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294 results for “temporal pattern”
Data from: Temporal patterns of diversification across global cichlid biodiversity (Acanthomorpha: Cichlidae)
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Data from: Temporal patterns in the abundance of a critically endangered marsupial relates to disturbance by roads and agriculture
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Patterns of annual and seasonal immune investment in a temporal reproductive opportunist
<p> Historically, investigations of how organismal investments in immunity fluctuate in response to environmental and physiological changes have focused on seasonally breeding organisms that confine reproduction to seasons with relatively unchallenging environmental conditions and abundant resources. The red crossbill, <i>Loxia curvirostra,</i> is<i> </i>a songbird that can breed opportunistically if conifer seeds are abundant, on both short, cold, and long, warm days, providing an ideal system to investigate environmental and reproductive effects on immunity. In this study, we measured inter- and intra-annual variation in complement, natural antibodies, PIT54, and leukocytes in crossbills across four summers (2010-2013) and multiple seasons within one year (summer 2011-spring 2012). Overall, we observed substantial changes in crossbill immune investment among summers, with interannual variation driven largely by food resources, while variation across multiple seasons within a single cone year was less pronounced and lacked a dominant predictor of immune investment. However, we found weak evidence that physiological processes (e.g., reproductive condition, moult) or abiotic factors (e.g., temperature, precipitation) affect immune investment. Collectively, this study suggests that a reproductively flexible organism may be able to invest in both reproduction and survival-related processes, potentially by exploiting rich patches with abundant resources. More broadly, these results emphasize the need for more longitudinal studies of trade-offs associated with immune investment.</p>
Radical change: Temporal patterns of oxidative stress during social ascent in a dominance hierarchy
<p>Dominant individuals have priority access to mates and resources. However, high rank can be costly too, especially when it is maintained by intense agonistic behavior. Oxidative stress has been proposed as a potential cost of social dominance. However, social dominance hierarchies can be dynamic, and few studies have examined the cost of social dominance when males are changing status. We studied temporal changes in markers of oxidative stress during social ascent in the East African cichlid fish <i>Astatotilapia burtoni</i>. After removing the dominant male, males ascended from subordinate to dominant status. On the first day of social ascent, immediately after the dominant male removal, the newly dominant male showed lower levels of plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC). However, we found that liver TAC and liver superoxide dismutase, an enzymatic antioxidant, were significantly upregulated on day 1 and 2 of social ascent, respectively. By day 14, all markers of oxidative stress were similar to those observed in stable dominant males, which has higher levels of reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM) compared to subordinate males. We conclude that markers of oxidative stress vary dramatically during social ascent in a time- and tissue-sensitive manner. Our study provides a more nuanced look at the oxidative cost of social dominance and highlights the importance of considering temporal changes in markers of oxidative stress during important life-history events.</p>
Figure 4 in Temporal patterns of the calanoid copepod community in Veliko Jezero, an isolated marine lake (South Adriatic Sea): links to a larger-scale climate changes
Figure 4. Mean Margalef's species richness and Shannon–Wiener diversity index values per year; 90% confidence intervals are shown.
Figure 3 in Temporal patterns of the calanoid copepod community in Veliko Jezero, an isolated marine lake (South Adriatic Sea): links to a larger-scale climate changes
Figure 3. Seasonal and inter-annual patterns of total calanoid abundance (individuals per m3) (left scale and bars) and their contribution (%) to total mesozooplankton abundance (right scale and line) over the study period.
Figure 2 in Temporal patterns of the calanoid copepod community in Veliko Jezero, an isolated marine lake (South Adriatic Sea): links to a larger-scale climate changes
Figure 2. Seasonal and inter-annual patterns of hydrographic parameters (temperature and salinity) over the study period.
Anuran accents: Continental-scale citizen science data reveal spatial and temporal patterns of call variability
<p>Data and code associated with the 2020 publication in Ecology and Evolution (doi:10.1002/ece3.6833).</p>
Spatial and temporal variation in prey colour patterns for background-matching across a continuous heterogeneous environment
<p>In heterogeneous habitats, camouflage via background-matching can be challenging because visual characteristics can vary dramatically across small spatial scales. Additionally, temporal variation in signalling functions of colouration can affect crypsis, especially when animals use colouration seasonally for intraspecific signalling (e.g. mate selection). We currently have a poor understanding of how wild prey optimise background-matching within continuously heterogeneous habitats, and whether this is affected by requirements of intraspecific signalling across biological seasons. Here, we quantified colour patterns of a wild population of shore skink (<i>Oligosoma smithi</i>), a variably coloured lizard endemic to New Zealand, to 1) investigate whether background-matching varies across a vegetation gradient; 2) assess potential signalling functions of colour; and 3) to determine whether there is a trade-off between requirements for crypsis and intraspecific signalling in colouration across seasons. Although all pattern types occurred throughout the vegetation gradient, we found evidence for background-matching in skinks across the vegetation gradient, where dorsal brightness and pattern complexity corresponded with the proportion of vegetation cover. There was also a significant disparity between ventral colour (saturation) of juveniles and adults, and also between sexes, suggestive of sex recognition. However, there was little indication that colour was condition-dependent in adults. Despite some evidence for a potential role in signalling, crypsis did not greatly differ across seasons. Our study suggests that selection favours a mix of generalist and specialist background-matching strategies across continuously heterogeneous habitats.</p>
Data from: Morphological variability in propagules of a desert annual as a function of rainfall patterns at different temporal and spatial scales
1.Organisms living in highly variable environments have to display integrated strategies to deal with both systematic and random variation occurring at different temporal and spatial scales. Two predictions were tested by analysing geographic-scale patterns of seed size and seed retention (serotiny) in Chorizanthe rigida, a strict winter desert annual that delays seed dispersal and releases propagules after rainfall events: (a) Adaptation to systematic environmental cues occurs by means of changes in morphology, and (b) within-individual variation in seed size allows a differential response to rainfall cues: while some seeds germinate rapidly others are retained for future rainfall events. 2.We quantified morphological variation and performed germination experiments on C. rigida propagules (involucres + achenes) from six populations distributed throughout the Mojave and Sonoran deserts covering: (a) a systematic, west-to-east, winter-to-bi-seasonal (summer and winter) precipitation gradient, and (b) a winter-rain unpredictability gradient inferred from long-term climatic data. 3.The propagule retention structure (i.e., base area of the pedicel) of C. rigida individuals experiencing bi-seasonal rainfall are double the size of those that have evolved under a strict winter rainfall regime, showing that populations living in bi-seasonal environments have higher seed retention which allows them to avoid releasing seeds to a summer rainfall cue. 4.Within-individual variance of propagule size varied significantly between populations and was correlated with winter rainfall variability in each site. 5.Germination varied as a function of propagule size; smaller seeds germinated more readily than larger seeds. Increased variability in propagule size might result in a more variable germination response. 6.Under common experimental conditions germination varied significantly among sites and was negatively correlated with mean winter effective precipitation, suggesting that propagules from populations in drier sites have lower germination moisture thresholds. 7.Synthesis. C. rigida propagules have larger bases in deserts with biseasonal rainfall, which allows them to avoid seed release during summer rainfall cues, and display within-individual seed variance associated to rainfall unpredictability, a trait often interpreted as a bet-hedging strategy. Our study provides empirical evidence of an integrated strategy that allows to cope with both random and systematic rainfall variation.
Data from: Spatial and temporal patterns of nest distribution influences sexual selection in a marine fish
In many species, the natural distribution of material resources important for reproduction can profoundly impact reproductive success among individuals and, hence, the opportunity and intensity of sexual selection. Here, we report on a field-based experiment investigating the effects of nest aggregation on sexual selection in a fish, the sand goby (Pomatoschistus minutus). We found that the distribution of potential nests (sparse versus aggregated nest treatments) affected patterns of nest colonization and reproductive success. Specifically, in the treatment with aggregated nesting resources, a greater proportion of nests remained unoccupied by sand goby males. Although the size of nesting males did not differ between treatments, eggs accumulated more rapidly when nests were sparsely distributed. We found that the opportunity for selection decreased over time with the accumulation of eggs in the nests in both the aggregated and sparse treatments. Moreover, the effect of male size on reproductive success was influenced by an interaction between nest distribution and time, with the selection gradient being highest right after nest colonization when nests were aggregated, while the opposite pattern was observed in the sparse nest treatment. Such findings highlight the vital role that environmental and social factors can play in determining the importance of male phenotypic traits (in this case, male size). More broadly, our results also underscore how the natural distribution of resources, both in space and time, can impact the strength of sexual selection acting on wild animal populations.
Data from: Temporal patterns of diversification in Brassicaceae demonstrate decoupling of rate shifts and mesopolyploidization events
Background and Aims Whole-genome duplication (WGD) events are considered important driving forces of diversification. At least 11 out of 52 Brassicaceae tribes had independent mesopolyploid WGDs followed by diploidization processes. However, the association between mesopolyploidy and subsequent diversification is equivocal. Herein we show the results from a family-wide diversification analysis on Brassicaceae, and elaborate on the hypothesis that polyploidization per se is a fundamental driver in Brassicaceae evolution. Methods We established a time-calibrated chronogram based on whole plastid genomes comprising representative Brassicaceae taxa and published data spanning the entire Rosidae clade. This allowed to set multiple calibration points and anchored various Brassicaceae taxa for subsequent downstream analyses. All major splits among Brassicaceae lineages were used in BEAST analyses of individually analysed 48 tribes comprising 2101 taxa in total using the internal transcribed spacers of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Diversification patterns were investigated on these tribe-wide chronograms using BAMM and were compared with family-wide data on genome size variation and species richness. Key results Brassicaceae diverged 29.9 Mya during the Oligocene, and the majority of tribes started diversification in the Miocene with an average crown group age of about 12.5 Mya. This matches the cooling phase right after the Mid Miocene climatic optimum. Significant rate shifts were detected in 12 out of 52 tribes during the Mio- and Pliocene, decoupled from preceding mesopolyploid WGDs. Among the various factors analysed the combined effect of tribal crown group age and net diversification rate (speciation minus extinction) is likely to explain sufficiently species richness across Brassicaceae tribes. Conclusions The onset of the evolutionary splits among tribes took place under cooler and drier conditions. Pleistocene glacial cycles may have contributed to the maintenance of high diversification rates. Rate shifts are not consistently associated with mesopolyploid WGD. We propose, therefore, that WGDs in general serve as a constant "pump" for continuous and high species diversification.
Temporal patterns of forest seedling emergence across different disturbance histories data
<p>Forest ecosystems experience a myriad of natural and anthropogenic disturbances that shape ecological communities. Seedling emergence is a critical, preliminary stage in the recovery of forests post-disturbance and is triggered by a series of abiotic and biotic changes. However, the long-term influence of different disturbance histories on patterns of seedling emergence is poorly understood.</p> <p>Here, we address this research gap by using an 11-year dataset gathered between 2009 and 2020 to quantify the influence of different histories of natural (wildfire) and anthropogenic (clearcut and post-fire salvage logging) disturbances on emerging seedlings in early successional Mountain Ash forests in south-eastern Australia. We also describe patterns of seedling emergence across older successional forests varying in stand age (stands that regenerated in <1900s, 1939, 1970-90 and 2007-11).</p> <p>Seedling emergence was highest in the first three years post-disturbance. Stand age and disturbance history significantly influenced the composition and abundance of plant seedlings. Specifically, in salvage logged forests, plant seedlings were the most different from similarly aged forests with other disturbance histories. For instance, relative to clearcut and unlogged, burnt forests of the same age, salvage logging had the lowest overall richness, the lowest counts of <i>Acacia </i>seedlings, and an absence of common species including <i>Acacia obliquinervia, Acacia frigescens, Cassinia arcuealta, Olearia argophylla, Pimelea axiflora, Polyscias sambucifolia </i>and <i>Prosanthera melissifolia</i> over the survey period.</p> <p><i>Synthesis:</i> Our findings provide important new insights into the influence of different disturbance histories on regenerating forests and can help predict plant community responses to future disturbances, which may influence forest recovery under altered disturbance regimes.</p>
Supplementary material 1 from: Zhao M, Tian Y, Dong N, Hu Y, Tian G, Lei Y (2022) Spatial and temporal dynamics of habitat quality in response to socioeconomic and landscape patterns in the context of urbanization: A case in Zhengzhou City, China. Nature Conservation 48: 185-212. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.48.85179
Notes on the data
On the Understandability of Temporal Properties Formalized in Linear Temporal Logic, Property Specification Patterns and Event Processing Language
<p>Experimental material & data</p>
Supplementary material 3 from: Cabezas MP, Ros M, Santos AM, Martínez-Laiz G, Xavier R, Montelli L, Hoffman R, Fersi A, Dauvin JC, Guerra-García JM (2019) Unravelling the origin and introduction pattern of the tropical species Paracaprella pusilla Mayer, 1890 (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Caprellidae) in temperate European waters: first molecular insights from a spatial and temporal perspective. NeoBiota 47: 43-80. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.47.32408
: Data type: molecular data
Supplementary material 4 from: Cabezas MP, Ros M, Santos AM, Martínez-Laiz G, Xavier R, Montelli L, Hoffman R, Fersi A, Dauvin JC, Guerra-García JM (2019) Unravelling the origin and introduction pattern of the tropical species Paracaprella pusilla Mayer, 1890 (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Caprellidae) in temperate European waters: first molecular insights from a spatial and temporal perspective. NeoBiota 47: 43-80. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.47.32408
: Data type: molecular data
Supplementary material 1 from: Cabezas MP, Ros M, Santos AM, Martínez-Laiz G, Xavier R, Montelli L, Hoffman R, Fersi A, Dauvin JC, Guerra-García JM (2019) Unravelling the origin and introduction pattern of the tropical species Paracaprella pusilla Mayer, 1890 (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Caprellidae) in temperate European waters: first molecular insights from a spatial and temporal perspective. NeoBiota 47: 43-80. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.47.32408
: Data type: molecular data
Supplementary material 2 from: Cabezas MP, Ros M, Santos AM, Martínez-Laiz G, Xavier R, Montelli L, Hoffman R, Fersi A, Dauvin JC, Guerra-García JM (2019) Unravelling the origin and introduction pattern of the tropical species Paracaprella pusilla Mayer, 1890 (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Caprellidae) in temperate European waters: first molecular insights from a spatial and temporal perspective. NeoBiota 47: 43-80. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.47.32408
: Data type: phylogenetic tree
Figure 4 in Temporal variation in the reproductive pattern of blood cockle Anadara antiquata from Pakistan (northern Arabian Sea)
Figure 4. Temporal variation in the gametogenic pattern of male (M) and female (F) A. antiquata from Phitti Creek and Sonmiani. Re - Resorbing, S - Spawned out, R - Ripe, D - Developing.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.