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9,798 results for “muscles”
Brain–muscle tissue communication prevents muscle aging by maintaining daily physiology
<p>A network of molecular clocks is crucial for coordinating daily physiology and maintaining organismal health. However, the mechanisms underlying the interactions between these clocks and the significance of intra-tissue clock networks in muscle tissue maintenance have remained elusive. To uncover this network structure, we established a minimal clock module with the central clock (suprachiasmatic nucleus/brain) and/or a peripheral clock (muscle) in arrhythmic mice with premature aging. We find that reconstituting the brain-muscle clock network alone is sufficient to preserve fundamental daily homeostatic functions and prevent premature muscle aging. However, achieving whole muscle daily physiology requires the contribution of other peripheral clocks. Mechanistically, the muscle peripheral clock acts as a gatekeeper, selectively suppressing signals from the central clock that could be detrimental to muscle function if left uncontrolled while also integrating important muscle homeostatic functions. Our findings unveil the reciprocal interactions between central and peripheral clocks crucial for daily muscle function and highlight the significant influence of eating patterns on these interactions. These insights have implications for promoting healthier aging and reversing age-related muscle pathologies.</p>
How small deviations in kinematics and body form dictate muscle performances in the finely tuned avian downstroke
<p>Avian takeoff requires peak pectoralis muscle power to generate sufficient aerodynamic force during the downstroke. Subsequently the much smaller supracoracoideus recovers the wing during the upstroke. How the pectoralis work loop is tuned to power flight is unclear. We integrate wingbeat-resolved muscle, kinematic and aerodynamic recordings <em>in vivo</em> with a new mathematical model to disentangle how the pectoralis muscle overcomes wing inertia and generates aerodynamic force during takeoff in doves. Doves reduce the incidence of their wing mid-downstroke to efficiently generate aerodynamic force, resulting in an aerodynamic power dip, that allows transferring excess pectoralis power into tensioning the supracoracoideus tendon to assist the upstroke—improving the pectoralis work loop efficiency simultaneously. Integrating extant bird data, our model shows how the pectoralis of birds with faster wingtip speed need to generate proportionally more power. Finally, birds with disproportionally larger wing inertia need to activate the pectoralis earlier to tune their downstroke.</p>
Transcriptomic Analysis Data for MSTN Mutations and Mechanisms of Muscle Hypertrophy in a New Guinea Pig Breed
<p>This dataset contains raw RNA-seq data from six guinea pig muscle samples, split into two groups:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Native guinea pigs (B1 to B3):</strong> Control group with no selective breeding.</li> <li><strong>Kuri breed guinea pigs (B4 to B6):</strong> Synthetic hybrid group selectively bred for increased muscle mass.<br>Each sample has paired-end FASTQ files (e.g., B1_1.fq.gz and B1_2.fq.gz).</li> </ul>
Long short-term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural network for muscle activity detection
<p><strong>Background: </strong>The accurate temporal analysis of muscle activation is of great interest in many research areas, spanning<br> from neurorobotic systems to the assessment of altered locomotion patterns in orthopedic and neurological<br> patients and the monitoring of their motor rehabilitation. The performance of the existing muscle activity detectors<br> is strongly affected by both the SNR of the surface electromyography (sEMG) signals and the set of features used to<br> detect the activation intervals. This work aims at introducing and validating a powerful approach to detect muscle<br> activation intervals from sEMG signals, based on long short-term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural networks.<br> </p> <p><strong>Methods: </strong>First, the applicability of the proposed LSTM-based muscle activity detector (LSTM-MAD) is studied<br> through simulated sEMG signals, comparing the LSTM-MAD performance against other two widely used approaches,<br> i.e., the standard approach based on Teager–Kaiser Energy Operator (TKEO) and the traditional approach, used in<br> clinical gait analysis, based on a double-threshold statistical detector (Stat). Second, the effect of the Signal-to-Noise<br> Ratio (SNR) on the performance of the LSTM-MAD is assessed considering simulated signals with nine different SNR<br> values. Finally, the newly introduced approach is validated on real sEMG signals, acquired during both physiological<br> and pathological gait. Electromyography recordings from a total of 20 subjects (8 healthy individuals, 6 orthopedic<br> patients, and 6 neurological patients) were included in the analysis.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: The proposed algorithm overcomes the main limitations of the other tested approaches and it works<br> directly on sEMG signals, without the need for background-noise and SNR estimation (as in Stat). Results demonstrate<br> that LSTM-MAD outperforms the other approaches, revealing higher values of F1-score (F1-score > 0.91) and Jaccard<br> similarity index (Jaccard > 0.85), and lower values of onset/offset bias (average absolute bias < 6 ms), both on simulated<br> and real sEMG signals. Moreover, the advantages of using the LSTM-MAD algorithm are particularly evident for<br> signals featuring a low to medium SNR.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions</strong>: The presented approach LSTM-MAD revealed excellent performances against TKEO and Stat. The<br> validation carried out both on simulated and real signals, considering normal as well as pathological motor function<br> during locomotion, demonstrated that it can be considered a powerful tool in the accurate and effective recognition/<br> distinction of muscle activity from background noise in sEMG signals.</p> <p> </p>
Muscle mass of the long head of the biceps following single and double nerve transfer
<p>The aim of this dataset was to compare the effects of single nerve transfer and double nerve transfer on muscle mass. We developed a novel rat model to investigate the neurophysiological effects of peripheral double nerve transfers to a single target muscle. In 62 male Sprague-Dawley rats the ulnar nerve of the antebrachium alone (n=30) or together with the anterior interosseus nerve (n=32) was transferred to reinnervate the long head of the biceps brachii. To further assess reinnervation, muscle mass was analyzed. Twelve weeks following surgery, after successful reinnervation was confirmed by muscle response to nerve crush and neurotomy, the long head of the biceps muscles were harvested and weighed. To provide internal control, the untreated contralateral muscle heads were also harvested and weighed.</p>
7T Whole Body DMI Proposal Preliminary Data (Brain, Liver, Muscle, Heart)
<p>Deuterium 2H-MRSI preliminary spectra acquired in vivo (brain, liver, heart, muscle) using 3D chemical shift imaging. Matrix size: 16x16x14, 12 mm isotropic, TR=350 ms, TA= 14 min. </p>
Residual force enhancement is reduced in permeabilized fiber bundles from mdm muscles
<p>Residual force enhancement (RFE) is the increase in steady-state force after active stretch relative to the force after isometric contraction at the same final length. The mdm mutation in mice, characterized by a small deletion in N2A titin, has been proposed to prevent N2A titin-actin interactions so that active mdm muscles are more compliant than WT. This decrease in active muscle stiffness should be associated with reduced RFE. We investigated RFE in permeabilized soleus (SOL) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) fiber bundles from wild type and mdm mice. On each fiber bundle, we performed active and passive stretch from an average sarcomere length of 2.6 - 3.0 &[mu]m at a slow rate of 0.04 &[mu]m/s, as well as isometric contractions at the initial and final lengths. One-way ANOVA showed that SOL and EDL fiber bundles from mdm mice exhibited significantly lower RFE than WT (P < 0.0001). This result is consistent with previous observations in single myofibrils and intact muscles. However, it contradicts the results from a previous study which appeared to show that compensatory mechanisms could restore titin force enhancement in single fibers from mdm psoas. We suggest that force enhancement measured previously in mdm single fibers was an artifact of the high variability in passive tension found in degenerating fibers, which begins after ~24 days of age. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that RFE is reduced in mdm skeletal muscles due to impaired Ca2+ dependent titin-actin interactions resulting from the small deletion in N2A titin.</p>
A roadmap to reconstructing muscle architecture from CT data
<div> <span>Skeletal muscle is responsible for voluntary force generation across animals, and muscle architecture largely determines the parameters of mechanical output. The ability to analyze muscle performance through muscle architecture is thus a key step towards better understanding the ecology and evolution of movements and morphologies. In pennate skeletal muscle, volume, fiber lengths and attachment angles to force transmitting structures comprise the most relevant parameters of muscle architecture. Measuring these features through tomographic techniques offers an alternative to tedious and destructive dissections, particularly as the availability of tomographic data is rapidly increasing. However, there is a need for streamlined computational methods to access this information efficiently. Here, we establish and compare workflows using partially automated image analysis for fast and accurate estimation of animal muscle architecture. After isolating a target muscle through segmentation, we evaluate freely available and proprietary fiber tracing algorithms to reconstruct muscle fibers. We then present a script using the Blender Python API to estimate attachment angles, fiber lengths, muscle volume and Physiological Cross-Sectional Area. We apply these methods to insect and vertebrate muscle and provide guided workflows. Results from fiber tracing are consistent compared to manual measurements but much less time-consuming. Lastly, we emphasize the capabilities of the open-source 3D software Blender as both a tool for visualization and a scriptable analytic tool to process digitized anatomical data. Across organisms, it is feasible to extract, analyze, and visualize muscle architecture from tomography data by exploiting the spatial features of scans and the geometric properties of muscle fibers. As digital libraries of anatomies continue to grow, the workflows and approach presented here can be part of the open-source future of digital comparative analysis.</span> </div>
The force response of muscles to activation and length perturbations depends on length history
<p>Recent studies have demonstrated that muscle force is not determined solely by activation under dynamic conditions, and that length history has an important role in determining dynamic muscle force. Yet, the mechanisms for how muscle force is produced under dynamic conditions remain unclear. To explore how muscle force production is determined under dynamic conditions, we investigated the effects of muscle stiffness, activation, and length perturbations on muscle force. First, submaximal isometric contraction was established for whole soleus muscles. Next, the muscles were actively shortened at three velocities. During active shortening, we measured muscle stiffness at L<sub>0 </sub>and<sub> </sub>the force response to time-varying activation and length perturbations. We found that muscle stiffness increased with activation but decreased as shortening velocity increased. The slope of the relationship between maximum force and activation amplitude differed significantly among shortening velocities. Also, the intercept and slope of the relationship between length perturbation amplitude and maximum force decreased with shortening velocities. As shortening velocities were related with muscle stiffness, the results suggest that length history determines muscle stiffness and the history-dependent muscle stiffness influences the contribution of activation to muscle force and the contribution of length perturbations to muscle force. A three-parameter viscoelastic model that included a linear spring and linear damper in parallel with tunable history-dependent spring stiffness proportional to measured muscle stiffness predicted history-dependent muscle force with high accuracy. The results and simulations support the hypothesis that muscle force under dynamic conditions can be accurately predicted as the force response of a history-dependent viscoelastic material to length perturbations.</p>
Shear modulus of the neck muscles of 20 women with and 18 women without chronic neck pain
<p>These data are measurements of neck muscle stiffness captured with shear wave elastography.</p> <p>The methods of data capture are described here: Dieterich, A.V.; Yavuz, U.S.; Petzke, F.; Nordez, A.; Falla, D. Neck muscle stiffness measured with shear wave elastography in women with chronic nonspecific neck pain. J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. 2020, 50, 179-188. doi:10.2519/jospt.2020.8821</p> <p>Participants of group 0 are women with chronic neck pain (n=20).</p> <p>Participants of group 1 are women without spinal pain (control group, n=18).</p> <p>The task codes are</p> <p>61 prone headlift</p> <p>71 balance 1 kg</p> <p>5 office stress</p> <p>20 relaxed sitting</p> <p>21 NeckExtension12N</p> <p>22 NeckExtension24N</p> <p>23 NeckExtension36N</p> <p>24 NeckExtension48N</p> <p>30 NeckRotation.</p> <p>Each result is the average from three task repetitions.</p> <p>Neck muscle stiffness over the trapezius, splenius capitis, semispinalis capitis, semispinalis cervicis, and multifidus muscles is reported in shear wave velocity and shear modulus.</p> <p>Columns F-I are the normalized shear modulus. Normalization has been performed using one of the tasks as a reference.</p>
Understanding muscle function during perturbed in vivo locomotion using a muscle avatar approach
<p>To investigate in vivo mechanics of the guinea fowl lateral gastrocnemius (LG) muscle during obstacle negotiation while running on a treadmill, we used mouse extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles in ex vivo experiments with in vivo strain inputs from perturbed and steady strides obtained in a previous study. In vivo strain trajectories from a stride down from obstacle to treadmill, two strides up from treadmill to obstacle, and a level stride with no obstacle, as well as a sinusoidal strain trajectory at the same amplitude and frequency, were used as inputs in work loop experiments. With five strain trajectories and three activation patterns, each muscle was used in a total of 15 work loop experiments. EDL forces produced using in vivo strain trajectories were more similar to in vivo LG forces (<em>R<sup>2</sup></em> = 0.58 – 0.94) than to forces produced using the sinusoidal trajectory (average <em>R<sup>2</sup></em> = 0.045). Given the same activation, in vivo strain trajectories produced consistent work loops that showed a shift in muscle function from more positive work during strides up from treadmill to obstacle to less positive work in strides down from obstacle to treadmill. Activation, strain trajectory, and activation*strain trajectory interaction had significant effects on all work loop variables, with the interaction having the largest effect on peak force and work per cycle. These results support the hypothesis that muscle is an active material whose viscoelastic properties are tuned by activation, and which produces forces in response to deformations of length associated with time-varying loads.</p>
Untethered Muscle Tracking Supplementary Materials
<p>Supplementary Data for Untethered Muscle Tracking Using Magnetomicrometry</p>
THOR progress presentation 2022: Targeting Smooth Muscle Cells for Atherosclerosis Therapy
<p>This is a recorded talk with head of the THOR project - Jacob Fog Bentzon, where he presents the latest project progress.</p> <p>The talk was given at one of ODIN's (the Open Discovery Innovation Network) Knowledge Sharing Events in May 2022.</p>
Tumor-induced alterations in single-nucleus transcriptome of atrophying muscles
<h3><strong>Experimental Design</strong></h3> <p>Syngeneic C57BL/6 mice injected with Lewis Lung Carcinoma (LLC) cells were sacrificed 16 days after tumor inoculation while they experienced moderate cachexia and loss of muscle mass and function. We investigated single-nucleus transcriptomes of the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle from tumor-bearing mice and their non-tumor-bearing controls.</p> <h3><strong>Protocols</strong></h3> <p>Mice were housed at 22°C and under 50% humidity with 12 hours of light and 12 hours of dark cycles (07:00 – 19:00) and given ad libitum access to a standard rodent chow diet and water in Koc University Animal Research Facility in accordance with institutional policies and animal care ethics guidelines.</p> <p>8-12 weeks old male mice with C57BL/6 background and Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells were used for tumor inoculation. LLC cells were cultured in DMEM (Sigma, no. 5796) with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and penicillin/streptomycin (Invitrogen). 5 million LLC cells were injected subcutaneously over the flank while control mice received PBS only. Muscle tissues were harvested at 16 days after LLC inoculation.</p> <p>TA muscle samples dissected from 6 mice in each group were combined and processed together. Samples were chopped with dissection scissors and placed into a lysis buffer containing 10 mM Tris-HCl, 10 mM NaCl, 3 mM MgCl2, and 0.1% NP40 in nuclease-free water. Samples were homogenized using a douncer and filtered with 70 µm and 40 µm cell strainer. After centrifugation for 5 min at 500 g at 4 °C, supernatant was discarded and nuclei were resuspended and stained with DAPI and subjected to fluorescence activated cell sorting.</p> <p>10X Genomics applications were used following the manufacturer’s guidelines (Chromium Next GEM Single Cell 3ʹ Reagent Kits) to prepare the libraries, which were sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq X system.</p> <h3><strong>Data</strong></h3> <p>Sequencing data was first analyzed and filtered using Cell Ranger (v7.0) Single-Cell Software Suite provided by 10X Genomics. Data was counted and mapped with cellranger count function with --include-introns option for pre-mRNAs (mm10).</p> <p>Further analysis was performed using Seurat (v4.3.0) R (v4.2.2) package on R Studio (v2022.12.0), which filters nuclei, normalizes expression data, and carries out principal component analysis for clustering and Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) visualization.</p> <h3><strong>Code</strong></h3> <p>You can see the code in R script file.</p>
Combining Dipole and Loop Coil Elements for 7 T Magnetic Resonance Studies of the Human Calf Muscle - Dataset
<p>Data necessray to reprodice and to verify the results of the publication "Combining Dipoles and Loops for High SNR and Parallel Imaging Performance in Human Calf Muscle Studies at 7 T".</p>
Effect of long-term physical disability and aging on extracellular matrix biogenesis in human skeletal muscle
<p>Supplemental Table for a study <strong>Effect of long-term physical disability and aging on extracellular matrix biogenesis in human skeletal muscle</strong></p>
At matched loads, aging does not alter ankle, muscle, or tendon stiffness
<p>Older adults have difficulty maintaining balance when faced with postural disturbances, a task that is influenced by the stiffness of the triceps surae and Achilles tendon. Age-related changes in Achilles tendon stiffness have been reported at matched levels of effort, but measures typically have not been made at matched loads, which is important due to age-dependent changes in strength. Moreover, there has been limited investigation into age-dependent changes in muscle stiffness. Here, we investigate how age alters muscle and tendon stiffness and their influence on ankle stiffness. We hypothesized that age-related changes in muscle and tendon contribute to reduced ankle stiffness in older adults and evaluated this hypothesis when either load or effort were matched. We used B-mode ultrasound with joint-level perturbations to quantify ankle, muscle, and tendon stiffness across a range of loads and efforts in seventeen healthy younger and older adults. At matched loads relevant to standing and the stance phase of walking, there was no significant difference in ankle, muscle, or tendon stiffness between groups (all p > 0.13). However, at matched effort, older adults exhibited asignificant decrease in ankle (27%; p = 0.008), muscle (37%; p = 0.02), and tendon stiffness (22%; p = 0.03) at 30% of maximum effort. This is consistent with our finding that older adults were 36% weaker than younger adults in plantarflexion (p = 0.004). Together, these results indicate that, at the loads tested in this study, there are no age-dependent changes in the mechanical properties of muscle or tendon, only differences in strength that result in altered ankle, muscle, and tendon stiffness at matched levels of effort.</p>
Data from: Linking in vivo muscle dynamics to in situ force-length and force-velocity reveals that guinea fowl lateral gastrocnemius operates at shorter than optimal lengths
<p>Force-length (F-L) and force-velocity (F-V) properties characterize skeletal muscle's intrinsic properties under controlled conditions, and it is thought that these properties can inform and predict <em>in vivo</em> muscle function. Here, we map dynamic <em>in vivo</em> operating range and mechanical function during walking and running, to the measured <em>in situ</em> F-L and F-V characteristics of guinea fowl (<em>Numida meleagris</em>) lateral gastrocnemius (LG), a primary ankle extensor. We use <em>in vivo</em> patterns of muscle (tendon) force, fascicle length, and activation to test the hypothesis that muscle fascicles operate at optimal lengths and velocities to maximize force or power production during walking and running. Our findings only partly support our hypothesis: <em>in vivo</em> LG velocities are consistent with optimizing power during work production, and economy of force at higher loads. However, LG does not operate at lengths on the force plateau (±5% Fmax) during force production. LG length was near L<sub>0</sub> at the time of EMG onset but shortened rapidly such that force development during stance occurred almost entirely on the ascending limb of the F-L curve, at shorter than optimal lengths. These data suggest that muscle fascicles shorten across optimal lengths in late swing, to optimize the potential for rapid force development near the swing-stance transition. This may provide resistance against unexpected perturbations that require rapid force development at foot contact. We also found evidence of passive force rise (in absence of EMG activity) in late swing, at lengths where passive force is zero <em>in situ</em>, suggesting that history dependent and viscoelastic effects may contribute to <em>in vivo</em> force development. Direct comparison of<em> in vivo </em>work loops and physiological operating ranges to traditional measures of F-L and F-V properties suggests the need for new approaches to characterize dynamic muscle properties in controlled conditions that more closely resemble <em>in vivo </em>dynamics.</p>
Fig 4 in Proximate composition and its seasonal variations of the muscle tissue of Channa striata from Krishna river, Andhra Pradesh
Fig 4: Ash content variations in muscle of male and female C. striata
Fig 2 in Proximate composition and its seasonal variations of the muscle tissue of Channa striata from Krishna river, Andhra Pradesh
Fig 2: Fat content variations in muscle of male and female C. striata
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.