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268 results for “mercury”
Experimental evidence for the recovery of mercury-contaminated fish populations
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Data from: Marine foraging ecology influences mercury bioaccumulation in deep-diving northern elephant seals
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Data from: Mercury exposure, stress and prolactin secretion in an Arctic seabird: an experimental study
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Amazon forests capture high levels of atmospheric mercury pollution from artisanal gold mining
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Concentration of mercury in vegetation from Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, NH; Sleepers Brook, VT; Bear Brook, ME; and Huntington Forest, NY
Quantifying mercury (Hg) in tree tissues is essential to understanding the pools and fluxes of Hg in forest ecosystems. We collected and analyzed foliage, bark and bole wood of eight tree species at four sites in the northeastern USA (Huntington Forest, NY; Sleepers River, VT; Hubbard Brook, NH; Bear Brook, ME).
Fig. 2 in Assessment of mercury contamination in Brycon falcatus (Characiformes: Bryconidae) and human health risk by consumption of this fish from the Teles Pires River, Southern Amazonia
Fig. 2. Relationship between weight and standard length of Brycon falcatus collected from rivers of the Teles Pires River basin from November 2014 to October 2016.
Fig. 1. a in Assessment of mercury contamination in Brycon falcatus (Characiformes: Bryconidae) and human health risk by consumption of this fish from the Teles Pires River, Southern Amazonia
Fig. 1. a. Brazil, with the state of Mato Grosso marked as stripes. b. The state of Mato Grosso with the Teles Pires River shown in bold. b. Brycon falcatus sample collection sites (black circles), accompanied by pictographs of the main human activities found at each site. The black arrow indicates the flow direction of rivers. The specimens were collected from November 2014 to October 2016.
Mercury's crustal thickness correlates with lateral variations in mantle melt production: Dataset for maps of surface density, degree of partial melting, and crustal thickness
<p>1) DensityGrid.dat = map of density of pore-free surface rocks (Figure 1a)</p> <p>- Units = g/cm3</p> <p>- 720 x 1440 pixels corresponding to 0.25-degree pixels in an equirectangular cylindrical projection with the equator as central parallel.</p> <p>- The first row represents 90 to 89.75 degrees of latitude north; the last row represents 89.75 to 90 degrees of latitude south.</p> <p>- The first column represents 0 to 0.25 degree of longitude; the last column represents 359.75 to 360 degrees of longitude.</p> <p>2) MeltGrid.dat = map of degree of partial melting (Figure S1a)</p> <p>- Units: mass fraction</p> <p>- 720 x 1440 pixels as described above</p> <p>3) CrustalThickness_ModelU0.dat = map of crustal thickness if laterally uniform density, Model U0 (Figure 2a)</p> <p> CrustalThickness_ModelVn.dat = map of crustal thickness if laterally variable density, Model Vn (Figure 2c, Figures S6 to S10)</p> <p>- Units = km</p> <p>- generated with MakeGridDH of SHTOOLS (<a href="https://shtools.github.io/SHTOOLS/">https://shtools.github.io/SHTOOLS/</a>)</p> <p>- 720 x 1440 coordinate points corresponding to 0.25-degree spacing in an equirectangular cylindrical projection with the equator as central parallel.</p> <p>- The first row corresponds to 90 degrees of latitude north; the last row corresponds to 89.75 degrees of latitude south.</p> <p>- The first column corresponds to 0 degree of longitude; the last column corresponds to 359.75 degrees of longitude.</p> <p>Note: Figures refer to the following paper (Geophysical Research Letters, 2020): `Mercury's crustal thickness correlates with lateral variations in mantle melt production’, by M. Beuthe, B. Charlier, O. Namur, A. Rivoldini, and T. Van Hoolst</p>
Photon Stimulated Desorption of MgS as a Potential Source of Sulfur in Mercury's Exosphere
<p>Experimental data for x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) characterization of the surface of magnesium sulfide (MgS) exposed to 193 nm UV photons. These data accompany the manuscript "Photon Stimulated Desorption of MgS as a Potential Source of Sulfur in Mercury’s Exosphere" 'submitted in April 2020 to the Journal of Geophysical Research - Planets. The 'Mg-1s' and 'S-2p' data were used to make the XPS image (Figure 1). The 'power' data were used to make the signal intensity vs. power images (Figures 2 and 3). The 'delay' data were used to fit Maxwellian velocity distributions, and the fits are included (Figure 4). The 'MC' data were the output results of the Monte Carlo model used to determined the density of sulfur as a function of altitude above Mercury (Figure 6).</p>
Mercury concentrations and water chemical variables measured in La Romaine hydroelectric reservoir complex in the summer of 2016, 2017 and 2018.
<p>This dataset includes chemical and physical data measured in situ in water in natural and recently dammed portions of La Romaine River watershed in Northern Quebec, Canada. Samples were collected from 2016 to 2018 in August, as well as in June 2017. For most sites, the samples were collected close to the water surface (30 cm deep) with a peristaltic pump following the clean hands dirty hands sampling protocol to avoid any contamination by trace metals. Filtered samples were collected using an in-line Whatman 0.45 µm filtration capsule attached to the tubing. For June 2017, physicochemical variables collected with a YSI multiprobe, greenhouse gas partial pressure (methane and carbon dioxide), total nutrient concentrations and dissolved metals (iron and manganese) are also included. We used this dataset to explore the distribution in time and space of various forms of mercury and pools of carbon across the dammed watershed of La Romaine and in different aquatic systems (e.g. tributaries, lakes, groundwater, river and reservoir sites). </p>
Feather mercury increases with feeding at higher trophic levels in two species of migrant raptors, Merlin (Falco columbarius) and Sharp-shinned Hawk (Accipiter striatus)
<p>Mercury (Hg) is a toxic heavy metal that, when methylated to form methylmercury (MeHg), bioaccumulates in exposed animals and biomagnifies through food webs. The purpose of this study was to assess Hg concentrations in raptors migrating through the upper Midwestern USA. From 2009-2012, 966 raptors of 11 species were captured at Hawk Ridge, Duluth, MN. Breast feathers were sampled to determine the concentration of total Hg. Mean Hg concentrations ranged from 0.11 – 3.46 μg g<sup>-1</sup> fresh weight across species and were generally higher in raptors that feed on birds in comparison with those that feed on mammals. To evaluate the effect of dietary sources on Hg biomagnification, carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios were measured in feathers of the two species with the highest Hg concentrations, Merlin (<i>Falco columbarius</i>) and Sharp-shinned Hawk (<i>Accipiter striatus</i>). Measured δ<sup>13</sup>C values were similar in both species and indicated a primarily terrestrial-derived diet, whereas δ<sup>15</sup>N values suggested that individual Merlin and Sharp-shinned Hawk feeding at higher trophic levels accumulated higher concentrations of Hg. The risk to birds associated with measured levels of feather Hg was evaluated by calculating blood-equivalent values using an established algorithm. Predicted blood values were then compared to heuristic risk categories synthesized across avian orders. This analysis suggested that while some Merlin and Sharp-shinned Hawk were at moderate risk to adverse effects of MeHg, most of the sampled birds were at negligible or low risk.</p>
Disentangling interactions among mercury, immunity, and infection in a Neotropical bat community
<ol> <li>Contaminants such as mercury are pervasive and can have immunosuppressive effects on wildlife. Impaired immunity could be important for forecasting pathogen spillover risks, as many land-use changes that generate mercury contamination also bring wildlife into close contact with humans and domestic animals. However, the interactions among contaminants, immunity, and infection are difficult to study in natural systems, and empirical tests of possible directional relationships remain rare.</li> <li>We capitalized on extreme mercury variation in a diverse bat community in Belize to test association among contaminants, immunity, and infection. By comparing a previous dataset of bats sampled in 2014 with new data from 2017, representing a period of rapid agricultural land conversion, we first confirmed bat species more reliant on aquatic prey had higher fur mercury. Bats in the agricultural habitat also had higher mercury in recent years. We then tested covariation between mercury and cellular immunity and determined if such relationships mediated associations between mercury and common bacterial pathogens . As bat ecology can dictate exposure to mercury and pathogens, we also assessed species-specific patterns in mercury–infection relationships.</li> <li>Across the bat community, individuals with higher mercury had fewer neutrophils but not lymphocytes, suggesting stronger associations with innate immunity. However, the odds of infection for hemoplasmas and <i>Bartonella </i>spp. were generally lowest in bats with high mercury, and relationships between mercury and immunity did not mediate infection patterns. Mercury also showed species- and clade-specific relationships with infection, being associated with especially low odds for hemoplasmas in <i>Pteronotus mesoamericanus </i>and <i>Dermanura phaeotis</i>. For <i>Bartonella </i>spp., mercury was associated with particularly low odds in the genus <i>Pteronotus</i> but high odds in the Stenodermatinae.</li> <li> <i>Synthesis and application</i>: Lower general infection risk in bats with high mercury despite weaker innate defense suggests contaminant-driven loss of pathogen habitat (i.e., anemia) or vector mortality as possible causes. Greater attention to these potential pathways could help disentangle relationships among contaminants, immunity, and infection in anthropogenic habitats and help forecast disease risks. Our results also suggest contaminants may increase infection risk in some taxa but not others, emphasizing the importance of considering surveillance and management at different phylogenetic scales.</li> </ol>
Data from: Mercury exposure in an endangered seabird: long-term changes and relationships with trophic ecology and breeding success
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Mercury (Hg) is an environmental contaminant which, at high concentrations, can negatively influence avian physiology and demography. Albatrosses (Diomedeidae) have higher Hg burdens than all other avian families. Here, we measure total Hg (THg) concentrations of body feathers from adult grey-headed albatrosses (<i>Thalassarche chrysostoma</i>) at South Georgia. Specifically, we: (i) analyse temporal trends at South Georgia (1989–2013) and make comparisons with other breeding populations; (ii) identify factors driving variation in THg concentrations; and, (iii) examine relationships with breeding success. Mean ± SD feather THg concentrations were 13.0 ± 8.0 µg g<sup>-1</sup> dw, which represents a threefold increase over the past 25 years at South Georgia and is the highest recorded in the <i>Thalassarche</i> genus. Foraging habitat, inferred from stable isotope ratios of carbon (<i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C), significantly influenced THg concentrations – feathers moulted in Antarctic waters had far lower THg concentrations than those moulted in subantarctic or subtropical waters. THg concentrations also increased with trophic level (<i>δ</i><sup>15</sup>N), reflecting the biomagnification process. There was limited support for the influence of sex, age and previous breeding outcome on feather THg concentrations. However, in males, Hg exposure was correlated with breeding outcome – failed birds had significantly higher feather THg concentrations than successful birds. These results provide key insights into the drivers and consequences of Hg exposure in this globally important albatross population.</p>
Data from: Molecular field analysis of trophic relationships in soil-dwelling invertebrates to identify mercury, lead and cadmium transmission through forest ecosystems
Contamination pathways in complex food chains in soil ecosystems can be difficult to elucidate. Molecular analysis of predator gut content can, however, rapidly reveal previously unidentified trophic interactions between invertebrates and thereby uncover pathways of pollutant spread. Here we measured concentrations of the toxic metals lead, cadmium and mercury in carabid beetle predators and their prey. Invertebrates were sampled at one control and four heavy metal polluted sites in order to reveal the impact of diet composition and seasonal variation in prey availability on metal burden in carabids and metal transfer pathways through forest ecosystems. This is the first report, to our knowledge, of carabid diet composition based on PCR analysis of gut contents at the forest community level, rather than in cultivated fields. Extensive screening using group- and species-specific primers revealed that carabids ate primarily earthworms and slugs, as well as smaller numbers of woodlice and springtails. Metal concentrations in carabids correlated with seasonal changes in diet. Mercury accumulated in beetle predators more than in their slug prey. Since earthworms, slugs and carabid beetles are the major prey of many birds and mammals, prey-predator transfer and associated toxicity are major risks at mercury-contaminated sites. Carabids may be useful bioindicators for assessing the impact of pollutants on soil ecosystems, as long as species and seasonal factors are taken into account.
Data from: Foraging and fasting can influence contaminant concentrations in animals: an example with mercury contamination in a free-ranging marine mammal
Large fluctuations in animal body mass in relation to life-history events can influence contaminant concentrations and toxicological risk. We quantified mercury concentrations in adult northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) before and after lengthy at sea foraging trips (n = 89) or fasting periods on land (n = 27), and showed that mercury concentrations in blood and muscle changed in response to these events. The highest blood mercury concentrations were observed after the breeding fast, whereas the highest muscle mercury concentrations were observed when seals returned to land to moult. Mean female blood mercury concentrations decreased by 30% across each of the two annual foraging trips, demonstrating a foraging-associated dilution of mercury concentrations as seals gained mass. Blood mercury concentrations increased by 103% and 24% across the breeding and moulting fasts, respectively, demonstrating a fasting-associated concentration of mercury as seals lost mass. In contrast to blood, mercury concentrations in female's muscle increased by 19% during the post-breeding foraging trip and did not change during the post-moulting foraging trip. While fasting, female muscle mercury concentrations increased 26% during breeding, but decreased 14% during moulting. Consequently, regardless of exposure, an animal's contaminant concentration can be markedly influenced by their annual life-history events.
Data from: The use of a mercury biosensor to evaluate the bioavailability of mercury-thiol complexes and mechanisms of mercury uptake in bacteria
As mercury (Hg) biosensors are sensitive to only intracellular Hg, they are useful in the investigation of Hg uptake mechanisms and the effects of speciation on Hg bioavailability to microbes. In this study, bacterial biosensors were used to evaluate the roles that several transporters such as the glutathione, cystine/cysteine, and Mer transporters play in the uptake of Hg from Hg-thiol complexes by comparing uptake rates in strains with functioning transport systems to strains where these transporters had been knocked out by deletion of key genes. The Hg uptake into the biosensors was quantified based on the intracellular conversion of inorganic mercury (Hg(II)) to elemental mercury (Hg(0)) by the enzyme MerA. It was found that uptake of Hg from Hg-cysteine (Hg(CYS)2) and Hg-glutathione (Hg(GSH)2) complexes occurred at the same rate as that of inorganic complexes of Hg(II) into Escherichia coli strains with and without intact Mer transport systems. However, higher rates of Hg uptake were observed in the strain with a functioning Mer transport system. These results demonstrate that thiol-bound Hg is bioavailable to E. coli and that this bioavailability is higher in Hg-resistant bacteria with a complete Mer system than in non-resistant strains. No difference in the uptake rate of Hg from Hg(GSH)2 was observed in E. coli strains with or without functioning glutathione transport systems. There was also no difference in uptake rates between a wildtype Bacillus subtilis strain with a functioning cystine/cysteine transport system, and a mutant strain where this transport system had been knocked out. These results cast doubt on the viability of the hypothesis that the entire Hg-thiol complex is taken up into the cell by a thiol transporter. It is more likely that the Hg in the Hg-thiol complex is transferred to a transport protein on the cell membrane and is subsequently internalized.
Geological mapping and structural analysis of the western half of the Eminescu quadrangle (H09), Mercury
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Mercury and diabetic in car painters
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Tracking gold mining derived mercury pollution into human diets in the Madre de Dios region of Peru
<p>Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) is the largest global anthropogenic mercury (Hg) source and is widespread in the Peruvian Amazon. While numerous studies have examined fish Hg content near ASGM, Hg accumulation in other commonly consumed animal- and plant-based foods from terrestrial environments is often overlooked. These data were collected in 2018 and 2019 to understand Hg exposure from food staples in Peru's Madre de Dios region. This dataset contains measurements of total Hg and methyl Hg content in locally sourced crops, fish, chicken meat, chicken feathers, and eggs from ASGM-impacted and upstream reference communities. Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope signatures from fish and chicken were also measured to characterize trophic position and magnification.</p>
ConQuest and Mercury results (CCDC)
<p>hydrogen bond prediction between functional groups of the drug and excipients</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.