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1,921 results for “incidence”
Data from: Uranium and Radium in groundwater and incidence of colorectal cancer in Georgia counties, USA: An ecologic study
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Effects of trading networks on the risk of bovine tuberculosis incidents on cattle farms in Great Britain
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Temperature impacts on dengue incidence are nonlinear and mediated by climatic and socioeconomic factors
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Incidence and influencing factors of occupational pneumoconiosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
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Data from: Is the incidence of survival in interior Pleistocene refugia (nunataks) underestimated? Phylogeography of the high mountain plant Androsace alpina (Primulaceae) in the European Alps revisited
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Data from: Tillage in southeastern U.S. row crops reduces ground-nesting bee incidence and diversity compared to field edges
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Socioeconomic status affects the incidence of COVID-19 in Chilean multiple sclerosis patients
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ONERA copper TEEY measurements with various surface state and incidence angle
<p>These files are Total Electron Emission Yield (TEEY) measurements of two copper samples with various surface treatments. Energies range from 10 eV to 1 keV and incidence angle from 0° to 60°.</p> <p>Measurements were performed at the ONERA (Toulouse, France) in a Ultra-High Vacuum facility (3*10<sup>9</sup> millibar).</p>
Unsigned Road Incidents
<p>This repository contains the dataset for the paper entitled “Detecting Unsigned Physical Road Incidents from Driver-view Images”, released in IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles. This image dataset contains over 12.500 images of unsigned (without warning signs) road incidents spread out over 8 classes (fire, animal on road, road collapse, snow, rain, treefall, landslides, and vehicle crashes). It consists of a zip file which contains images from the Geograph project and their attribution, as well as a SQLite database which contains URLs to images harvested from Google, Bing, and Flickr. URLs marked as '0' have since disappeared from the web. Unfortunately, due to copyright concerns we cannot make these images available. However, reproduction can be facilitated by directly reaching out, in which case we will make a full copy of the dataset available.</p> <p><strong>Please contact the authors directly if you are interested in using the full dataset. We make this dataset available for non-commercial purposes only.</strong></p> <p>The preferred citation for this dataset is as follows:</p> <p>Levering, A., Tomko, M., Tuia, D. and Khoshelham, K., 2020. Detecting unsigned physical road incidents from driver-view images. <em>IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles</em>, <em>6</em>(1), pp.24-33.</p>
Data from: Sleep duration, midday napping and sleep quality and incident stroke: the Dongfeng-Tongji cohort
Objective: To investigate the associations of sleep duration, midday napping and sleep quality, and change in sleep duration with risk of incident stroke and stroke subtypes. Methods: Among 31750 participants aged 61.7 years on average at baseline from the Dongfeng-Tongji cohort, we used Cox regression models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident stroke. Results: Compared with sleeping 7-<8 h/night, those reporting longer sleep duration (≥9 h/night) had a greater risk of total stroke (HR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.07-1.41), while shorter sleep (<6 h/night) had no significant effect on stroke risk. The HR (95% CI) of total stroke was 1.25 (1.03-1.53) for midday napping >90 min vs 1-30 min. The results were similar for ischemic stroke. Compared with good sleep quality, those with poor sleep quality showed a 29%, 28% and 56% higher risk of total, ischemic, and hemorrhagic stroke, respectively. Moreover, we observed significant joint effects of sleeping ≥9 h/night and midday napping >90 min (HR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.28-2.66), and sleeping ≥9 h/night and poor sleep quality (HR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.33-2.48) on risks of total stroke. Furthermore, compared with persistently sleeping 7-9 h/night, those persistently slept ≥9 h/night or switched from 7-9 h to ≥9 h/night had a higher risk of total stroke. Conclusions: Long sleep duration, long midday napping and poor sleep quality were independently and jointly associated with higher risks of incident stroke. Persistently long sleep duration or switch from average to long sleep duration increased the risk of stroke.
The Incidence of Intracerebral Haemorrhage in Complex Chronic Patients
<p><b>Background:</b> Demographic aging is a generalised event and the proportion of older adults is increasing rapidly worldwide with chronic pathologies, disability, and complexity of health needs. The intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) has devastating consequences in high risk people. This study aims to quantify the incidence of ICH in complex chronic patients (CCP).</p> <p><b>Methods:</b> This is a multicentre, retrospective and community-based cohort study of 3594 CCPs followed up from 01/01/2013 to 31/12/2017 in primary care without a history of previous ICH episode. The cases were identified from clinical records encoded with ICD-10 (10th version of the International Classification of Diseases) in the e-SAP database of the Catalan Health Institute. The main variable was the ICH episode during the study period. Demographic, clinical, functional, cognitive and pharmacological variables were included. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were carried out to identify the variables associated with suffering an ICH. The independent risk factors were obtained from logistic regression models, ruling out the variables included in the HAS-BLED score, to avoid duplication effects. Results are presented as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). The analysis with the resulting model was also stratified by sex.</p> <p><b>Results:</b> 161 (4.4%) participants suffered an ICH episode. Mean age 87±9 years; 55.9% women. The ICH incidence density was 151/10000 person-years [95%CI 127-174], without differences by sex. Related to subjects without ICH, presented a higher prevalence of arterial hypertension (83.2% vs. 74.9%; p=0.02), hypercholesterolemia (55.3% vs. 47.4%, p=0.05), cardiovascular disease (36.6% vs. 28.9%; p=0.03), and use of antiaggregants drugs (64.0% vs. 52.9%; p=0.006). 93.2% had a HAS-BLED score ≥3. The independent risk factors for ICH were identified: HAS-BLED ≥3 [OR 3.54; 95%CI 1.88-6.68], hypercholesterolemia [OR 1.62; 95%CI 1.11-2.35], and cardiovascular disease [OR 1.48 IC95% 1.05-2.09]. The HAS_BLED ≥3 score showed a high sensitivity [0.93 CI95% 0.97-0.89] and negative predictive value [0.98 (CI95% 0.83-1.12)]. </p> <p><b>Conclusions</b>: In the CCP subgroup the incidence density of ICH was 5-60 times higher than that observed in elder and general population. The use of bleeding risk score as the HAS-BLED scale could improve the preventive approach of those with higher risk of ICH.</p>
Data from: Vegetarian diet and incidence of total, ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in two cohorts in Taiwan
<p><span><b>Objectives <i>–</i></b> To determine how a vegetarian diet affects stroke incidence in two prospective cohorts, and to explore whether the association is modified by dietary vitamin B12 intakes. </span></p> <p><b>Methods</b><i> –</i>Participants without stroke in the Tzu Chi Health study (Cohort1, n=5,050, recruited in 2007-2009) and the Tzu Chi Vegetarian Study (Cohort2, n=8,302, recruited in 2005) were followed until end of 2014. Diet was assessed through food frequency questionnaires in both cohorts at baseline. Stroke events and baseline comorbidities were identified through the National Health Insurance Database. A subgroup of 1528 participants in Cohort1 were assessed for serum homocysteine, vitamin B12, and folate. Associations between vegetarian diet and stroke incidences were estimated by Cox regression with age as time scale, adjusted for sex, education, smoking, alcohol, physical activities, BMI (only in Cohort1), hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and ischemic heart diseases.</p> <p><b>Results <i>–</i></b> Vegetarians had lower serum vitamin B12 and higher folate and homocysteine than nonvegetarians. In Cohort1, 54 events occurred in 30,797 person-years follow-up. Vegetarians (vs. nonvegetarians) experienced lower risk of ischemic stroke (HR: 0.26, 95% CI: 0.08-0.88). In Cohort2, 121 events occurred in 76,797 person-years follow-up. Vegetarians (vs. nonvegetarians) experienced lower risk of overall stroke (HR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.33-0.82), ischemic stroke (HR: 0.41, 0.19-0.88), and hemorrhagic stroke (HR: 034, 95%CI: 0.12-1.00). Our explorative analysis showed that vitamin B12 intake may modify the association between vegetarian diet and overall stroke (<i>p</i>-interaction = 0.046).</p> <p><b><i>Conclusion</i></b> –Taiwanese vegetarian diet is associated with a lower risk of ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes.</p>
Data from: Trends in incidence and epidemiological characteristics of cerebral venous thrombosis in the United States
Objective To test the hypothesis that racial-, age- and sex-specific incidence of cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) has increased in the United States over the last decade. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, validated International Classification of Disease codes were used to identify all new cases of CVT (n=5,567) in the State Inpatients Database (SID) of New York and Florida (2006-2016). A new CVT case was defined as first hospitalization for CVT in the SID without prior CVT hospitalization. CVT counts were combined with annual Census data to compute incidence. Joinpoint regression was used to evaluate trends in incidence over time. Results From 2006-2016, annual age and sex-standardized incidence of CVT in cases/million population ranged from 13.9-20.2, but incidence varied significantly by sex (females: 20.3-26.9; males 6.8-16.8) and by age/sex (females 18-44yo: 24.0-32.6%; males: 18-44yo: 5.3-12.8). Incidence also differed by race (Blacks:18.6-27.2; Whites: 14.3-18.5; Asians: 5.1-13.8). On joinpoint regression, incidence increased across 2006-2016 but most of this increase was driven by increase in all age groups of males (combined annualized percentage change (APC) 9.2%, p-value <0.001), females 45-64 yo (APC 7.8%, p-value <0.001) and females ≥65 yo (APC 7.4%, p-value <0.001). Incidence in females 18-44 yo remained unchanged over time. Conclusion: CVT incidence is disproportionately higher in blacks compared to other races. New CVT hospitalizations increased significantly over the last decade mainly in males and older females. Further studies are needed to determine whether this increase represents true increase from changing risk factors or artefactual increase from improved detection.
Diffusion segregation and the disproportionate incidence of COVID-19 in African American communities
<p>Each network corresponds to a metropolitan area, where nodes represent census tracts. For each tract we report information about the number of people belonging to each of the seven high-level ethnic groups defined in the US Census. Physical adjacency networks are undirected and unweighted, and an edge between two tracts A and B indicates that A and B are bordering each other. Commuting flow graphs are undirected and weighted, and the weight of an the edge between A and B corresponds to average of the total number of work commuting trips from A to B and from B to A.</p>
Precipitation gradients, plant biogeography, and the incidence of drip-tips in Cerrado plant species
Examining how both climate and species distribution patterns correlate with leaf morphology can give insights into the ecological and evolutionary patterns that drive adaptive selection of leaf form and function. Drip-tips are a common feature of leaves in rain forest tree species; they are thought to be an adaptation that aids leaf drying and maximizes photosynthesis in areas with high-rainfall climates. We tested whether this macroecological pattern holds true across the precipitation gradients in a non-rain forest region – the woodland savannas of Brazil known as the Cerrado – and compared our results with previous studies from Amazonia. Drip-tips were, as expected, less common overall in the drier Cerrado than in Amazonia. In addition, within the Cerrado, drip-tips were more prevalent in areas with higher rainfall as well as in Cerrado sites that were closer to Amazonia. Moreover, species that occurred across both the Cerrado and Amazonia had drip-tips more often than species that were found only in the Cerrado. These findings support the hypothesis that drip-tips are adaptive and that either the cost of retaining drip-tips is low or that in drier regions they have other benefits.
Data from: Low incidence of choroidal neovascularization following subthreshold diode micropulse laser (SDM) in high-risk AMD
Purpose: To determine the incidence of new choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in eyes with dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) following subthreshold diode micropulse laser (SDM). Method: In an observational retrospective cohort study, the records of all patients active in the electronic medical records database were reviewed to identify eyes with dry AMD treated with SDM. Identified eyes were classified by simplified AREDS categories, and analyzed for the primary endpoint of new CNV after treatment. Results: The EMR revealed SDM was offered to 373/392 (95%) patients with dry AMD and elected by 363/373 (97%) between 2008-2017. Follow up was available for 354/363 patients (547 eyes, 98%) (range 6-108 mos., avg. 22). CNV risk factors included age (median 84 years, 67% > 80); reticular pseudodrusen (214 eyes, 39%); AREDS category (78% category 3 and 4); and fellow eye CNV (128 eyes, 23%). New CNV developed in 9/547 eyes (1.6%, annualized rate 0.87%). Visual acuity was unchanged. There were no adverse treatment effects. Summary: In a review of a large group of eyes with exceptionally high-risk AMD, SDM was followed by a very low incidence of new CNV. If confirmed by further study, SDM would offer a new and highly effective treatment to reduce the risk of vision loss from AMD.
Data from: Patient characteristics associated with tuberculosis treatment default: a cohort study in a high-incidence area of Lima, Peru
Background: Although tuberculosis (TB) is usually curable with antibiotics, poor adherence to medication can lead to increased transmission, drug resistance, and death. Prior research has shown several factors to be associated with poor adherence, but this problem remains a substantial barrier to global TB control. We studied patients in a high-incidence district of Lima, Peru to identify factors associated with premature termination of treatment (treatment default). Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study of adult smear-positive TB patients enrolled between January 2010 and December 2011 with no history of TB disease. Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to determine risk factors associated with treatment default. Results: Of the 1233 patients studied, 127 (10%) defaulted from treatment. Patients who defaulted were more likely to have used illegal drugs (OR = 4.78, 95% CI: 3.05-7.49), have multidrug-resistant TB (OR = 3.04, 95% CI: 1.58-5.85), not have been tested for HIV (OR = 2.30, 95% CI: 1.50-3.54), drink alcohol at least weekly (OR = 2.22, 95% CI: 1.40-3.52), be underweight (OR = 2.08, 95% CI: 1.21-3.56), or not have completed secondary education (OR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.03-2.33). Conclusions: Our study identified several factors associated with defaulting from treatment, suggesting a complex set of causes that might lead to default. Addressing these factors individually would be difficult, but they might help to identify certain high-risk patients for supplemental intervention prior to treatment interruption. Treatment adherence remains a barrier to successful TB care and reducing the frequency of default is important for both the patients' health and the health of the community.
Data from: Cluster analysis successfully identifies clinically meaningful knee valgus moment patterns: frequency of early peaks reflects sex-specific ACL injury incidence
Background: Biomechanical studies of ACL injury risk factors frequently analyze only a fraction of the relevant data, and typically not in accordance with the injury mechanism. Extracting a peak value within a time series of relevance to ACL injuries is challenging due to differences in the relative timing and size of the peak value of interest. Aims/hypotheses: The aim was to cluster analyze the knee valgus moment time series curve shape in the early stance phase. We hypothesized that 1a) There would be few discrete curve shapes, 1b) there would be a shape reflecting an early peak of the knee valgus moment, 2a) youth athletes of both sexes would show similar frequencies of early peaks, 2b) adolescent girls would have greater early peak frequencies. Methods: N = 213 (39% boys) youth soccer and team handball athletes (phase 1) and N = 35 (45% boys) with 5 year follow-up data (phase 2) were recorded performing a change of direction task with 3D motion analysis and a force plate. The time series of the first 30% of stance phase were cluster analyzed based on Euclidean distances in two steps; shape-based main clusters with a transformed time series, and magnitude based sub-clusters with body weight normalized time series. Group differences (sex, phase) in curve shape frequencies, and shape-magnitude frequencies were tested with chi-squared tests. Results: Six discrete shape-clusters and 14 magnitude based sub-clusters were formed. Phase 1 boys had greater frequency of early peaks than phase 1 girls (38% vs 25% respectively, P < 0.001 for full test). Phase 2 girls had greater frequency of early peaks than phase 2 boys (42% vs 21% respectively, P < 0.001 for full test). Conclusions: Cluster analysis can reveal different patterns of curve shapes in biomechanical data, which likely reflect different movement strategies. The early peak shape is relatable to the ACL injury mechanism as the timing of its peak moment is consistent with the timing of injury. Greater frequency of early peaks demonstrated by Phase 2 girls is consistent with their higher risk of ACL injury in sports.
Data from: Association of body mass index and age with incident diabetes in Chinese adults: a population-based cohort study
Objective. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is increasing in young adults, and greater adiposity is considered a major risk factor. However, whether there is an association between obesity and diabetes and how this might be impacted by age is not clear. Therefore, we investigated the association between body mass index (BMI) and diabetes across a wide range of age groups (20-30, 30-40, 40-50, 50-60, 60-70, ≥70 years old). Design. We performed a retrospective cohort study using healthy screening program data. Setting. A total of 211,833 adult Chinese persons > 20-years-old across 32 sites and 11 cities in China (Shanghai, Beijing, Nanjing, Suzhou, Shenzhen, Changzhou, Chengdu, Guangzhou, Hefei, Wuhan, Nantong) were selected for the study; these persons were free of diabetes at baseline. Primary and secondary outcome measures. Fasting plasma glucose levels were measured and information regarding the history of diabetes was collected at each visit. Diabetes was diagnosed as fasting plasma glucose ≥ 7.00 mmol/L and/or self-reported diabetes. Patients were censored at the date of diagnosis or the final visit, whichever came first. Results. With a median follow-up of 3.1 years, 4,174 of the 211,833 participants developed diabetes, with an age-adjusted incidence rate of 7.35 per 1,000 persons. The risk of incident diabetes increased proportionally with increasing baseline BMI values, with a 23% increased risk of incident diabetes with each kg/m2 increase in BMI (95%CI: 1.22, 1.24). Across all age groups, there was a linear association between BMI and the risk of incident diabetes, although there was a stronger association between BMI and incident diabetes in the younger age groups (age × BMI interaction, P < 0.0001). Conclusions. An increased BMI is also independently associated with a higher risk of developing diabetes in young adults and the effects of BMI on incident diabetes were accentuated in younger adults.
Data from: Incidence of multiple paternity and inbreeding in high-density brown bear populations on the Shiretoko Peninsula, Hokkaido, Japan
Understanding the breeding ecology of a species is essential for the appropriate conservation and management of wildlife. In brown bears, females occasionally copulate with multiple males in one breeding season, which may lead to multiple paternity in a single litter. In contrast, inbreeding, a potential factor in the reduction of genetic diversity, may occur, particularly in threatened populations. However, few studies have reported the frequency of these phenomena in brown bear populations. Here, we investigated the incidence of multiple paternity and inbreeding in a high-density brown bear population on the Shiretoko Peninsula in Hokkaido, Japan. A total of 837 individuals collected from 1998 to 2017 were genotyped at 21 microsatellite loci, and parentage analysis was performed. Out of 70–82 litters with ≥2 offspring, 14.6–17.1% of litters were sired by multiple males. This was comparable to the rate reported in a Scandinavian population, although population density and litter size, factors that potentially affect the incidence of multiple paternity, differed between the two populations. Out of 222 mother-father mating pairs, six litters (2.7%) resulted from matings between fathers and daughters. Additionally, one (0.5%) and four (1.8%) cases of mating between maternal half-siblings and between paternal half-siblings, respectively, were observed; however, no cases of mating between mothers and sons or between full-siblings were observed. Our results suggest that male-biased natal dispersal effectively limits mating between closely related individuals (aside from fathers and daughters) in brown bears.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.