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Fig. 11. Hyphessobrycon compressus, UFRGS 9683, 31.2 in Redescription and osteology of Hyphessobrycon compressus (Meek) (Teleostei: Characidae), type species of the genus

Fig. 11. Hyphessobrycon compressus, UFRGS 9683, 31.2 mm SL, male, neurocranium in ventral view, anterior to left. BOC = basioccipital; EXO = exoccipital; FRO = frontal; INC = intercalar; LET = lateral ethmoid; MES = mesethmoid; OSP = orbitosphenoid; PRO = prootic; PSP = parasphenoid; PTO = pterotic; PTS = pterosphenoid; SPH = sphenotic; VOM = vomer. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Fig. 10. Hyphessobrycon compressus, UFRGS 9683, 31.2 in Redescription and osteology of Hyphessobrycon compressus (Meek) (Teleostei: Characidae), type species of the genus

Fig. 10. Hyphessobrycon compressus, UFRGS 9683, 31.2 mm SL, male, neurocranium in left lateral view, anterior to left. AUF = auditory foramen; BOC = basioccipital; EPO = epioccipital; EXO = exoccipital; FRO = frontal; LET = lateral ethmoid; MES = mesethmoid; OSP = orbitosphenoid; PAR = parietal; PRO = prootic; PSP = parasphenoid; PTF = posttemporal fossa; PTO = pterotic; PTS = pterosphenoid; RSP = rhinosphenoid; SOC = supraoccipital; SPH = sphenotic; VOM = vomer. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Fig. 9. Hyphessobrycon compressus, UFRGS 9683, 31.2 in Redescription and osteology of Hyphessobrycon compressus (Meek) (Teleostei: Characidae), type species of the genus

Fig. 9. Hyphessobrycon compressus, UFRGS 9683, 31.2 mm SL, male, neurocranium in dorsal view, anterior to left. EPO = epioccipital; EXO = exoccipital; FRF = frontal fontanel; FRO = frontal; LET = lateral ethmoid; MES = mesethmoid; NAS = nasal; PAR = parietal; PTF = posttemporal fossa; PTO = pterotic; SOC = supraoccipital; SPH = sphenotic. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Fig. 8 in Redescription and osteology of Hyphessobrycon compressus (Meek) (Teleostei: Characidae), type species of the genus

Fig. 8. Hyphessobrycon compressus milleri, holotype, CAS 70115, 31.3 mm SL, male, Los Amates, Guatemala. Views (a) left lateral, (b) dorsal, (c) ventral, and (d) radiograph of holotype. Photos by © California Academy of Sciences.

Fig. 6. Hyphessobrycon compressus, UFRGS 9683 in Redescription and osteology of Hyphessobrycon compressus (Meek) (Teleostei: Characidae), type species of the genus

Fig. 6. Hyphessobrycon compressus, UFRGS 9683, male, 31.2 mm SL, anal fin and detail of bony hooks, left lateral view. DRA = distal radial; MRA = medial radial, and PRA = proximal radial. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Fig. 7 in Redescription and osteology of Hyphessobrycon compressus (Meek) (Teleostei: Characidae), type species of the genus

Fig. 7. Geographic distribution of Hyphessobrycon compressus. Green light square represent approximate locality of Hemigrammus compressus holotype and dark green triangle represent approximate locality of Hyphessobrycon compressus milleri holotype. Some symbols can represent more than one lot or locality. 1) Mexico, 2) Belize, 3) Guatemala, 4) Nicaragua, and 5) El Salvador.

Fig. 4. Hyphessobrycon compressus, UFRGS 9683 in Redescription and osteology of Hyphessobrycon compressus (Meek) (Teleostei: Characidae), type species of the genus

Fig. 4. Hyphessobrycon compressus, UFRGS 9683, female, 30.9 mm SL, ventrolateral view of premaxillary teeth in left premaxilla. (a) inner and outer row of premaxillary teeth, (b) detail of tooth form and alignment. Scale bars of (a) = 0.2 mm and (b) = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 3. Hyphessobrycon compressus, UFRGS 9683 in Redescription and osteology of Hyphessobrycon compressus (Meek) (Teleostei: Characidae), type species of the genus

Fig. 3. Hyphessobrycon compressus, UFRGS 9683, female, 32.2 mm SL, right lateral view of (a) maxilla, (b) premaxilla, and (c) dentary. AAR = anguloarticular; DEN = dentary; MAX= maxilla; PMX = premaxilla; RAR = retroarticular. Scale bars of (a, c) = 0.5 mm and (b) = 0.2 mm.

Fig. 16. Hyphessobrycon compressus, UFRGS 9683, 31.2 in Redescription and osteology of Hyphessobrycon compressus (Meek) (Teleostei: Characidae), type species of the genus

Fig. 16. Hyphessobrycon compressus, UFRGS 9683, 31.2 mm SL, male, (a) branchial skeleton in dorsal view, and (b) detail of second branchial raker of epibranchial 1. BB1-4 = basibranchials 1-4; BHY = basihyal; CBR = ceratobranchial (1-5); EBR = epibranchials (1-4); HBR = hypobranchials; PBR = pharyngobranchials (1-4). Scale bar = 1 mm.

Fig. 15. Hyphessobrycon compressus, UFRGS 9683, 31.2 in Redescription and osteology of Hyphessobrycon compressus (Meek) (Teleostei: Characidae), type species of the genus

Fig. 15. Hyphessobrycon compressus, UFRGS 9683, 31.2 mm SL, male, (a) left hyoid skeleton in dorsal view, and (b) left lateral and dorsal views of urohyal. ACH = anterior ceratohyal; BRR = branchiostegal ray; DHY = dorsal hypohyal; IHY = interhyal; PCH = posterior ceratohyal; URY = urohyal; VHY = ventral hypohyal. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Fig. 1 in Redescription and osteology of Hyphessobrycon compressus (Meek) (Teleostei: Characidae), type species of the genus

Fig. 1. Hyphessobrycon compressus, holotype, FMNH 4641, 31.2 mm SL, male, río Papaloapan, Oaxaca, Mexico. © FMNH Division of Fishes.

Fig. 2 in Redescription and osteology of Hyphessobrycon compressus (Meek) (Teleostei: Characidae), type species of the genus

Fig. 2. Hyphessobrycon compressus, paratypes: (a) BMNH 1905.12.6.4-5, male, 31.5 mm SL; (b) MHNG 2181.076, male, 29.2 mm SL; (c) USNM 204387, male, 31.3 mm SL. Photos by James Maclaine (BMNH), Phillipe Wagneur (MHNG), and Sandra Raredon (USNM).

Plate XXI, Figs I.1–I.6 – Type I (Spain, Cantabrian Cordillera, Palencia province, Río Carrión, Triollo, 1300 m). I.1, nymph, head and pronotum; I.2, tergites of macropterous ♂ nymph, dorsal view; I.3, mediodorsal setation on tergites of nymph, lateral view; I.4, femora of nymph; I.5, paraprocts of nymph; I.6, cerci of nymph, mediodorsal setation, lateral view. in Steps towards a revision of the Perla bipunctata Pictet, 1833 species complex (Plecoptera: Perlidae)

Plate XXI, Figs I.1–I.6 – Type I (Spain, Cantabrian Cordillera, Palencia province, Río Carrión, Triollo, 1300 m). I.1, nymph, head and pronotum; I.2, tergites of macropterous ♂ nymph, dorsal view; I.3, mediodorsal setation on tergites of nymph, lateral view; I.4, femora of nymph; I.5, paraprocts of nymph; I.6, cerci of nymph, mediodorsal setation, lateral view.

Plate XXV, Fig. M.1 – River Cold Sense, near Zollhaus (FR), Switzerland, late March. Rare example of type A and type B in near syntopy. Black arrow: nymphal biotope of type A; white arrow: of type B. in Steps towards a revision of the Perla bipunctata Pictet, 1833 species complex (Plecoptera: Perlidae)

Plate XXV, Fig. M.1 – River Cold Sense, near Zollhaus (FR), Switzerland, late March. Rare example of type A and type B in near syntopy. Black arrow: nymphal biotope of type A; white arrow: of type B.

Plate XXIII, Figs K.1–K.9 – Type K (Morocco, High Atlas, M'Goun Massif). K.1, adult ♂b, sclerotized apex of aedeagus; K.2, brachypterous adult ♂b, mesal field with sensilla; K.3, adult ♂b, hemitergal lobes, lateral view; K.4, pointed paraprocts of nymph, ventral view; K.5, cerci of nymph, ¾ lateral view; K.6, tergites of nymph, dorsal view; K.7, head, pronotum and mesonotum of macropterous♀ nymph; K.8, adult ♂b, head and pronotum; K.9, adult ♂b, sclerotized apex of aedeagus. in Steps towards a revision of the Perla bipunctata Pictet, 1833 species complex (Plecoptera: Perlidae)

Plate XXIII, Figs K.1–K.9 – Type K (Morocco, High Atlas, M'Goun Massif). K.1, adult ♂b, sclerotized apex of aedeagus; K.2, brachypterous adult ♂b, mesal field with sensilla; K.3, adult ♂b, hemitergal lobes, lateral view; K.4, pointed paraprocts of nymph, ventral view; K.5, cerci of nymph, ¾ lateral view; K.6, tergites of nymph, dorsal view; K.7, head, pronotum and mesonotum of macropterous♀ nymph; K.8, adult ♂b, head and pronotum; K.9, adult ♂b, sclerotized apex of aedeagus.

Plate XX, Figs H.1–H.6 – Type H in Steps towards a revision of the Perla bipunctata Pictet, 1833 species complex (Plecoptera: Perlidae)

Plate XX, Figs H.1–H.6 – Type H (Spain, Cantabrian Cordillera, Asturias). H.1, metanotum and tergites of ♂b; H.2, ♀ macropterous nymph, head, pronotum, mesonotum and metanotum; H.3, femora of nymph; H.4, paraprocts of nymph; H.5, cerci of nymph; H.6, cerci of nymph.

Plate XIII, Figs E.10–E.15 – Type E (Pyrenees). E.10, head and pronotum of nymph; E.11, pronotum of nymph; E.12, tergites of nymph, dorsal view; E.13, marks on the femora of leg of nymph; E.14, basal section of cerci of nymph; E.15, paraprocts of nymph, ventral view. in Steps towards a revision of the Perla bipunctata Pictet, 1833 species complex (Plecoptera: Perlidae)

Plate XIII, Figs E.10–E.15 – Type E (Pyrenees). E.10, head and pronotum of nymph; E.11, pronotum of nymph; E.12, tergites of nymph, dorsal view; E.13, marks on the femora of leg of nymph; E.14, basal section of cerci of nymph; E.15, paraprocts of nymph, ventral view.

Plate X, Figs D.1–D.6 – Type D in Steps towards a revision of the Perla bipunctata Pictet, 1833 species complex (Plecoptera: Perlidae)

Plate X, Figs D.1–D.6 – Type D (British-Irish Isles). D.1, adult ♂b, aedeagus (Ireland); D.2, adult ♂b, aedeagus and aedeagal tube; D.3, adult ♂b, mesal field with sensilla; D.4, adult ♂b, hemitergal lobes, dorsal view; D.5, head and pronotum of adult ♀ (Scotland); D.6, head and pronotum of adult ♀ (Ireland).

Plate IX, Figs C.13–C.18 – Type C in Steps towards a revision of the Perla bipunctata Pictet, 1833 species complex (Plecoptera: Perlidae)

Plate IX, Figs C.13–C.18 – Type C (nymphs, Nure, Rivers Aare and Emme). C.13, head and pronotum of nymph (Nure); C.14, mediodorsal setation on tergites, lateral view (Nure); C.15, paraprocts, ventral view (Aare); C.16, head and pronotum of nymph (Aare); C.17, oval markings on femora (Emme); C.18, sclerotized apex of aedeagus of Perla bipunctata, from Aubert 1949: 225, his Fig. 5.

Plate VI, Figs B.19–B.24 – Type B in Steps towards a revision of the Perla bipunctata Pictet, 1833 species complex (Plecoptera: Perlidae)

Plate VI, Figs B.19–B.24 – Type B (nymphs). B.19, markings on tergites of nymph (Drau); B.20, markings on tergites of nymph (Nure); B.21, markings on the femora of legs, dorsal view (Sense); B.22, head and pronotum of nymph (Valserine); B.23, head, pronotum, mesonotum, metanotum and first abdominal tergites of nymph (Sense); B.24, paraprocts of nymph, ventral view (Staffora).