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Figure 11. Cervical vertebra 14 in The first complete description of the holotype of Brachylophosaurus canadensis Sternberg, 1953 (Dinosauria: Hadrosauridae) with comments on intraspecific variation
Figure 11. Cervical vertebra 14 in anterior (A) and left lateral (B) views.
Figure 2 in Length and weight reconstruction of Chlorurus microrhinos (Scaridae) from isolated cranial bones and vertebrae
Figure 2. – Position of the osteological measurements taken from Chlorurus microrhinos: descriptions of the measurements are given in Table I. Scale bar = 1 cm. Abbreviations: ca.v, caudal view, d.v, dorsal view, l.v, lateral view, m.v, medial view, r.v, rostral view, v.v, ventral view.
FIGURE 12. Chinlechelys tenertesta NMMNH P-16697-16 Neural plates and thoracic vertebrae 5-8 in Chinlechelys from the Upper Triassic of New Mexico, USA, and the origin of turtles
FIGURE 12. Chinlechelys tenertesta NMMNH P-16697-16 Neural plates and thoracic vertebrae 5-8 in 1, anterior; 2, dorsal; 3, left lateral views; 4, close up of thoracic rib highlighting the separation from the overlying costal plate. Numbers indicate the thoracic vertebrae positions.
FIGURE 1 in Taxonomic utility of Early Cretaceous Australian plesiosaurian vertebrae
FIGURE 1. Locality map showing plesiosaur-bearing fossil localities in Australia (modified from Kear, 2003). Specimens analysed here are from the Richmond area, Queensland and Coober Pedy, South Australia.
FIGURE 10 in Taxonomic utility of Early Cretaceous Australian plesiosaurian vertebrae
FIGURE 10. Specimen RM FR436. A. 12 anterior cervical vertebrae. B. Ventral view. C. Anterior view. Note the skewed vertebra. Scales shown on figure.
FIGURE 4 in Taxonomic utility of Early Cretaceous Australian plesiosaurian vertebrae
FIGURE 4. Vertebrae associated with specimen QM F11050 – Eromangasaurus australis holotype. A. QM F12216, lateral view showing lateral ridge (red arrow). B. Cojoined vertebrae QM F12217, anterior view. C. QM F12217, lateral view showing lateral ridges (red arrows). D. QM F12219a, anterior view. E. QM F12219a, lateral view showing lateral ridge (red arrow). F. QM F12219b, lateral view showing lateral ridge (long red arrow) and rib facet borne wholly on centrum (short red arrow). G. QM F12219b, ventral view showing foramina subcentralia (white arrows) separated by a mid-ventral keel. Scales shown on figure.
FIGURE 13 in Taxonomic utility of Early Cretaceous Australian plesiosaurian vertebrae
FIGURE 13. Normalised cervical vertebral position plotted against vertebral length index (VLI) for Australian plesiosaurians and non-Australian elasmosaurids. Data for QM F3567 and RM FR271 from Sachs (2004); Opallionectes andamookaensis from Kear (2005a); Elamosaurus platyurus, Thalassomedon haningtoni, Callawayasaurus colombiensis, and Cm Zfr 115 from O'Keefe and Hiller (2006); Vegasaurus molyi from O'Gorman el. (2015); AMNH 1495, AMNH 5835, and AMNH 2554 from Otero (2016); Aristonectes parvidens from O'Gorman (2016a); Kawanectes lafquenianus from O'Gorman (2016b); Lagenanectes richterae from Sachs et al. (2017) and Jucha squalea from Fischer et al. (2020).
FIGURE 8 in Taxonomic utility of Early Cretaceous Australian plesiosaurian vertebrae
FIGURE 8. Specimen QM F2085. A. Pectoral vertebra, anterior view. B. Pectoral vertebra, lateral view. C. Sacral vertebra, posterior view. D. Sacral vertebrae, lateral view. E. Dorsal vertebra, lateral view. F. Dorsal vertebra, anterior view. Scales shown on figure.
FIGURE 7 in Taxonomic utility of Early Cretaceous Australian plesiosaurian vertebrae
FIGURE 7. Specimen RM FR269. A. Transition from dorsals to sacrals, right lateral view. B. Transition from pectorals to dorsals, right lateral view. Scales shown on figure.
Fig. 5. Dorsal vertebra A in The Osteology Of Balaur Bondoc, An Island-Dwelling Dromaeosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) From The Late Cretaceous Of Romania
Fig. 5. Dorsal vertebra A of Balaur bondoc (EME PV.313) in right lateral (A) and oblique dorsolateral (B) views. Abbreviations: gap, artificial gap between centrum and neural arch, caused by breakage; ipofos, infrapostzygapophyseal fossa; prez, prezygapophysis, posz, postzygapophysis; sw, dorsal swelling on neural spine. Scale bar equals 1 cm.
Text-fig. 1. Taphonomic and pathological phenomena of cave bear bones from Late Pleistocene deposits from Vařekova chodba in Za Hájovnou Cave (Moravia, the Czech Republic); a – fragment of vertebra with bite marks; b – fragment of right humerus, proximal part with bite marks; c – thoracic vertebra with pathological rib facet; d–e – fused left astragalus with left calcaneus (d: medial view, e: dorsal view). in Basic Population And Taphonomic Analysis Of Bear Assemblages From Za Hájovnou Cave (Moravia, The Czech Republic): A Fossil Record From 1987-2007
Text-fig. 1. Taphonomic and pathological phenomena of cave bear bones from Late Pleistocene deposits from Vařekova chodba in Za Hájovnou Cave (Moravia, the Czech Republic); a – fragment of vertebra with bite marks; b – fragment of right humerus, proximal part with bite marks; c – thoracic vertebra with pathological rib facet; d–e – fused left astragalus with left calcaneus (d: medial view, e: dorsal view).
Fig. 5 in Osteology of the dorsal vertebrae of the giant titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur Dreadnoughtus schrani from the Late Cretaceous of Argentina
Fig. 5. Comparison of lamina capture in dorsal vertebrae of titanosaurian sauropod Dreadnoughtus schrani Lacovara, Lamanna, Ibiricu, Poole, Schroeter, Ullmann, Voegele, Boles, Carter, Fowler, Egerton, Moyer, Coughenour, Schein, Harris, Martínez, and Novas, 2014, from Santa Cruz Province, Argentina; middle–late Campanian to early Maastrichtian (A–E, shown in non-standard views for best visualization) and "disconnection" (sensu Gallina 2011) in presacral vertebrae of Bonitasaura salgadoi Apesteguía, 2004 from Río Negro Province, Argentina; Santonian (F). A. Left side of MPM-PV 1156?-4, estimated as the ~4th dorsal vertebra. B. Left side of MPM-PV 1156?-5, ~5th. C. Right side of MPM-PV 1156-6 (mirrored), ~6th. D. Right side of MPM-PV 1156?-8 (mirrored), ~7th. E. Right side of MPM-PV 1156?-9 (mirrored), ~8th. Changes in the PODLs through the sequence are denoted by a dotted line. F. Presacral vertebrae reproduced from Gallina (2011) under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0). F, F, estimated13th? cervical ver1 7 tebra; F, F, ~1st dorsal vertebra; F, F, ~2nd dorsal vertebra; F, F, ~3rd dorsal vertebra; F, F, 6th? dorsal vertebra; F, F, ~10th? dorsal vertebra. 2 8 3 9 4 10 5 11 6 12 Photographs (F1–F6) and explanatory drawings (F7–F12). Abbreviations: DI, diapophysis; PODL, postzygodiapophyseal lamina; "PODL", "new incipient horizontal lamina arises from the postzygapophysis pointing towards the diapophysis", as per Gallina (2011: fig. 6A); POZ, postzygapophysis.
Fig. 60. Caudal vertebra B in The Osteology Of Alioramus, A Gracile And Long-Snouted Tyrannosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) From The Late Cretaceous Of Mongolia
Fig. 60. Caudal vertebra B of the holotype specimen of Alioramus altai (IGM 100/1844) in anterior (A), posterior (B), left lateral (C), right lateral (D), dorsal (E), and ventral (F) views. Scale bar 5 5 cm. Abbreviations as in figure 59, plus: kn, knob anteroventral to triangular fossa on lateral surface of prezygapophysis; lin, lineations on surface of vertebra; pretf, triangular fossa on lateral surface of prezygapophysis; prez, prezygapophysis.
Fig. 49. Cervical vertebra 5 in The Osteology Of Alioramus, A Gracile And Long-Snouted Tyrannosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) From The Late Cretaceous Of Mongolia
Fig. 49. Cervical vertebra 5 of the holotype specimen of Alioramus altai (IGM 100/1844) in left lateral (A), right lateral (B), anterior (C), posterior (D), dorsal (E), and ventral (F) views. Scale bar 5 5 cm. Abbreviations as in figure 47.
Fig. 61. Caudal vertebra C in The Osteology Of Alioramus, A Gracile And Long-Snouted Tyrannosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) From The Late Cretaceous Of Mongolia
Fig. 61. Caudal vertebra C of the holotype specimen of Alioramus altai (IGM 100/1844) in left lateral (A), right lateral (B), dorsal (C), ventral (D), anterior (E), and posterior (F) views. Abbreviations: bul, ventral bulge on prezygapophysis; ch, chevron facet; lam, lamina linking pre- and postzygapophyses; naf, nonarticular flange on postzygapophysis; posf, postspinal fossa; posz, postzygapophysis; pref, prespinal fossa; prez, prezygapophysis.
XYZ coordinates of middle lumbar vertebrae - 3D GM analysis for: A nearly complete lower back of Australopithecus sediba
<p>Adaptations of the lower back to bipedalism are frequently discussed but infrequently demonstrated in early fossil hominins. Newly discovered lumbar vertebrae contribute to a near-complete lower back of Malapa Hominin 2 (MH2), offering additional insights into posture and locomotion in <i>Australopithecus sediba</i>. We show that MH2 demonstrates a lower back consistent with lumbar lordosis and other adaptations to bipedalism, including an increase in the width of intervertebral articular facets from the upper to lower lumbar column ("pyramidal configuration"). These results contrast with some recent work on lordosis in fossil hominins, where MH2 was argued to demonstrate no appreciable lordosis ("hypolordosis") similar to Neandertals. Our three-dimensional geometric morphometric (3D GM) analyses show that MH2's nearly complete middle lumbar vertebra is human-like in overall shape but its vertebral body is somewhat intermediate in shape between modern humans and great apes. Additionally, it bears long, cranially and ventrally oriented costal (transverse) processes, implying powerful trunk musculature. We interpret this combination of features to indicate that <i>A. sediba</i> used its lower back in both bipedal and ape-like arboreal positional behaviors, as previously suggested based on multiple lines of evidence from other parts of the skeleton and reconstructed paleobiology of <i>A. sediba</i>.</p>
The Development of a Vertebra Localizing Aid Medical Device
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02603874. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 0. Publications: 1.
Evaluating the Role of Pregabalin in Reducing Opioid Requirement in Spinal Fusion Surgeries of Two or More Vertebrae
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03031340. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Data from: Phenotypic integration of the cervical vertebrae in the Hominoidea (Primates)
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XYZ coordinates of middle lumbar vertebrae - 3D GM analysis for: A nearly complete lower back of Australopithecus sediba
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
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