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Fig. 2 in Variability Of The Phenotypic Composition Of Cepaea Hortensis (Gastropoda, Helicidae) In Western Ukraine: In Space And Time

Fig. 2. The number of studied sites in Lviv with different frequencies of banded, yellow and white unbanded shells. The numerals on the abscissa indicate the frequency intervals: 0 — absent, 1 — up to 10 %, 2 — from 11 to 20 %, etc.

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Fig. 1 in Variability Of The Phenotypic Composition Of Cepaea Hortensis (Gastropoda, Helicidae) In Western Ukraine: In Space And Time

Fig. 1. Location of the sites in Lviv used for the quantitative study of the shell coloration variability of C. hortensis in 1999–2004 (A) and in 2015–2021 (B).

Figure 7 in Mitochondrial DNA control region variability of wild boar Sus scrofa with various external phenotypes in Turkey

Figure 7. Median-joining network of 68 haplotypes from 485 wild boars from different regions of the world. Circle sizes are proportional to haplotype frequencies and numbers refer to haplotype codes in Table 2. Numbers on the branches indicate the number of nucleotide substitutions, if more than one. Major haplogroups are delimited by dashed lines. A, Asian; NE, Near Eastern; E1, European E1; E2, European E2. Haplotypes exclusive to Turkey are labeled in green.

Figure 3 in Mitochondrial DNA control region variability of wild boar Sus scrofa with various external phenotypes in Turkey

Figure 3. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of haplotypes of the Turkish wild boars (Sus scrofa) obtained in the present study, based on the partial D-loop sequences of mtDNA. Numbers above or below branches indicate bootstrap values. TR numbers refer to current haplotype numbers in Table 1 and H numbers refer to the published haplotype labels downloaded from GenBank (Table 2). E1: European 1 haplogroup/clade in Figure 5, NE: Near East haplogroup/ clade in Figure 5.

Figure 2 in Mitochondrial DNA control region variability of wild boar Sus scrofa with various external phenotypes in Turkey

Figure 2. Various phenotypes of obtained Turkish wild boar individuals from different localities studied presently.

Figure 6 in Mitochondrial DNA control region variability of wild boar Sus scrofa with various external phenotypes in Turkey

Figure 6. Bayesian inference tree based on 68 partial D-loop haplotypes of 485 wild boars (both obtained in this study and downloaded from GenBank). Posterior probabilities are indicated at nodes. Haplogroups: A, Asian; NE, Near Eastern; E1, European E1; E2, European E2. Outgroup taxa are Sus barbatus and Phacochoerus aethiopicus.

Figure 1 in Mitochondrial DNA control region variability of wild boar Sus scrofa with various external phenotypes in Turkey

Figure 1. Location map of the 70 samples examined in this study: black dots indicate local samples of one or more individuals and numbers refer to locality names in Table 1. TT (Turkish Thrace, 1–4), SWA (Southwestern Anatolia, 5–11), CA (Central Anatolia, 12–26), NEA (Northeastern Anatolia, 27–30), and SEA (Southeastern Anatolia, 31–34).

Figure 5 in Mitochondrial DNA control region variability of wild boar Sus scrofa with various external phenotypes in Turkey

Figure 5. Maximum likelihood tree based on 68 haplotypes from 485 wild boar D-loop region sequences (both obtained in this study and downloaded from GenBank). Numbers above or below branches indicate bootstrap support values. Haplogroups: A, Asian; NE, Near Eastern; E1, European E1; E2, European E2. Outgroup taxa are Sus barbatus and Phacochoerus aethiopicus.

Figure 4 in Mitochondrial DNA control region variability of wild boar Sus scrofa with various external phenotypes in Turkey

Figure 4. Bayesian phylogenetic tree constructed from haplotypes of the wild boar (Sus scrofa) samples collected in this study, based on the partial D-loop sequences of mtDNA. Posterior probabilities are indicated at nodes. TR numbers refer to current haplotype numbers in Table 1 and H numbers refer to the published haplotype labels downloaded from GenBank (Table 2). E1: European 1 haplogroup/clade in Figure 5, NE: Near East haplogroup/clade in Figure 5.

Fig. 5 in Phenotypic structure of Colombian populations of Anastrepha fraterculus complex (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Fig. 5. Box-plots of the significant linear variables and Kruskal-Wallis analysis of means comparing eggs among populations of the Anastrepha fraterculus Andean morphotype in Colombia. Means topped by the same letter are not significantly different at the 5% significance level.

Fig. 3 in Phenotypic structure of Colombian populations of Anastrepha fraterculus complex (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Fig. 3. Box-plots of the significant linear variables and Kruskal-Wallis analysis of means comparing males among populations of the Anastrepha fraterculus Andean morphotype in Colombia. Means topped by the same letter are not significantly different at the 5% significance level.

Fig. 4 in Phenotypic structure of Colombian populations of Anastrepha fraterculus complex (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Fig. 4. Box-plots of the significant linear variables and Kruskal-Wallis analysis of means comparing larvae among populations of the Anastrepha fraterculus Andean morphotype in Colombia. Means topped by the same letter are not significantly different at the 5% significance level.

Fig. 2 in Phenotypic structure of Colombian populations of Anastrepha fraterculus complex (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Fig. 2. Box-plots of the significant linear variables and Kruskal-Wallis analysis of means comparing females among populations of the Anastrepha fraterculus Andean morphotype in Colombia. Means topped by the same letter are not significantly different at the 5% significance level.

Fig. 1 in Phenotypic structure of Colombian populations of Anastrepha fraterculus complex (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Fig. 1. Geographic distribution of populations of the Anastrepha fraterculus Andean morphotype collected in Colombia. Chp: Cachipay; Dtm: Duitama; Flb: Florida Blanca; Ibg: Ibagué; Lun: La Unión; Pns: Pensilvania; Rnd: Roldanillo; Sby: Sibundoy; Svl: Sevilla.

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Figs 1, 2 in Phenotypic matching in ovipositor size in the parasitoid Galeopsomyia sp. (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae) attacking different gall inducers

Figs 1, 2. Phenotic matching between the parasitoid Galeopsomyia sp. (Eulophidae) and its galling hosts, five species of Bruggmania (Cecidomyiidae, B. elongata, B. robusta, B. acaudata, and Bruggmania sp. 1 and sp. 2) in Guapira opposita (Nyctaginaceae): Fig. 1, gall thickness (dimension between the outer wall of the gall and the larval chamber); Fig. 2, female ovipositor length of parasitoid in the different hosts.

Fig. 4 in On the distinctive call of a threatened phenotype of Allobates femoralis (Anura: Aromobatidae) and its recognition by allopatric conspecific males

Fig. 4. (a) Differences in latencY to first orientation towards loudspeakers of male Allobates femoralis (Boulenger, 1884) tested at RFAD with plaYbacks of acoustic stimuli built from recordings of natural calls. (b) Differences in latencY to focal males approach within 30 cm of loudspeakers in the same experiments. Values in top-right corner of (b) and (c) correspond to Kruskall-Wallis Test statistics and p-values, assuming Chi-square distribution with two degrees of freedom.

Fig. 3 in On the distinctive call of a threatened phenotype of Allobates femoralis (Anura: Aromobatidae) and its recognition by allopatric conspecific males

Fig. 3. (a) Waveform (upper graph) and spectrogram (lower graph) of a 14 s bout of advertisement calls of Allobates femoralis (Boulenger, 1884) recorded near Altamira, State of Pará, Brazil. First three calls are considered warm-up calls, formed by four notes. Remaining calls are formed by six notes. (b) Detailed view of waveform and spectrogram of a single call formed by six notes, originating from the same call bout. Roman numerals correspond to the designation of silent intervals between notes; arabic numerals correspond to the designation of notes (see Table 1 for a description of parameters of notes and silent intervals). Air temperature at the time of recording was 29.0°C.

Fig. 2 in On the distinctive call of a threatened phenotype of Allobates femoralis (Anura: Aromobatidae) and its recognition by allopatric conspecific males

Fig. 2. Sample spectrograms of stimuli used in the playback experiments conducted at Reserva Ducke (RFAD), in Manaus, Brazil, from December 2011 to April 2012. The original advertisement calls of A. femoralis males used for the stimuli were recorded in (a) RFAD, Manaus, State of Amazonas, Brazil in June 2008, by L. K. Erdtmann; (b) Belterra, State of Pará, Brazil, in January 2007, by P. I. Simões; (c) Altamira, State of Pará, Brazil, in March 2009, by A.P. Lima. Air temperature at the time of recording was 24.7 °C, 24.7 °C, 28.6 °C, respectivelY. Advertisement calls were analYZed in Raven 1.2 using Blackmann window, 80% overlapping and a fast Fourier transform with frequency resolution of 80 Hz and 2048 points.

Fig. 1 in On the distinctive call of a threatened phenotype of Allobates femoralis (Anura: Aromobatidae) and its recognition by allopatric conspecific males

Fig. 1. (A) Location of the study site and sources of Allobates femoralis (Boulenger, 1884) acoustic stimuli in the Central Brazilian Amazon. Open triangle: Reserva Ducke (RFAD), north of Manaus, State of Amazonas, where behavioral experiments were conducted. At RFAD A. femoralis males emit advertisement calls formed by four notes. Open dot: Belterra, State of Pará, where A. femoralis males also emit calls formed by four notes. Solid dot: Altamira, State of Pará, where A. femoralis males emit calls formed by six notes. (B) Distribution of the six-note advertisement call phenotype of A. femoralis in the Altamira region (graY dots) and depiction of hYpothesiZed effects of Belo Monte power plant along the area delimited bY a black dashed line in (A). The estimation of impacted areas was adapted from SEVÁ FILHO (2005) and does not depict effects predicted from forest clearing and other human activities around the urban perimeters of Altamira and Vitória do Xingu.