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FIGURE 1. Neighbour-Net constructed from uncorrected P in Taraxacum mirabile, an enigmatic sexual halophilous endemic dandelion, represents a new section
FIGURE 1. Neighbour-Net constructed from uncorrected P-distances in SplitsTree based on nrDNA ITS sequences of sexual members of 26 Taraxacum sections. The names of the stenoendemic taxa treated in the present paper are marked. The presentation is simplified; details of the analysis are available on request.
A new sectional classification of Lachenalia (Asparagaceae) based on a multilocus DNA phylogeny
<p><i>Lachenalia</i><b> </b>J.Jacq. ex Murray (Asparagaceae; Scilloideae; Hyacintheae) is a large and morphologically diverse genus of more than 140 bulbous species endemic to southern Africa. Previous attempts to infer a well resolved and robustly supported phylogeny of <i>Lachenalia</i> using Sanger sequencing of candidate loci and/or morphological characters have been largely unsuccessful. Consequently, the current infrageneric classification is artificial and there is a need to explore alternative avenues to produce a phylogenetic classification. In this paper we present a novel phylogenetic hypothesis for <i>Lachenalia</i> inferred using maximum likelihood and coalescent-based species tree estimation (ASTRAL) as applied to 378 hybrid-enrichment loci. Our tree is well resolved and well supported, providing strong support for a monophyletic radiation of the genus in southern Africa and a solid foundation for a revised infrageneric classification. The well-supported placement of <i>L. isopetala</i> Jacq. as sister to <i>Lachenalia</i> + <i>Massonia</i> supports the establishment of a new monotypic genus, <i>Pseudolachenalia</i> G.D.Duncan, to accommodate this species. Conversely, the inclusion of species previously classified as <i>Polyxena</i> Kunth within the <i>Lachenalia</i> clade supports the transfer of these species to <i>Lachenalia</i>. Within <i>Lachenalia</i>, the delimitation of subgenera and sections is complicated by the highly imbalanced character of the phylogeny and by the high levels of homoplasy shown by most morphological characters traditionally used to delimit species in this group. Nonetheless, we propose an infrageneric taxonomy comprising 10 morphologically distinct, monophyletic sections. The largest of these, section <i>Lachenalia</i>, is further divided into 13 more-or-less diagnosable, monophyletic subsections. Keys to the sections of <i>Lachenalia</i>, and to the subsections of section <i>Lachenalia</i>, are provided.</p>
FIGURE 4 in Hygrophorus aurantiosquamosus (Hygrophoraceae, Agaricales), a new species of Hygrophorus section Chrysodontes from western China
FIGURE 4. Basidia and cystidia of Hygrophorus aurantiosquamosus and H. chrysodon. a–b Basidia; c, e Cheilocystidia; d, f Pleurocystidia. a, c–d from H. aurantiosquamosus (a, c from KUN-HKAS 49277, d from KUN-HKAS 80742); b, e–f from H. chrysodon (E00905347). Bars = 10 μm. (Photos by: H.Y. Huang)
FIGURE 2 in Hygrophorus aurantiosquamosus (Hygrophoraceae, Agaricales), a new species of Hygrophorus section Chrysodontes from western China
FIGURE 2. Basidioma of Hygrophorus aurantiosquamosus. a KUN-HKAS 53917; b, d KUN-HKAS 49277; c KUN-HKAS 80742 (holotype) (a, b, d photo by Z.W. Ge; c photos by K. Zhao).
FIGURE. 1 in Hygrophorus aurantiosquamosus (Hygrophoraceae, Agaricales), a new species of Hygrophorus section Chrysodontes from western China
FIGURE. 1 Phylogenetic relationship of Hygrophorus section Chrysodontes based on the ITS dataset. RAxML bootstrap values (BP ≥ 50%) and Bayesian Posterior Probabilities (PP ≥ 0.90) are indicated along branches. The new species is in red font.
FIGURE 3 in Hygrophorus aurantiosquamosus (Hygrophoraceae, Agaricales), a new species of Hygrophorus section Chrysodontes from western China
FIGURE 3. Basidiospores of Hygrophorus aurantiosquamosus and H. chrysodon. a, c from H. aurantiosquamosus (a from KUN-HKAS 80742, c from KUN-HKAS 53917); b, d from H. chrysodon (E00905347). Bars: a–b = 10 μm under light microscope, c–d = 1 μm under SEM. (Photos by: H.Y. Huang)
FIGURE 5 in Hygrophorus aurantiosquamosus (Hygrophoraceae, Agaricales), a new species of Hygrophorus section Chrysodontes from western China
FIGURE 5. Microscopic features of Hygrophorus aurantiosquamosus and H. chrysodon. a Lamellar trama; b–d Pileipellis; e–f Floccule on stipe. a–c, e–f from H. aurantiosquamosus (a–c from KUN-HKAS 80742, e–f from KUN-HKAS 49277); d from H. chrysodon (E00905347). Bars: a–b = 100 μm; c–f = 10 μm. (Photos by: H.Y. Huang)
FIGURE 6 in A New Species of Dendrobium Section Spatulata From Maluku, Indonesia
FIGURE 6. Labellum in flat shape (excluding the claw). A, Dendrobium burkeanum–from holotype coll. D. Burke, cult. J. Veitch s.n. (redrawn from Omerod's illustration (Ormerod 2009)). B, Dendrobium brillianum–from holotype Demmeni s.n. (redrawn from J.J.Smith's illustration (Smith 1929)). Line drawing by Destario Metusala (A) and Reza Saputra (B).
FIGURE 4 in A New Species of Dendrobium Section Spatulata From Maluku, Indonesia
FIGURE 4. Side view of the front lip's callus. A, Dendrobium dedeksantosoi. B, Dendrobium taurinum. Photos by Destario Metusala
FIGURE 3. Dendrobium dedeksantosoi A—C in A New Species of Dendrobium Section Spatulata From Maluku, Indonesia
FIGURE 3. Dendrobium dedeksantosoi A—C, flower (A, front view; B, oblique view; C, side view). D—F, flattened sepals-petals (D, lateral sepal; E, petal; F, dorsal sepal). G, column (G1) with foot and lip's claw (G2), flattened, ventral view. H, column with foot and lip's claw, natural shape, side view. I, anther cap, front view. J, pollinia. K, labellum, without lip's claw, flattened. Drawn by Destario Metusala.
FIGURE 5. A—C, Dendrobium busuangense. A, Inflorescence. B in A New Species of Dendrobium Section Spatulata From Maluku, Indonesia
FIGURE 5. A—C, Dendrobium busuangense. A, Inflorescence. B, Flower (A—B from a plant in the natural habitat in Palawan Island, Philippines). C, Flower (Redrawn from Ames' illustration (Ames 1920)). D, Dendrobium stockelbuschii (old flower in cultivation). Photo & illustration: A—B by Peter O'Byrne, C—D by Destario Metusala.
A new remarkable dwarf sedge (Carex phylloscirpoid, Cyperaceae) from Northern Chile, with insights on the evolution of Austral section Racemosae
<p>We describe a new remarkable dwarf and apparently acaulescent species of <i>Carex</i> (Cyperaceae)<i> </i>from the Andes of northern Chile: <b><i>Carex phylloscirpoides</i></b>. Morphological and molecular data (two nuclear and three plastid DNA regions) were used to study the phylogenetic placement and systematic relationships of this species, which resulted in its assignment to section <i>Racemosae</i>. However, despite being related to the other three species of the section present in the Southern Cone based on phylogenetic evidence, it displays a number of unusual morphological features. In addition, it is geographically disjunct and genetically differentiated from them. A conservation assessment was performed which resulted in the proposal of the Critically Endangered category at the global level under IUCN guidelines. We discuss the biogeographic and ecological peculiarities of the new species and its allies, with emphasis in the high number of acaulescent sedges present in South America. The features of <b><i>C. phylloscirpoides</i> </b>emphasize its unique evolutionary position and its rarity highlights its conservation importance, especially in the context of the South American Andean flora.</p>
FIGURE 4. Anthoceros telaganus. A. Whole plant. B. Thallus transverse section with schizogenous cavities. C. Antheridia with tiered jacket cell arrangement. D. Involucre transverse section with schizogenous cavities. E in Anthoceros subtilis and A. telaganus (Anthocerotaceae): two new records for America from the hornwort flora of Mexico
FIGURE 4. Anthoceros telaganus. A. Whole plant. B. Thallus transverse section with schizogenous cavities. C. Antheridia with tiered jacket cell arrangement. D. Involucre transverse section with schizogenous cavities. E. Sporophyte transverse section with epidermal layer (ep), assimilative layer (as), spore (sp) and columella (co). F. Epidermal layer of capsule with stomata. G. Spore ornamentation on distal surface (i), proximal surface (ii) and pseudoelaters.
FIGURE. Microscopic structures of Gloeocantharellus salmonicolor (TH0817, holotype). a. Pileipellis with gloeoplerous hypha. b. Ornamented basidiospores drawn in surface view or optical section. c. Gloeocystidia. d. Basidia at different developmental stages. Bars = 10 µm. Drawings by K. Reschke. in New and interesting species of Agaricomycetes from Panama
FIGURE. Microscopic structures of Gloeocantharellus salmonicolor (TH0817, holotype). a. Pileipellis with gloeoplerous hypha. b. Ornamented basidiospores drawn in surface view or optical section. c. Gloeocystidia. d. Basidia at different developmental stages. Bars = 10 µm. Drawings by K. Reschke.
Figures 2–10 in A new species of Oxalis section Corniculatae (Oxalidaceae) from the Balearic islands
Figures 2–10. SEM pictures of Oxalis ferae sp. nov. Collection details. Fig. 2. Glabrescent floral peduncle. Scale bar = 100 Mm. Fig. 3. Undersurface of leaflet. Scale bar = 1 mm. Figs 4–5. Petiolule. Scale bars: Fig. 4 = 1 mm; Fig. 5 = 200 Mm. Fig. 6. Midrib of undersurface of leaflet. Scale bar = 500 Mm. Figs 7–10. Seeds. Scale bars = 500 Mm.
Figure 1 in A new species of Oxalis section Corniculatae (Oxalidaceae) from the Balearic islands
Figure 1. Oxalis ferae sp. nov. Collection details. A, habit. B, pedicel with fresh fruit. C, dry fruit. D, dehiscent fruit with seeds. Scale bar = 2 cm.
FIGURE 5. Bulbophyllum truongtamii Vuong, Aver. V.S.Dang.A. Flowering plant. B in Bulbophyllum section Rhytionanthos (Orchidaceae) in Vietnam with description of new taxa and new national record
FIGURE 5. Bulbophyllum truongtamii Vuong, Aver. V.S.Dang.A. Flowering plant. B. Leaf apex, adaxial and abaxial side. C. Inflorescences. D. Floral bract. E. Flowers, frontal and back views. F. Median sepal, adaxial and abaxial side. G. Lateral sepals, adaxial and abaxial side. H. Petals, adaxial and abaxial side. I. Lip, views from different sides. J. Pedicel, ovary and column with sepals removed (above), and with all tepals removed (below). K. Column, frontal view. L. Column, half side and side views. M. Anther cap, views from different sides. N. Pollinia. Photos by Truong Ba Vuong, correction and design by L. Averyanov and T. Maisak.
FIGURE 4 in Bulbophyllum section Rhytionanthos (Orchidaceae) in Vietnam with description of new taxa and new national record
FIGURE 4. Four observed forms of Bulbophyllum taeniophyllum var. denticulatoalatum Vuong & Aver. A, B [BV 1156 (VNM)], C, D [BV 1155 (VNM)], E, F [BV 1171 (VNM)], G,H [BV 1160 (VNM)]. All photos by Truong Ba Vuong.
FIGURE 3. Bulbophyllum taeniophyllum var. denticulatoalatum Vuong & Aver. A. Flowering plant. B. Pseudobulbs. C in Bulbophyllum section Rhytionanthos (Orchidaceae) in Vietnam with description of new taxa and new national record
FIGURE 3. Bulbophyllum taeniophyllum var. denticulatoalatum Vuong & Aver. A. Flowering plant. B. Pseudobulbs. C. Pseudobulb and leaf, adaxial side. D. Abaxial leaf surface. E. Inflorescence. F. Flowers, frontal view. G. Flowers, half side and side views. H. Median sepal, adaxial and abaxial side. I. Lateral sepals, adaxial and abaxial side. J. Petals, adaxial and abaxial side. K. Lip, views from different sides. L. Ovary, column, and lip, side view. M. Pedicel, ovary and column, side view. N. Column, frontal and side views. O. Anther cap, views from different sides. P. Pollinia. Photos by Truong Ba Vuong, correction and design by L. Averyanov and T. Maisak.
FIGURE 2. Bulbophyllum strigosum Garay. A. Flowering plant. B. Inflorescences. C. Floral bract. D in Bulbophyllum section Rhytionanthos (Orchidaceae) in Vietnam with description of new taxa and new national record
FIGURE 2. Bulbophyllum strigosum Garay. A. Flowering plant. B. Inflorescences. C. Floral bract. D. Flowers, half side, side, and back views. E. Median sepal, adaxial and abaxial side. F. Median sepal margin. G. Lateral sepals, adaxial and abaxial sides. H. Lateral sepal margin. I. Petals, adaxial and abaxial side. J. Lip, views from different sides. K. Pedicel, ovary and column, side view. L. Column, frontal and side views. M. Anther cap, views from different sides. N. Pollinia. Photos by Truong Ba Vuong, correction and design by L. Averyanov and T. Maisak.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.