolution of Castor in North America

FIGURE 7. Canonical variate plot for analysis of cranial data with Castor californicus treated as a distinct taxon a priori. Axes depict shape variation, associated with landmark deformations, indicated by thin plate splines deformation grids.

FIGURE 1 in Comparison of Miocene to early Pleistocene-aged Castor californicus (Rodentia: Castoridae) to extant beavers and implications for the evolution of Castor in North America

FIGURE 1. Late Miocene through Late Pleistocene fossil localities of Castor across North America. Locality points obtained from NOW database of Fossil Mammals.

FIGURE 5 in Comparison of Miocene to early Pleistocene-aged Castor californicus (Rodentia: Castoridae) to extant beavers and implications for the evolution of Castor in North America

FIGURE 5. Relative warp plot for the dentary. Axes depict shape variation, associated with landmark deformations indicated by thin plate splines deformation grids.

FIGURE 6 in Comparison of Miocene to early Pleistocene-aged Castor californicus (Rodentia: Castoridae) to extant beavers and implications for the evolution of Castor in North America

FIGURE 6. Histogram of canonical variate scores for analysis of cranial data with Castor californicus treated as an unknown. The x axis depicts shape variation, associated with landmark deformations, indicated by thin plate splines deformation grids. The y axis indicates the frequency of canonical variate scores among studied taxa.

FIGURE 4 in Comparison of Miocene to early Pleistocene-aged Castor californicus (Rodentia: Castoridae) to extant beavers and implications for the evolution of Castor in North America

FIGURE 4. Relative warp plot for the lateral view of the cranium. Axes depict shape variation, associated with landmark deformations, indicated by thin plate splines deformation grids.

FIGURE 3 in Comparison of Miocene to early Pleistocene-aged Castor californicus (Rodentia: Castoridae) to extant beavers and implications for the evolution of Castor in North America

FIGURE 3. Relative warp plot for the dorsal view of the cranium. Axes depict shape variation, associated with landmark deformations, indicated by thin plate splines deformation grids.

FIGURE 2 in Comparison of Miocene to early Pleistocene-aged Castor californicus (Rodentia: Castoridae) to extant beavers and implications for the evolution of Castor in North America

FIGURE 2. Landmark placement for craniums in dorsal (A), lateral (B), and ventral (C) views and dentaries (D) in lateral view on Castor canadensis MVZ 80744. Definitions of landmarks are outlined in Table 1 for the cranium and Table 2 for the dentary.

FIGURE 4 in A new Megatheriinae skull (Xenarthra, Tardigrada) from the Pliocene of Northern Venezuela - implications for a giant sloth dispersal to Central and North America

FIGURE 4. Skulls of Bradypus marmoratus (sic) of the PIMUZ comparative collection in dorsal view; females on the left and males on the right, in three different sutural ages: 1 and 4, young adults (with most of the posterior sutures opened); 2 and 5, adults (with most of the posterior sutures closed but visible); and, 3 and 6, old adults (with most of the posterior sutures closed and not visible). In all the skulls the right temporal line was marked with a black line showing a great variation among sexes and ages.

FIGURE 3 in A new Megatheriinae skull (Xenarthra, Tardigrada) from the Pliocene of Northern Venezuela - implications for a giant sloth dispersal to Central and North America

FIGURE 3. Skulls of 1: Eremotherium laurillardi, 2: Eremotherium eomigrans, 3: AMU-CURS 184, cf. Proeremotherium sp., and 4: Proeremotherium eljebe (AMU-CURS 126, type), compared in (from top to bottom) dorsal, lateral and palatal views. In light grey are the upper dental series alveoli contours of each skull; black arrows shows the outline and extension of the posterior palatal notch, and up to where it reaches in relation to the dental series (in 1 the dotted line is used because that part of the palatal notch was mechanically broken).

FIGURE 2 in A new Megatheriinae skull (Xenarthra, Tardigrada) from the Pliocene of Northern Venezuela - implications for a giant sloth dispersal to Central and North America

FIGURE 2. Skulls of AMU-CURS 184 and AMU-CURS 126 (Proeremotherium eljebe type specimen). AMU-CURS 184 in 1, dorsal; 3, lateral, and 5, palatal views. Proeremotherium eljebe in 2, dorsal; 4, lateral, and 6, palatal views.

FIGURE 1. Location map showing the locality where the AMU-CURS 184 in A new Megatheriinae skull (Xenarthra, Tardigrada) from the Pliocene of Northern Venezuela - implications for a giant sloth dispersal to Central and North America

FIGURE 1. Location map showing the locality where the AMU-CURS 184 specimen was recovered from San Gregorio Fm. outcrops.

openJan 2024View details →

Dataset for Evaluating habitat-specific interference in automated radio telemetry systems: implications for animal movement studies

<h1>Abstract </h1> <p>Automated radio telemetry systems have become a popular and invaluable tool in tracking the activity and movement of wild animals. However, many environmental conditions can hinder accuracy when tracking with this technology. For instance, study sites may contain multiple habitat types, each habitat uniquely affecting the signal strength received from tagged species. To investigate the influence of a structurally diverse study site on an automated radio telemetry system, we conducted this project at a restored and managed pine barren habitat that consisted of a mix of mature pitch pine, treated pitch pine, scrub oak, and hardwood forests. This site, Montague Plains Wildlife Management Area, Montague, Massachusetts, is also a known breeding ground for Eastern whip-poor-will (Antrostomus vociferus). To measure the relationship of radio signal strength with distance across each habitat, we used radio telemetry equipment manufactured by Cellular Tracking Technologies. We produced negative exponential decay functions measuring radio signal strength over distance and tested for differences among habitat types on radio signal strength (RSS). We found that decay function parameters significantly differed by habitat type, prompting us to investigate if accounting for these differences improved location estimate accuracy. To test this, we estimated known locations using trilateration methods with and without habitat calibration. Comparing these tests indicates that habitat-specific adjustments significantly improved location accuracy. Lastly, we visualized estimated RSS-based locations of one week of whip-poor-will data and compared them to GPS data generated from the same individual. Previous studies have accounted for types of environmental interference (like elevation) in the field but have avoided incorporating habitat-specific factors by working with node networks covering a relatively small area, but in this study, we examined the potential to scale up for larger areas and in more complex habitats.</p> <p> </p>

Fig. 3 in Bone microstructure of the sphenodont rhynchocephalian Priosphenodon avelasi and its paleobiological implications

Fig. 3. Postcranial histology of the sphenodont rhynchocephalian Priosphenodon avelasi Apesteguía, 2008 (MPCA-Pv 308) from the Upper Cretaceous Candeleros Formation, Argentina. Black arrowheads signal the position of LAGs. A. Bone histology of the humeri. A1, A2, complete cross sections; A3–A5, detailed views of the cortex showing predominance of poorly vascularized parallel fibered bone and distribution of LAGs; A4, detail of the cortex showing primary vascular canals and LAGs; A5, regions of the cortex marked with double arrows where the tissue presents a better organization and LAGs. B. Bone histology of the radius. B1, general view; B2, B3, details. Note the absence of vascular canals and the mass birefringence of the primary bone tissue. C. General view of the ulna. C1, general view; C2, C3, detailed views showing abundant Sharpey's fibers (C2) and distribution of LAGs (C3). D. Detailed view of the cortex of the fibula showing canaliculi and osteocyte lacunae. E. Detailed view of the cortical bone in the phalange "A" showing abundant Sharpey's fibers. F. General view of the presacral vertebra section. Note the predominance cancellous bone tissue. A1, A2, A4, A5, B1, B3, C, D, normal transmitted light; A3, B2, E, F, cross polarized light with lambda filter. Abbreviations: cn, canaliculi; ic, intertrabecular cavities; ICL, inner circumferential layer; lc, longitudinal canals; nc, nutrient canal; ol, osteocyte lacunae; PFB, parallel fibered bone; rc, radial canals; Sf, Sharpey's fibers.

Fig. 2 in Bone microstructure of the sphenodont rhynchocephalian Priosphenodon avelasi and its paleobiological implications

Fig. 2. Appendicular and axial bones of the sphenodont rhynchocephalian Priosphenodon avelasi Apesteguía, 2008 (MPCA-Pv 308) from northern Patagonia, late Cretaceous, sampled for histological analysis. A. Right humerus in anterior view (an image of the left humerus was not processed due to its fragmentary state). B. Left radius in anterior view. C. Left ulna in anterior view. D. Left femur in lateral view. E. Fragmented right femur. F. Tibia in anterior view. G. Fragment of fibula in anterior view. H, I. Phalanges in dorsal view. J. Articulated presacral vertebrae in right lateral view. Scale bars 10 mm.

Fig. 1 in Bone microstructure of the sphenodont rhynchocephalian Priosphenodon avelasi and its paleobiological implications

Fig. 1. Skeletal digital reconstruction of the sphenodont rhynchocephalian Priosphenodon avelasi Apesteguía, 2008, from northern Patagonia, late Cretaceous; by Jorge A. González showing the elements sampled for histological analysis (in red).

Fig. 4 in Bone microstructure of the sphenodont rhynchocephalian Priosphenodon avelasi and its paleobiological implications

Fig. 4. Compaction index (CI) of several of the histological sections analyzed here from Priosphenodon avelasi (northern Patagonia, late Cretaceous). Note the high degree of compaction that both humerus present in comparison with the rest of the bone elements. A. Right humerus. B. Left humerus. C. Left radius. D. Left ulna. E. Right femur. F. Tibia. G. Fibula. H, I. Phalanges. J. Articulated presacral vertebrae. Scale bars 1 mm.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2018View details →

Fig. 4 in First records of diapsid Palacrodon from the Norian, Late Triassic Chinle Formation of Arizona, and their biogeographic implications

Fig. 4. Paleoreconstruction map of Pangaea in the Triassic with Gondwanan occurrences of Palacrodon marked with circles and Laurasia occurrences of Palacrodon marked with a star (note the two Arizona occurrences overlap in this scale). Paleogeography modified from www.pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/ historical.html.