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Fig. 9. Male anterior thoracic sternum and pleon. A in Revision of the intertidal and semiterrestrial crab genera Chiromantes Gistel, 1848, and Pseudosesarma Serène & Soh, 1970 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Sesarmidae), using morphology and molecular phylogenetics, with the establishment of nine new genera and two new species

Fig. 9. Male anterior thoracic sternum and pleon. A, Chiromantes haematocheir, lectotype male (33.7 × 29.7 mm) (RMNH-D160), Japan; B, C. ryukyuanus, holotype male (33.1 × 29.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-539), Okinawa Island, Japan; C, Orisarma dehaani, lectotype male (39.5 × 35.7 mm) (RMNH-D157), Japan; D, O. neglectum, neotype male (35.6 × 31.8 mm) (ZRC 1998.310), Shanghai, China; E, O. intermedium, lectotype male (23.0 × 19.9 mm) (RMNH-D165), Japan; F, O. sinense, lectotype male (19.0 × 16.6 mm) (MNHN-BP3635a), China; G, O. sinense, male (29.6 × 25.4 mm) (ZRC 1998.1204), Shanghai, China; H, O. patshuni, male (14.2 × 13.0 mm) (ZRC 1998.345), Hong Kong.

Fig. 1. Overall habitus. A in Revision of the intertidal and semiterrestrial crab genera Chiromantes Gistel, 1848, and Pseudosesarma Serène & Soh, 1970 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Sesarmidae), using morphology and molecular phylogenetics, with the establishment of nine new genera and two new species

Fig. 1. Overall habitus. A, Chiromantes haematocheir, lectotype male (33.7 × 29.7 mm) (RMNH-D160), Japan; B, C. ryukyuanus, holotype male (33.1 × 29.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-539), Okinawa Island, Japan; C, Orisarma dehaani, lectotype male (39.5 × 35.7 mm) (RMNH-D157), Japan; D, O. dehaani, male (36.4 × 34.4 mm) (ZRC 2011.1027), Kumejima Island, Japan; E, O. neglectum, neotype male (35.6 × 31.8 mm) (ZRC 1998.310), Shanghai, China; F, O. magnum, paratype male (50.6 × 45.6 mm) (ZRC 2013.0173), Ogasawara Island, Japan; G, O. patshuni, male (14.2 × 13.0 mm) (ZRC 1998.345), Hong Kong; H, O. patshuni, male (20.4 × 18.2 mm) (ZRC 2012.0032), Hong Kong.

Fig. 5. Chela. A, B in Revision of the intertidal and semiterrestrial crab genera Chiromantes Gistel, 1848, and Pseudosesarma Serène & Soh, 1970 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Sesarmidae), using morphology and molecular phylogenetics, with the establishment of nine new genera and two new species

Fig. 5. Chela. A, B, Chiromantes haematocheir, lectotype male (33.7 × 29.7 mm) (RMNH-D160), Japan; C, C. haematocheir, male (18.6 × 20.7 mm) (RUMF-ZC-544), Japan; D–F, Orisarma dehaani, lectotype male (39.5 × 35.7 mm) (RMNH-D157), Japan; G, O. neglectum, neotype male (35.6 × 31.8 mm) (ZRC 1998.310), Shanghai, China; H, O. patshuni, male (14.2 × 13.0 mm) (ZRC 1998.345), Hong Kong; I, O. patshuni, male (20.4 × 18.2 mm) (ZRC 2012.0032), Hong Kong. A, D, G, H, I, outer view; B, C, F, dorso-lateral view; E, inner view.

Fig. 3 in Revision of the intertidal and semiterrestrial crab genera Chiromantes Gistel, 1848, and Pseudosesarma Serène & Soh, 1970 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Sesarmidae), using morphology and molecular phylogenetics, with the establishment of nine new genera and two new species

Fig. 3. Frontal view of cephalothorax. A, Chiromantes haematocheir, lectotype male (33.7 × 29.7 mm) (RMNH-D160), Japan; B, Orisarma dehaani, lectotype male (39.5 × 35.7 mm) (RMNH-D157), Japan; C, O. neglectum, neotype male (35.6 × 31.8 mm) (ZRC 1998.310), Shanghai, China; D, O. intermedium, male (27.1 × 25.2 mm) (ZRC 1970.2.23.6), Japan; E, O. sinense, male (29.6 × 25.4 mm) (ZRC 1998.1204), Shanghai, China; F, O. patshuni, male (14.2 × 13.0 mm) (ZRC 1998.345), Hong Kong.

Fig. 11. A–G in Revision of the intertidal and semiterrestrial crab genera Chiromantes Gistel, 1848, and Pseudosesarma Serène & Soh, 1970 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Sesarmidae), using morphology and molecular phylogenetics, with the establishment of nine new genera and two new species

Fig. 11. A–G, Orisarma dehaani, lectotype male (39.5 × 35.7 mm) (RMNH-D157), Japan; H–L, O. neglectum, neotype male (35.6 × 31.8 mm) (ZRC 1998.310), Shanghai, China; M–P, O. magnum, holotype male (47.2 × 52.2 mm) (CBM-ZC 11452), Ogasawara Island, Japan. A, H, male pleon; B, anterior thoracic sternites 1–4; C, I, N, left G1 (ventral view, denuded); D, J, left G1 (dorsal view, denuded); E, K, O, left distal part of G1 (ventral view, denuded); F, L, P, left distal part of G1 (dorsal view, denuded); G, left G2 (denuded); M, male pleonal somite 6 and telson; M–P, after Komai & Ng (2013: fig. 5A, C, D, E). Scales: A, B, H = 5.0 mm; C, D, G, I, J = 2.0 mm; E, F, K, L = 1.0 mm.

Fig. 4. A, F in Revision of the intertidal and semiterrestrial crab genera Chiromantes Gistel, 1848, and Pseudosesarma Serène & Soh, 1970 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Sesarmidae), using morphology and molecular phylogenetics, with the establishment of nine new genera and two new species

Fig. 4. A, F, Orisarma dehaani, male (36.4 × 34.4 mm) (ZRC 2011.1027), Kumejima Island, Japan; B, D, O. dehaani, male (27.6 × 29.6 mm) (ZRC 2002.0223), Hong Kong; C, E, G, O. neglectum, male (31.7 × 28.0 mm) (ZRC 1998.309), Shanghai, China; H, J, O. intermedium, male (29.5 × 26.5 mm) (ZRC 2001.0034), Pingtung, Taiwan; I, K, O. sinense, male (30.7 × 26.7 mm) (ZRC 2010.0421), China. A–C, dorsal view of carapace; D, E, H, I, frontal and anterolateral margins; F, G, J, K, frontal view of cephalothorax.

Fig. 8. Right third and fourth ambulatory legs. A in Revision of the intertidal and semiterrestrial crab genera Chiromantes Gistel, 1848, and Pseudosesarma Serène & Soh, 1970 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Sesarmidae), using morphology and molecular phylogenetics, with the establishment of nine new genera and two new species

Fig. 8. Right third and fourth ambulatory legs. A, Orisarma intermedium, male (27.0 × 25.0 mm) (ZRC 2013.0140), Kyushu, Japan; B, O. intermedium, male (29.5 × 26.5 mm) (ZRC 2001.0034), Pingtung, Taiwan; C, O. intermedium, male (37.5 × 35.8 mm) (ZRC 2014.0265), Kumejima Island, Japan; D, O. sinense, male (30.7 × 26.7 mm) (ZRC 2010.0421), China.

Fig. 2. Overall habitus. A in Revision of the intertidal and semiterrestrial crab genera Chiromantes Gistel, 1848, and Pseudosesarma Serène & Soh, 1970 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Sesarmidae), using morphology and molecular phylogenetics, with the establishment of nine new genera and two new species

Fig. 2. Overall habitus. A, Orisarma intermedium, lectotype male (23.0 × 19.9 mm) (RMNH-D165), Japan; B, O. intermedium, male (27.1 × 25.2 mm) (ZRC 1970.2.23.6), Japan; C, O. intermedium, male (27.0 × 25.0 mm) (ZRC 2013.0140), Kyushu, Japan; D, O. intermedium, male (29.5 × 26.5 mm) (ZRC 2001.0034), Pingtung, Taiwan; E, O. intermedium, male (34.2 × 30.7 mm) (ZRC 2001.0034), Pingtung, Taiwan; F, O. intermedium, male (37.5 × 35.8 mm) (ZRC 2014.0265), Kumejima Island, Japan; G, O. sinense, lectotype male (19.0 × 16.6 mm) (MNHN-BP3635a), China; H, O. sinense, paralectotype female (18.8 × 16.9 mm) (MNHN-BP3635b), China; I, O. sinense, male (30.7 × 26.7 mm) (ZRC 2010.0421), China; J, Orisarma sinense, male (29.6 × 25.4 mm) (ZRC 1998.1204), Shanghai, China.

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Fig. 1 in Periotic Morphology in the Trichosurin Possums Strigocuscus celebensis and Wyulda squamicaudata (Diprotodontia, Phalangeridae) and a Revised Diagnosis of the Tribe Trichosurini

Fig. 1. Tympanic view of a generalized phalangerid petrosal, with a line showing the crest of the rostral tympanic process (RTTP). The cupula cochleae (CUC) intrudes into the RTTP, splitting it into two portions, which Norris (1994) identified as the rostral and ectotympanic processes (''RTTP'' and ''ECTP''). In fact, both structures are part of the RTTP.

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Fig. 3 in Periotic Morphology in the Trichosurin Possums Strigocuscus celebensis and Wyulda squamicaudata (Diprotodontia, Phalangeridae) and a Revised Diagnosis of the Tribe Trichosurini

Fig. 3. Periotic of AMNH 196920, Wyulda squamicaudata. A. Tympanic face. B. Cerebellar face. Abbreviations: DL, dorsal lamella; MCF, exposure of periotic in middle cranial fossa. Other abbreviations as for figure 2. Approximately 10× life size.

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Figure 6. Paradoris dubia, external morphology. A in A taxonomic revision of Paradoris sea slugs (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Nudibranchia, Doridina)

Figure 6. Paradoris dubia, external morphology. A, dorsal view, AM C145110 #1, scale = 8 mm. B, ventral view, AM C145110 #1, scale = 8 mm. C, dorsal view, with indecora-like tubercles, NMV F20111, scale = 11.3 mm. D, anterior, ventral view, AM C145110 #2, scale = 3.3 mm. E, dorsal pigmentation, NMV F20111, scale = 1 mm. F, dorsal view, with indecora- like tubercles, NMV F86485, scale = 7 mm. G, anterior, ventral view, paratype of leuca, MNZ M.117832, scale = 3.2 mm. H, mantle holes, paratype of leuca, MNZ M.117832, scale = 1.3 mm. I, mantle holes, AM C145212 #1, scale = 1.25 mm. J, oral tentacle, holotype of dubia, ZMUC GAS-2063, scale = 0.8 mm.

Figure 24 in Revision of the genus Bosmina Baird, 1845 (Cladocera: Bosminidae), based on evidence from male morphological characters and molecular phylogenies

Figure 24. Bosmina (Eubosmina) tanakai sp. nov.: adult male from Ichiyanagi Numa Pond, Aomori Prefecture, Japan. A, antenna II; B, distal anterior seta; C–E, limb I; F, tip of copulatory hook; G, subdistal lobe in distal view. Scale bars: 100 Mm.

Figure 22 in Revision of the genus Bosmina Baird, 1845 (Cladocera: Bosminidae), based on evidence from male morphological characters and molecular phylogenies

Figure 22. Bosmina (Eubosmina) tanakai sp. nov.: female from Ichiyanagi Numa Pond, Aomori Prefecture, Japan (A, D–G), and from Konuma (B) and Kussharo (C), Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan. A–C, body outline of large adult; D, E, postabdonem of large adult; F, midgut with loops of an atypical specimen; G, juvenile female. Scale bars: 100 Mm.

Figure 21 in Revision of the genus Bosmina Baird, 1845 (Cladocera: Bosminidae), based on evidence from male morphological characters and molecular phylogenies

Figure 21. Bosmina (Eubosmina) tanakai sp. nov.: ephippial female from Ichiyanagi Numa Pond, Aomori Prefecture, Japan. A, lateral view; B, head, lateral view; C, D, head, anterior view; E, F, region of lateral head pore; G, setae at anteroventral portion of valve; H, I, mucro, inner view. Scale bars: 100 Mm.

Figure 20 in Revision of the genus Bosmina Baird, 1845 (Cladocera: Bosminidae), based on evidence from male morphological characters and molecular phylogenies

Figure 20. Bosmina (Eubosmina) cf. longispina: adult male from a pond in Nome, Alaska, USA. A, lateral view; B, C, head in lateral and anterior view; D, setae at anteroventral portion of valve, inner view; E, mucro, inner view; F, G, postabdomen; H, antenna I, anterior view; I, proximal portion of basal segment of antenna II; J, K, distal portion of limb I in inner (anterior) and external (posterior) view. Scale bars: 100 Mm.

Figure 25. The 50 in Revision of the genus Bosmina Baird, 1845 (Cladocera: Bosminidae), based on evidence from male morphological characters and molecular phylogenies

Figure 25. The 50% majority rule bootstrap tree based on the maximum parsimony analysis of morphological characters for bosminids. The numbers above the branches indicate clade support estimated by nonparametric bootstrapping. The boxes indicate the subgenera (from top to bottom; subgenera are indicated by coloured boxes in the online version of this article) Bosmina (blue), Sinobosmina (green), Liederobosmina (purple), Lunobosmina (turquoise), and Eubosmina (red).

Figure 18 in Revision of the genus Bosmina Baird, 1845 (Cladocera: Bosminidae), based on evidence from male morphological characters and molecular phylogenies

Figure 18. Bosmina (Eubosmina) cf. longispina: male from a lake in tundra, Tareya, Taimyr Autonomous Area, Asian Russia. A, juvenile male I, lateral view; B, postabdomen of juvenile male I; C, distal portion of limb I of juvenile male I, inner view; D, juvenile male II, general view; E, postabdomen of juvenile male II; F, limb I of juvenile male II, inner view; G, adult male (third instar), general view; H, anteroventral portion of valve of adult male, inner view; I, mucro of adult male, inner view; J, postabdomen of adult male; K, distal portion of adult male; L, limb I of adult male, inner view; M, tip of copulatory hook of adult male. Scale bars: 100 Mm.

Figure 17 in Revision of the genus Bosmina Baird, 1845 (Cladocera: Bosminidae), based on evidence from male morphological characters and molecular phylogenies

Figure 17. Bosmina (Eubosmina) cf. longispina: from a lake in tundra, Tareya, Taimyr Autonomous Area, Asian Russia. A, adult male; B, head of adult male, anteroventral view; C, D, postabdomen and its distal portion; E, juvenile male II; F, head of juvenile male II, anteroventral view; G, adult parthenogenetic female, general view; H, head of adult parthenogenetic female, anteroventral view. Scale bars: 100 Mm for (A, B, E, G, H); 10 Mm for (C, D, F).

Figure 16 in Revision of the genus Bosmina Baird, 1845 (Cladocera: Bosminidae), based on evidence from male morphological characters and molecular phylogenies

Figure 16. Bosmina (Lunobosmina) oriens: adult male from a pond on highway 1, Newfoundland, Canada (B–E, G, I–M), and from Hell Hollow Pond, Connecticut, USA (A, F, H, J). A, setae at anteroventral portion of valve, inner view; B–D, postabdomen; E, antenna I, anterior view; F, G, region of aesthetasc location, anterior view; H, region of aesthetasc location, inner view; I, antenna II, anterior view; J, sensory setae at coxal part of antenna II. Scale bars: 100 Mm.

Figure 14 in Revision of the genus Bosmina Baird, 1845 (Cladocera: Bosminidae), based on evidence from male morphological characters and molecular phylogenies

Figure 14. Bosmina (Lunobosmina) oriens: juvenile female from a pond on highway 1, Newfoundland, Canada (A, C–F), and from Great Pond, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, USA (B); juvenile male II from Hell Hollow Pond, Connecticut, USA (G–M). A, B, general view of juvenile female; C, anterior view of juvenile female; D, antennular sensory setae and frontal head pore of juvenile female; E, lateral head pore of juvenile female; F, mucro of juvenile female; G, juvenile male II, general view; H, head of juvenile male II, anterior view; I, mucro of juvenile male II, inner view; J, postabdomen of juvenile male II; K, setae at coxal part of antenna II of juvenile male II; L, rudimentary sensory seta at distal segment of antenna II of juvenile male II; M, distal portion of limb I of juvenile male II. Scale bars: 100 Mm.