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FIGURE 13 in Discovery of a new species of Caloptilia (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) from east and central Africa with its suggested associated host (Gentianales: Rubiaceae) and natural enemies (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)
FIGURE 13. Anterior tentorial pit. Scale bar as indicated.
FIGURE 26 in Discovery of a new species of Caloptilia (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) from east and central Africa with its suggested associated host (Gentianales: Rubiaceae) and natural enemies (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)
FIGURE 26. Caloptilia mwamba De Prins, 2015.
Fig. 1 in Behavioral responses of Aphis citricola (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and its natural enemy Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) to non-host plant volatiles
Fig. 1. Total numbers of Aphis citricola (A) and Harmonia axyridis (B) individuals from 2012 to 2015 in relation to ground cover vegetation. C + FM: catnip (Nepeta cataria) + French marigold (Tagetes patula), A + FM: ageratum (Ageratum houstonianum) + French marigold, C + A: catnip + ageratum; CK: native vegetation.
Fig. 4 in Behavioral responses of Aphis citricola (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and its natural enemy Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) to non-host plant volatiles
Fig. 4. Response of Aphis citricola adults to French marigold (Tagetes patula) (A) and catnip (Nepeta cataria) (B). T: Apple trees + aromatic plants; CK: apple trees only. The numbers of asterisks represent the level of significance: ** highly significant (P <0.01); * significant difference (P <0.05).
Figure 1 from: Parizotto DR (2019) Natural enemies of the oil-collecting bee Centris analis (Fabricius, 1804) with notes on the behavior of the cleptoparasite Coelioxys nigrofimbriata Cockerell, 1919 (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 70: 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.70.33042
Figure 1 Number of Centrisanalis nests built and number of nests attacked by Coelioxysnigrofimbriata from January to December 2017.
Figure 1 in Potential interactions between herbivorous arthropods and of their natural enemies on Caryocar brasiliense (Caryocaraceae) trees
Figure 1 Relationship between the number of Eurytoma sp. adults with the percentage of defoliation (A) and numbers of Eutetranychus sp. (B); that of Eurytoma sp. groups of globoid galls (C) and percentage of defoliation (D) with number of Acaridae; and that of Aphis gossypii with those of Pseudococcus sp. (E) and Histiostoma sp. (F) per 12 leaves on Caryocar brasiliense trees in three years. Montes Claros, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The symbols represent the averages. N = 45.
Index of Dryinid Natural Enemies in Dryinidae of the Oriental region (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea)
<p><b>Index of Dryinid Natural Enemies</b></p><table><tbody><tr><th><i>abnormis</i>, <i>Allomicrops</i> 374</th><th>Encyrtidae 290, 298, 343, 350, 374, 378,</th><th></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th><i>abnormis</i>, <i>Ceraphron</i> 343, 350</th><td>392, 418</td><td><i>lateocaudatus</i>, <i>Echthrogonatopus</i> 354</td></tr><tr><th><i>Allomicrops</i> 350, 374</th><td><i>Eupteromalus</i> 350, 374</td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>apanteloctena</i>, <i>Trichomalus</i> 392</th><td><i>exitiosus</i>, <i>Cheiloneurus</i> 350, 354, 374,</td><td><i>pseudophanes</i>, <i>Helegonatopus</i> 374</td></tr><tr><th>Aphelinidae 343, 374</th><td>378, 392</td><td>Pteromalidae 350, 374, 392</td></tr><tr><th><i>Centrodora</i> 343, 374</th><td><i>flaccus</i>, <i>Cheiloneurus</i> 374</td><td><i>quadricolor</i>, <i>Cheiloneurus</i> 290</td></tr><tr><th><i>Ceraphron</i> 12, 343, 350</th><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Ceraphronidae 343, 350, 374</th><td><i>halidayi</i>, <i>Ismarus</i> 120</td><td><i>rugulosus</i>, <i>Ismarus</i> 216</td></tr><tr><th><i>Cheiloneurus</i> 290, 298, 343, 350, 354</th><td><i>hawaiiensis</i>, <i>Cheiloneurus</i> 343</td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td><i>Helegonatopus</i> 374</td><td><i>Trichomalus</i> 350, 392</td></tr><tr><th>Diapriidae 120, 216</th><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td><i>Ismarus</i> 120, 216</td><td><i>xiphidii</i>, <i>Centrodora</i> 343, 374</td></tr><tr><th><i>Echthrogonatopus</i> 354</th><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td><i>javanus</i>, <i>Cheiloneurus</i> 298</td><td><i>yasumatsui</i>, <i>Cheiloneurus</i> 290, 291</td></tr></tbody></table>
Data from: Chemical cues linked to risk: cues from belowground natural enemies enhance plant defences and influence herbivore behaviour and performance
1. Chemical cues are essential for many ecological interactions. Previous studies of chemically mediated multitrophic interactions have typically focused on responses to cues from plants or herbivores aboveground. It is increasingly clear, however, that belowground cues and those produced by organisms at higher trophic levels also have ecological importance. Prey animals often avoid predator odours to improve survival, and previous research documented enhanced plant resistance following contact with belowground natural enemies, though the ecological basis was unknown. 2. Here we investigated plant and insect responses to chemical cues from belowground natural enemies and explored the ecological significance of these cues for multitrophic interactions. More specifically, we examined the influence of odours emitted by entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs), a natural enemy of insect herbivores, on the performance and behaviour of their insect prey and the defence responses of nearby plants. 3. Our findings revealed that EPN-infected insect cadavers emit a characteristic blend of volatile compounds with bioactivity in plants and insects. EPN chemical cues influenced both performance and preference of a specialist herbivore, Colorado potato beetle (CPB, Leptinotarsa decemlineata), feeding on its host plant, potato (Solanum tuberosum). CPB larvae consumed less leaf tissue and gained less mass feeding on plants exposed to EPN cues compared to control plants. Female CPBs laid fewer eggs on plants with EPN cues than on controls, indicating deterrence by EPN cues or EPN-altered plant defences. 4. Plant defences were enhanced by exposure to live EPNs or EPN chemical cues. Potato plants exposed to EPN infective juveniles induced higher amounts of the defence hormone salicylic acid and had higher expression of the pathogen-resistance gene PR-1(PR4) in foliar tissue. Exposing plants to EPN cues primed induction of salicylic acid and jasmonic acid in response to feeding damage by CPB larvae. 5. These findings suggest that herbivores avoid cues from their EPN natural enemies and plants respond to the beneficial nematodes by enhancing systemic defences that reduce herbivore performance. This work has important implications for the chemical ecology of tritrophic interactions as we report that the third trophic level can play direct and indirect roles in plant defence.
Data from: Natural enemies govern ecosystem resilience in the face of extreme droughts
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Data from: Symbionts modify interactions between insects and natural enemies in the field
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Data from: Variation and correlations between sexual, asexual and natural enemy resistance life-history traits in a natural plant pathogen population
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Data from: Chemical cues linked to risk: cues from belowground natural enemies enhance plant defences and influence herbivore behaviour and performance
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Data from: Multiple natural enemies cause distance-dependent mortality at the seed-to-seedling transition
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Plant defense resistance in natural enemies of a specialist insect herbivore
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Data from: Limited effects of the maternal rearing environment on the behaviour and fitness of an insect herbivore and its natural enemy
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Virus mediated trophic interactions between aphids and their natural enemies
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Data from: Harvesting biofuel grasslands has mixed effects on natural enemy communities and no effects on biocontrol services
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New host plants, natural enemy complexes, and distribution of Aleurodicus dispersus (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in India
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FIGURE 1. A–D in Natural enemies of Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae), with description of a new species of Leucopina Malloch (Diptera: Chamaemyiidae)
FIGURE 1. A–D. Allotropa cf. citri. A. Dorsal view. B. Lateral view (the wings have been removed). C. Dorsal view of female scutellum. D. Male antenna. E–F. Prochiloneurus dactylopii. E. Lateral view. F. Female antenna. Scale bar represents 0.5 mm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.