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FIGURE 7. A in A second endemic land mammal for the Hawaiian Islands: a new genus and species of fossil bat (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)

FIGURE 7. A, Lateral, B, anterior, C, medial, and D, posterior views of the humeri of the holotype of Synemporion keana (on the left in each pair; BPBM 159269) and Lasiurus cinereus semotus (on the right; BPBM 184506).

FIGURE 6 in A second endemic land mammal for the Hawaiian Islands: a new genus and species of fossil bat (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)

FIGURE 6. Anterior view of the lower incisors and canine of A, the holotype of Synemporion keana (BPBM 159269) compared with those of B, Lasiurus cinereus semotus (BPBM 184506). The third lower incisor (i3) is absent in the holotype of Synemporion but paratypes preserve this tooth, which is always trilobed.

FIGURE 13 in A second endemic land mammal for the Hawaiian Islands: a new genus and species of fossil bat (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)

FIGURE 13. Fred Stone peers through the gap between the lava slab and wall at the lower edge of the entrance to Māhiehie Cave. The slab obscures the entrance to the main cave passage. The configuration of the entrance and cave creates a possible trap for bats (see text for description).

FIGURE 11 in A second endemic land mammal for the Hawaiian Islands: a new genus and species of fossil bat (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)

FIGURE 11. Skeleton of Synemporion keana embedded in secondary mineral crust on the wall near the downslope end of Māhiehie Cave.

FIGURE 5 in A second endemic land mammal for the Hawaiian Islands: a new genus and species of fossil bat (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)

FIGURE 5. Lateral and occlusal views of the lower dentition of A, the holotype of Synemporion keana (BPBM 159269) compared with that of B, Lasiurus cinereus semotus (BPBM 184506).

FIGURE 4 in A second endemic land mammal for the Hawaiian Islands: a new genus and species of fossil bat (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)

FIGURE 4. Lateral and occlusal views of the upper dentition of A, the holotype of Synemporion keana (BPBM 159269) compared with that of B, Lasiurus cinereus semotus (BPBM 184506). Note that a small anterior upper premolar (P2), visible in occlusal view in Lasiurus, is absent in the holotype of Synemporion keana. This tooth is variably present in Synemporion, occurring somewhat more than 50% of the time and sometimes present on one side but absent on the other side in the same individual (see text for discussion).

FIGURE 1 in A second endemic land mammal for the Hawaiian Islands: a new genus and species of fossil bat (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)

FIGURE 1. Map of the main Hawaiian Islands showing relative locations of the principle collecting sites of fossil Synemporion keana. See appendix 2 for list of specimens from each site and appendix 4 for detailed descriptions of each site. (1) Makawehi Point dunes; (2) Māhā'ulepū Limestone Sinkhole; (3) limestone sinkholes near Barbers Point; (4) Ulupa'u Head lake deposit; (5) Lua Lolo Piping Cave; (6) Pu'u Naio Cave; (7) Māhiehie Cave; (8) Pu'u Mākua Cave; (9) Ka'eleku Caverns; (10) Crystal Cave; (11) Kahāwaihapapa Cave; (12) 'Ūmi'i Manu Cave; (13) Kahuku Ranch Cave.

opencc-by-4.0May 2014View details →

FIG. 6 in Three New Species of Musseromys (Muridae, Rodentia), the Endemic Philippine Tree Mouse from Luzon Island

FIG. 6. Cranium (in dorsal, ventral, and lateral views) and mandible of A, Musseromys gulantang, adult male (FMNH 178405, holotype); B, M. inopinatus, adult female (FMNH 193839, holotype); C, M. beneficus, adult female (FMNH 198714, holotype); and D, M. anacuao, adult female (FMNH 209522, holotype).

opencc-by-4.0May 2014View details →

FIG. 2 in Three New Species of Musseromys (Muridae, Rodentia), the Endemic Philippine Tree Mouse from Luzon Island

FIG. 2. Projection of specimen scores onto the first two axes (A) and the second and third axes (B) of a principal components analysis (table 1) of 18 craniodental variables (log-10 transformed) from seven specimens representing four putative species of Musseromys.

opencc-by-4.0May 2014View details →

FIG. 1 in Three New Species of Musseromys (Muridae, Rodentia), the Endemic Philippine Tree Mouse from Luzon Island

FIG. 1. Map of Luzon Island, Philippines, showing documented distributions of species and geographic features mentioned in the text, including the type localities of the four species of Musseromys.

Fig. 6 in Phylogeography of three endemic birds of Maratua Island, a potential archive of Bornean biogeography

Fig. 6. Borneo map showing possible Pleistocene rainforest refuges (yellow and orange) and the modern distribution of Copsychus stricklandii (orange).

Fig. 5 in Phylogeography of three endemic birds of Maratua Island, a potential archive of Bornean biogeography

Fig. 5. ND2 phylogeographic tree and haplotype network of Blacknaped Monarch (Hypothymis azurea) populations. A, Maximum likelihood bootstrap tree. Numbers by branches are bootstrap support (70% and above). B, Haplotype network. Circle size indicates proportion of individuals with a given haplotype, and cross hatches indicate nucleotide changes (larger numbers of changes are noted in square boxes).

Fig. 2 in Phylogeography of three endemic birds of Maratua Island, a potential archive of Bornean biogeography

Fig. 2. Distribution (dark areas) of the three species or species groups whose Maratua populations were examined in this study (Collar, 2005; Fishpool & Tobias, 2005; Coates et al., 2006). In (B), the distribution of Copsychus stricklandii stricklandii in northeast Borneo is indicated in black.

Fig. 3 in Phylogeography of three endemic birds of Maratua Island, a potential archive of Bornean biogeography

Fig. 3. ND2 phylogeographic tree and haplotype network of populations of White-rumped Shama, Copsychus malabaricus (top figure), and White-crowned Shama, C. stricklandii (bottom two figures). A, Maximum likelihood bootstrap tree. Numbers by branches are bootstrap support (70% and above). Labels are specimen numbers; B, Haplotype network. Circle size indicates proportion of individuals with a given haplotype, and cross hatches indicate nucleotide changes (larger numbers of changes are noted in square boxes).

Fig. 1 in Phylogeography of three endemic birds of Maratua Island, a potential archive of Bornean biogeography

Fig. 1. Location of Maratua Island off the east coast of Borneo (inset). Bathymetric contours are, from shallowest to deepest, -40 m, -120 m, and -200 m. Water depth data are from GEBCO One Minute Grid—a global one arc-minute grid; data updated in 2008 (http:// www.gebco.net/data_and_products/gridded_bathymetry_data/). Inset from www.maps-for-free.com.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

A population in perpetual motion: highly dynamic roosting behaviour of a tropical island endemic bat

Dataset and R script for the manuscript "A population in perpetual motion: highly dynamic roosting behaviour of a tropical island endemic bat". During the embargo period, data is available upon request from the authors (muriel.dietrich@ird.fr).

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Data from: An island endemic born out of hybridization between introduced lineages

Humans have profoundly impacted the distribution of plant and animal species over thousands of years. The most direct example of these effects is human-mediated movement of individuals, either through translocation of individuals within their range or the introduction of species to new habitats. While human involvement may be suspected in species with obvious range disjunctions, it can be difficult to detect natural versus human-mediated dispersal events for populations at the edge of a species' range, and this uncertainty muddles how we understand the evolutionary history of populations and broad biogeographic patterns. Studies combining genetic data with archeological, linguistic, and historical evidence have confirmed prehistoric examples of human-mediated dispersal; however, it is unclear whether these methods can disentangle recent dispersal events, such as species translocated by European colonizers during the past 500 years. We use genomic DNA from historical specimens and historical records to evaluate three hypotheses regarding the timing and origin of Northern Bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) in Cuba, whose status as an endemic or introduced population has long been debated. We discovered that bobwhites from southern Mexico arrived in Cuba between the 12th and 16th centuries, followed by the subsequent introduction of bobwhites from the southeastern USA to Cuba between the 18th and 20th centuries. These dates suggest the introduction of bobwhites to Cuba was human-mediated and concomitant with Spanish colonial shipping routes between Veracruz, Mexico and Havana, Cuba during this period. Our results identify endemic Cuban bobwhites as a genetically distinct population born of hybridization between divergent introduced lineages.

opencc-zeroMay 2023View details →

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2023View details →

Fig. 6 in Taxonomic Assessment of a Threatened Large Millipede Endemic to the Southern Ryukyu Islands, Japan: a New Species of Spirobolus (Diplopoda: Spirobolida: Spirobolidae) from the Yaeyama Islands

Fig. 6. Spirobolus akamma sp. nov., holotype male (KUZ Z4329), left posterior gonopod. A, B, Anterior view; C, D, posterior view. Abbreviations: pe, prefemoral endite; tep, telopodite of posterior gonopod.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2023View details →

Fig. 5 in Taxonomic Assessment of a Threatened Large Millipede Endemic to the Southern Ryukyu Islands, Japan: a New Species of Spirobolus (Diplopoda: Spirobolida: Spirobolidae) from the Yaeyama Islands

Fig. 5. Spirobolus akamma sp. nov., holotype male (KUZ Z4329), anterior gonopods. A, B, Anterior view; C, D, posterior view. Abbreviations: co, coxa of anterior gonopod; mp, mesal sternal process; tea, telopodite of anterior gonopod.