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FIGURE 2 in New species of the Corumbataia cuestae group (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Rio Tocantins basin, with comments on its phylogenetic relationships
FIGURE 2 | Corumbataia acanthodela, holotype, MZUSP 125794, male 27.9 mm SL, from Rio Maranhão, Rio Tocantins basin, Niquelândia, Goiás, Brazil.
FIGURE 6 in New species of the Corumbataia cuestae group (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Rio Tocantins basin, with comments on its phylogenetic relationships
FIGURE 6 | Distribution of Corumbataia species. Yellow circles: C. acanthodela, Rio Maranhão; Green circle: C. anosteos, Rio Piçarras; Blue circle: C. britskii, Rio Sucuriu; White circle: C. canoeiro, Rio Paranã; Orange circles: C. cuestae, Rio Tietê; Purple circle: C. liliai, Rio Correntes; Brown circles: C. lucianoi, Rio Correntes; Red circle: C. tocantinensis, Rio Vermelho; Pink circle: C. veadeiros, Rio Paranã.
Figure 14 in On a remarkable new species of Tharsis, a Late Jurassic teleostean fish from southern Germany: its morphology and phylogenetic relationships
Figure 14. Caudal vertebrae and caudal skeleton of Tharsis dubius (JME-SOS 02633) in lateral view. Note the polyural condition of ural centra U1 to U6. Arrows point to the dorsal processes of caudal fin rays. Note that the dorsal processes have additional elongate processes. Abbreviations are as follows: an.p, anterior process; d.scu, piece of dorsal scute; E1–3, epural 1–3; H1–3, hypurals 1–3; nsPU2, 1, neural spine of preural centrum 2, 1; PH, parhypural; PU4, 1, preural centrum 4, 1; UN1, 5, uroneural 1, 5.
Figure 12 in On a remarkable new species of Tharsis, a Late Jurassic teleostean fish from southern Germany: its morphology and phylogenetic relationships
Figure 12. Hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships of the Late Jurassic Ascalabos, Ebertichthys and Tharsis among the most primitive teleosts (Tharsis elleri n. sp. highlighted in bold). Synapomorphies supporting the main nodes are listed below; for a complete list see Arratia (2017: 114–118). Uniquely derived characters are identified with an asterisk (∗). See Supplement S1 for descriptions of characters listed below. Node A (Teleosteomorpha or total-group teleost): 13[0]∗, 24[1], 29[1], 45[0]∗, 56[1], 62[1], 104[0]∗, 123[1], 124[1], 128[1], 136[1], 143[1], 145[1], 162[1]∗, 171[1], 187[1], 190[1]∗, 191[1]∗, 194[1] and 195[1]∗. Characters 190–192, 194 and 195 are soft anatomical features that are unknown in fossils, but the parsimony analysis predicts that they were present at this phylogenetic level. Node B: 26[1], 30[1], 39[1], 59[1∗], 61[1], 87[1], 89[1], 107[1], 114[1], 126[1], 142[1], 152[1] and 167[1]. Node C (Teleostei- or apomorphy-based group): 3[1], 11[1], 23[2], 53[1], 70[1], 71[1], 73[1], 77[2], 78[1], 115[1], 173[2] and 178[1]. Node C1 (Pholidophoriformes): 2[1], 7[1], 23[1], 124[0], 125[1]∗, 129[1] and 165[1]. Node C2 (Pholidophoridae): 1[1]∗, 3[2], 11[0], 20[1], 26[0], 27[1], 77[1], 88[0], 89[0], 111[0], 114[0], 115[0], 133[1], 142[0] and 152[0].Node D: 16[1]∗, 86[1]∗, 87[2], 91[1], 123[3], 149[1], 151[1], 167[0], 171[0] and 187[0]. Node E: 23[0], 26[0], 30[0], 47[1], 75[1], 76[1]∗, 127[1], 173[3] and 175[2]. Node F: 11[0], 67[2], 72[1], 74[1]∗, 119[1]∗ and 133[1]. Node G: 8[2], 28[1], 35[1], 56[2], 92[1]∗, 107[3]∗, 108[1]∗, 109[1]∗, 116[1]∗, 121[1], 122[2], 130[1], 132[1], 138[1], 140[1], 141[1], 144[1], 147[1], 160[1], 164[1], 170[2], 174[1]∗, 177[1], 180[1], 181[2] and 188[1]. Node H: 22[1], 30[1], 33[1], 34[1], 35[2], 37[1], 53[3], 55[1], 78[0], 108[2]∗, 109[2]∗, 110[1]∗, 142[0], 165[1], 168[2] and 176[1]. Node H1 (Ascalaboidae): 112[1]∗, 133[0] and 135[1]. Node H2 (Ebertichthys + Ascalabos): 44[1], 65[1]∗, 103[1], 105[1]∗, 118[1]∗, 128[0] and 164[0]. Node H3 (Tharsis dubius Tharsis elleri): 41[1], 48[1], 72[0], + 154[1], 168[1], 196[1]∗, 197[1]∗ and 198[1]∗. Node I: 36[1], 38[1], 129[1], 161[1], 163[1] and 166[1]. Node J (Varasichthyidae): 94[1]∗, 95[1], 120[1], 122[1], 154[1], 167[1], 173[2], 182[1]∗ and 183[1]∗. Node J1: 141[0], 142[1], 144[0] and 146[1]. Node J2: 30[0], 145[0], 152[3], 154[0] and 155[1]. Node K (crown-group Teleostei): 41[1], 71[0], 73[0], 117[1], 134[2]∗, 152[3], 156[1], 175[0] and 177[0]. Node L (elopomorphs): 30[0], 57[1]∗, 62[0], 148[1]∗, 153[1], 155[1] and 177[2]. Node L1: 70[0], 142[1] and 144[1]. Node M (osteoglossomorphs): 8[0], 36[0], 43[1], 46[1]∗, 48[1], 49[1], 55[2], 56[0], 67[1], 83[1]∗, 100[1], 103[1], 128[0], 136[0], 143[0], 149[2] and 173[0]. Node N: 30[2] and 32[1]∗.
Figure 11. Tharsis elleri n in On a remarkable new species of Tharsis, a Late Jurassic teleostean fish from southern Germany: its morphology and phylogenetic relationships
Figure 11. Tharsis elleri n. sp. Cycloid scale from the caudal peduncle of the holotype JME-SOS 08326.
Figure 13 in On a remarkable new species of Tharsis, a Late Jurassic teleostean fish from southern Germany: its morphology and phylogenetic relationships
Figure 13. Tharsis dubius in lateral view. (a) Restoration of skull (NHM P.51759). (b) Caudal skeleton (NHM P.927), showing only the proximal region of hypurals interpreted here as 6 to 9. Two black arrows point to the dorsal processes of principal caudal fin rays. Slightly modified from Patterson and Rosen (1977). Abbreviations are as follows: ang, angular; de, dentary; d.scu, dorsal scute; dsp, dermosphenotic; E1–3, epural 1–3; ebfu, epaxial basal fulcra; ffr, fringing fulcrum; H1–3, hypurals 1–3; H9?, hypural 9?; hsPU2, haemal spine of preural centrum 2; io1–4, infraorbitals 1–4; iop, interopercle; met, mesethmoid; mx, maxilla; na, nasal bone; nsPU2, neural spine of preural centrum 2; op, opercle; pa (fr), parietal (frontal); par, parasphenoid; PH, parhypural; pmx, premaxilla; pop, preopercle; ppa (pa), postparietal (parietal); PU4, 1, preural centrum 4, 1; PR1, 10, principal caudal ray 1, 10; pt, pterotic, qu, quadrate; smx1–2, supramaxillae 1–2; sob, supraorbital bone; soc, supraoccipital; sop, subopercle; UN1–7, uroneural 1–7.
Figure 10. Tharsis elleri n in On a remarkable new species of Tharsis, a Late Jurassic teleostean fish from southern Germany: its morphology and phylogenetic relationships
Figure 10. Tharsis elleri n. sp. Caudal endoskeleton and tail in lateral view of the holotype JME-SOS 08326. (a) Photograph of the posterior part of the body of the specimen under UV light. Scale bar equals 5 mm. (b) Drawing of the caudal skeleton. Arrow points to the hypurapophysis. Abbreviations are as follows: d.H, displaced hypural; d.UN, displaced uroneural; H1–4, hypurals 1–4; hsPU2, haemal spine of preural centrum 2; nsPU2, neural spines of preural centrum 2; PH, parhypural; pr.c, procurrent ray; PU1, 4, preural centra 1, 4; UN1–4, uroneurals 1–4; PR1–19, principal rays 1–19; v.csu, ventral caudal scute.
Figure 8. Tharsis elleri n in On a remarkable new species of Tharsis, a Late Jurassic teleostean fish from southern Germany: its morphology and phylogenetic relationships
Figure 8. Tharsis elleri n. sp. (a) First dorsal pterygiophore of the holotype JME-SOS 08326. (b) First dorsal pterygiophore and associated bones of Ebertichthys ettlingensis (modified from Arratia, 2016). Abbreviations are as follows: 1std.pt, first dorsal pterygiophore; ANT, anterior direction; pr.dr, dorsal procurrent rays; sn, supraneurals.
Figure 9 in On a remarkable new species of Tharsis, a Late Jurassic teleostean fish from southern Germany: its morphology and phylogenetic relationships
Figure 9. Caudal endoskeleton and tail in lateral view of the holotype JME-SOS 08326. (a) Photograph of the posterior part of the body of the specimen under UV light. (b) Drawing of the caudal skeleton. The white arrow points to the hypurapophysis; the two black arrows point to the dorsal processes of principal caudal fin rays. Abbreviations are as follows: d.scu, dorsal caudal scute; E1–3, epural 1–3; ebfu, epaxial basal fulcra; ffu, fringing fulcrum; H1–2, hypurals 1–2; hbfu?, hypaxial basal fulcra?; hsPU2, haemal spine of preural centrum 4; nsPU, neural spines of preural centrum 2; PH, parhypural; prp, procurrent ray; PU1, 4, preural centra 1, 4; "UD", "urodermal"; UN1–4, uroneurals 1–4; PR1–19, principal rays 1–19; v.csu, ventral caudal scute.
Figure 7. Tharsis elleri n in On a remarkable new species of Tharsis, a Late Jurassic teleostean fish from southern Germany: its morphology and phylogenetic relationships
Figure 7. Tharsis elleri n. sp. (a) Section of the abdominal region of the vertebral column of the paratype JME-SOS 08367 illustrating the parapophyses (arrows) fused to their respective centrum. Scale bar equals 5 mm. (b) Abdominal vertebrae of Tharsis dubius (JME-SOS 02633) illustrating the autogenous condition of the parapophysis. Abbreviations are as follows: epin.p, epineural process; na, neural arch; ns, neural spine; paph, parapophysis; ri, rib; vc, vertebral centrum.
Figure 6. Tharsis elleri n in On a remarkable new species of Tharsis, a Late Jurassic teleostean fish from southern Germany: its morphology and phylogenetic relationships
Figure 6. Tharsis elleri n. sp. Details of the middle body region and of certain vertebrae. (a) Limit between abdominal and caudal regions in the holotype JME-SOS 08326 under UV light, dorsal and pelvic fins, and intestine. Scale bar is 5 mm. (b) Line drawing of vertebral region illustrated in (a). The arrows in (a) and (b) mark the same rib. (c) Line drawing of similar vertebral region in the paratype (JME-SOS 08367). Abbreviations are as follows: 1st.dpt, first dorsal pterygiophore; a.pt, remains of anal pterygiophore; d.f, dorsal fin; epin.p, epineural process; ha, haemal arch; hs, haemal spine; na, neural arch; ns, neural spine; paph, parapophyses; pel.f, pelvic fin; pel.p, pelvic plate; ri, rib; vc, vertebral centra.
Figure 5. Tharsis elleri n in On a remarkable new species of Tharsis, a Late Jurassic teleostean fish from southern Germany: its morphology and phylogenetic relationships
Figure 5. Tharsis elleri n. sp. Drawing of the partially preserved sclerotic bones in the paratype JME-SOS 08367. An arrow points to the ventral contact between anterior and posterior sclerotic bones.
Figure 2. Tharsis elleri n in On a remarkable new species of Tharsis, a Late Jurassic teleostean fish from southern Germany: its morphology and phylogenetic relationships
Figure 2. Tharsis elleri n. sp. in lateral view. (a) Holotype JME-SOS 08326 under normal light. (b) Holotype JM-SOS 08326 under UV light. (c) Paratype JME-SOS 08367 under normal light. (d) Paratype JME-SOS 08367 under UV light. Scale bars equal 1 cm.
Figure 3 in On a remarkable new species of Tharsis, a Late Jurassic teleostean fish from southern Germany: its morphology and phylogenetic relationships
Figure 3. Photographs of the head of Tharsis elleri n. sp. under UV light. (a) Holotype (JME-SOS 08326). (b) Paratype (JME-SOS 08367). Scale bars equal 1 cm. Abbreviations are as follows: ang, angular; asp, autosphenotic; br.r, branchiostegal ray; cl, cleithrum; cor, coracoid; de, dentary; exc, extrascapula; hy, hyomandibula; io1–4, infraorbitals 1–4; iop, interopercle; lat.e, lateral ethmoid; met, mesethmoid; mtg?, metapterygoid; mx, maxilla; op, opercle; pa (fr), parietal bone (frontal); par, parasphenoid; p.f, pectoral fin; p. ax?, pectoral axillary process?; pop, preopercle; ppa (pa), postparietal bone (parietal); pmx, premaxilla; p.ra, pectoral radial; pt, pterotic; ptt, posttemporal; ptt.f, posttemporal fossa; qu, quadrate; ri, rib; scl, supracleithrum; scl.b, sclerotic bones; smx1–2, supramaxillae 1–2; sob, supraorbital bone; soc, supraoccipital; sop, subopercle; sy, symplectic, vc, vertebral centrum.
Figure 1 in On a remarkable new species of Tharsis, a Late Jurassic teleostean fish from southern Germany: its morphology and phylogenetic relationships
Figure 1. Distribution of plattenkalk basins and reef areas in the southern Franconian Jura during the early Tithonian (modified from Viohl, 1996 with the addition of new localities). The new fish described herein was recovered in the Wegscheid Quarry, near Schernfeld.
Figure 4. Tharsis elleri n in On a remarkable new species of Tharsis, a Late Jurassic teleostean fish from southern Germany: its morphology and phylogenetic relationships
Figure 4. Tharsis elleri n. sp. Drawing of head bones in lateral view (JME-SOS 08326) based on specimen under normal light. Abbreviations are as follows: ang, angular; asp, autosphenotic; br.r, branchiostegal ray; cl, cleithrum; cor, coracoid; de, dentary; exc, extrascapula; iop, interopercle;, hy hyomandibula; io1–4, infraorbitals 1–4; met, mesethmoid; mx, maxilla; op, opercle; pa (fr), parietal (frontal); par, parasphenoid; pmx, premaxilla; pop, preopercle; pt, pterotic; qu, quadrate; ra, pectoral radial; scl, supracleithrum; scl.b, sclerotic bone; smx1–2, supramaxillae 1–2; sob, supraorbital; sop, subopercle;?, unidentified bone.
FIGURE 1 in New species of the Corumbataia cuestae group (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Rio Tocantins basin, with comments on its phylogenetic relationships
FIGURE 1 | A. Maximum likelihood – ML (LogL = -3132.01) tree of Corumbataia species using TN93+G+I nucleotide substitution model and based on the analysis of partial sequence of cytochrome oxidase C subunit I (COI). Numbers at nodes are bootstrap values based on 1000 pseudoreplicates. Values below 50% are not shown. B. Majority rule consensus tree obtained in Bayesian analysis using GTR+I. Numbers below branches are posterior probabilities obtained from 10000 trees.
Table 1 in A phylogenetic survey of the ascomycete genus Arthrorhaphis (Arthrorhaphidaceae, Lecanoromycetes) including new species in Arthrorhaphis citrinella sensu lato
<p><b>Table 1.</b> Strictly lichenicolous species of <i>Arthrorhaphis</i> with their host lichens and references.</p><table><tbody><tr><th>Taxon</th><th>Hosts</th><th>References</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th><i>Arthrorhaphis aeruginosa</i></th><td><i>Cladonia</i> spp. squamules, rarely podetia</td><td>Santesson & Tønsberg, 1994</td></tr><tr><th><i>Arthrorhaphis arctoparmeliae</i></th><td><i>Arctoparmelia incurva</i></td><td>Kocourková & Van den Boom, 2005</td></tr><tr><th><i>Arthrorhaphis grisea</i></th><td><i>Baeomyces rufus</i>, <i>B. placophyllus</i></td><td>Obermayer, 1994</td></tr><tr><th><i>Arthrorhaphis muddii</i></th><td><i>Dibaeis baeomyces</i></td><td>Obermayer, 1994</td></tr><tr><th><i>Arthrorhaphis olivaceae</i></th><td><i>Melanohalea olivacea</i></td><td>Santesson & Tønsberg, 1994</td></tr><tr><th><i>Arthrorhaphis phyllobaeis</i></th><td><i>Phyllobaeis imbricata</i></td><td>Etayo, 2017</td></tr></tbody></table>
Figure 4 in A new species of Halisaurus from the Late Cretaceous phosphates of Morocco, and the phylogenetical relationships of the Halisaurinae (Squamata: Mosasauridae)
Figure 4. Halisaurus arambourgi sp. nov. A, MNHN PMC 15, referred specimen, disarticulated cranium, Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian), Oulad Abdoun Basin, Morocco; B, OCP DEK/GE 100, referred specimen, incomplete disarticulated skeleton, Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian), Oulad Abdoun Basin, Morocco. Scale bars = 10 cm.
Fig. 2. – Nematanthus exsertus Chautems. A in Description and phylogenetic position of a new species of Nematanthus (Gesneriaceae) from Bahia, Brazil
Fig. 2. – Nematanthus exsertus Chautems. A. Habit with pendent pedicels in native habitat; B. Flowering shoots; C. Close-up of shoot showing stem and petiole indumentum; D. Close-up of corolla showing exserted stamens and style.
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