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211 results for “plant ecology”
Supplementary material 1 from: Vilà M, Trillo A, Castro-Díez P, Gallardo B, Bacher S (2024) Field studies of the ecological impacts of invasive plants in Europe. NeoBiota 90: 139-159. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.90.112368
Supplementary information
Ecological resilience of physical plant–soil feedback to chronic deer herbivory: slow, partial but functional recovery
<p>Ecological resilience to ungulate overbrowsing is an important issue in forest ecosystem. After chronic herbivory, the recovery rate of understory vegetation and its related functions can be slow even with decreasing grazing intensity; thus, detecting elasticity during alternative successional trajectories is fundamental to understanding state perturbations. In this context, we focused on physical plant–soil feedback (functional interactions between plant growths and soil physical conditions), and evaluated elasticity and recovery processes according to deer density. The effects of 40-year chronic herbivory by sika deer (average density 14.7 individuals km<sup>-2</sup>) on the recovery of understory plant communities and associated improvements in soil physical properties in headwater catchments were assessed. Using 8 years of catchment-wide exclusion (fenced) and reduction (only culled; average 4.3 individuals km<sup>-2</sup>) treatments, plot sampling was conducted in 2010 (before treatment) and 2018 (after treatment). The recovery of vegetation and soil physical properties were evaluated, and functional plant–soil relationships and spatial variability were assessed to detect recovery processes during alternative successional trajectory. Woody species increased only under the exclusion treatment and the average soil bulk density was lower than that under reduction treatments. Soil bulk density was negatively correlated with root biomass in the fenced catchment, and root biomass was positively associated with woody species richness. Reduced soil bulk density (~0.5 g cm<sup>-3</sup>) was observed with greater root biomass and woody species richness on upper hillslopes in the deer-excluded catchment where plant coverage was minimal. Successional failure under the reduction treatment suggested slow recovery with a depressed threshold according to deer density, indicating a clockwise hysteretic response to deer density. Unlike plant coverage during the earlier period of overbrowsing, woody species root development led the recovery of functional physical plant–soil feedback; however, this was probably limited by the higher soil erosion rate in riparian areas and an underdeveloped herb layer. Our results highlight an alternative recovery trajectory of physical plant–soil feedback driven by an alternative plant element (woody roots) to degradation trajectory with decreasing plant cover. However, riparian erosion and herb layer would still suppress recovery. Therefore, recovery might be slower at landscape scale.</p>
Data from Hildesheim LS, Opedal ØH, Armbruster WS, Pélabon C. 2019. Quantitative and qualitative consequences of reduced pollen loads in a mixed-mating plant. Ecology and Evolution.
<p class="Normal1">Greater pollination intensity can enhance maternal plant fitness by increasing seed set and seed quality as a result of more intense pollen competition or enhanced genetic sampling. We tested experimentally these effects by varying the pollen load from a single pollen donor on stigmas of female flowers of <i>Dalechampia scandens </i>(Euphorbiaceae) and measuring the effects on seed number and seed mass.<b> </b>Seed set increased rapidly with pollen number at low to moderate pollen loads, and a maximum set of three seeds occurred with a mean pollen load of 19 pollen grains. We did not detect a trade-off between the number of seeds and seed mass within a fruit. Seed mass increased with increasing pollen load, supporting the hypothesis of enhanced seed quality via increased pollen-competition intensity or genetic sampling. These results suggest that maternal fitness increases with larger pollen loads, even when the fertilization success is already high. Our results further highlight the importance of high rates of pollen arrival onto stigmas, as mediated by reliable pollinators. Comparing the pollen-to-seed response curve obtained in this experiment with those observed in natural populations suggests that pollen limitation may be more severe in natural populations than detected in greenhouse studies. The results also indicate that declining pollinator abundance may decrease seed quality before an effect on seed set is detected.</p>
Data from: Insights into the ecology and evolution of polyploid plants through network analysis
Polyploidy is a widespread phenomenon throughout eukaryotes, with important ecological and evolutionary consequences. Although genes operate as components of complex pathways and networks, polyploid changes in genes and gene expression have typically been evaluated as either individual genes or as a part of broad-scale analyses. Network analysis has been fruitful in associating genomic and other 'omic'-based changes with phenotype for many systems. In polyploid species, network analysis has the potential not only to facilitate a better understanding of the complex 'omic' underpinnings of phenotypic and ecological traits common to polyploidy, but also to provide novel insight into the interaction among duplicated genes and genomes. This adds perspective to the global patterns of expression (and other 'omic') change that accompany polyploidy and to the patterns of recruitment and/or loss of genes following polyploidization. While network analysis in polyploid species faces challenges common to other analyses of duplicated genomes, present technologies combined with thoughtful experimental design provide a powerful system to explore polyploid evolution. Here, we demonstrate the utility and potential of network analysis to questions pertaining to polyploidy with an example involving evolution of the transgressively superior cotton fibres found in polyploid Gossypium hirsutum. By combining network analysis with prior knowledge, we provide further insights into the role of profilins in fibre domestication and exemplify the potential for network analysis in polyploid species.
FIGURE 9 in Metriocnemus erythranthei sp. nov. and Limnophyes viribus sp. nov. (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae): leafminers of monkeyflowers, speedwells, and other herbaceous plants, with new observations on the ecology and habitats of other leaf-mining Chironomidae
FIGURE 9. Limnophyes viribus sp. nov., male (a–d). a. tentorium; b. thorax; c. wing; d. hypopygium.
Supplementary material 2 from: Parisy B, Schmidt NM, Wirta H, Stewart L, Pellissier L, Holben WE, Pannoni S, Somervuo P, Jones MM, Siren J, Vesterinen E, Ovaskainen O, Roslin T (2023) Ecological signals of arctic plant-microbe associations are consistent across eDNA and vegetation surveys. Metabarcoding and Metagenomics 7: e99979. https://doi.org/10.3897/mbmg.7.99979
Key to taxa for Figure 5, figures S11A and S11B
Supplementary material 1 from: Parisy B, Schmidt NM, Wirta H, Stewart L, Pellissier L, Holben WE, Pannoni S, Somervuo P, Jones MM, Siren J, Vesterinen E, Ovaskainen O, Roslin T (2023) Ecological signals of arctic plant-microbe associations are consistent across eDNA and vegetation surveys. Metabarcoding and Metagenomics 7: e99979. https://doi.org/10.3897/mbmg.7.99979
Complementary figures and details about the article
Data from: Two dimensions define the variation of fine root traits across plant communities under the joint influence of ecological succession and annual mowing
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Data from: Insights into the ecology and evolution of polyploid plants through network analysis
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Ecological resilience of physical plant–soil feedback to chronic deer herbivory: slow, partial but functional recovery
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Data from: Ecological and evolutionary responses of an arctic plant to variation in microclimate and soil
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Soil microbial legacy drives crop diversity advantage: linking ecological plant-soil feedback with agricultural intercropping
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Data from: Efficient screening of transgenic plant lines for ecological research
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Data from: Interspecific plant competition mediates the metabolic and ecological signature of a plant-herbivore interaction under warming and elevated CO2
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Data from: Testing for ecological limitation of diversification: a case study using parasitic plants
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Data from: Historical and ecological controls on phylogenetic diversity in Californian plant communities
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Data from: The stable isotope ecology of mycalesine butterflies: implications for plant-insect co-evolution
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Unraveling the roles of various ecological factors in seedling recruitment to facilitate plant regeneration
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Data from: The relative importance of rapid evolution for plant-microbe interactions depends on ecological context
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Data from: The genetic architecture of a complex ecological trait: host plant use in the specialist moth, Heliothis subflexa
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