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Disentangling responses to natural stressor and human impact gradients in river ecosystems across Europe
<p>1. Rivers are dynamic ecosystems in which both human impacts and climate-driven drying events are increasingly common. These anthropogenic and natural stressors interact to influence the biodiversity and functioning of river ecosystems. Disentangling ecological responses to these interacting stressors is necessary to guide management actions that support ecosystems adapting to global change.</p> <p>2. We analysed the independent and interactive effects of human impacts and natural drying on aquatic invertebrate communities—a key biotic group used to assess the health of European freshwaters. We calculated biological response metrics representing communities from 406 rivers in eight European countries: taxonomic richness, functional richness and redundancy, and two biomonitoring indices that indicate ecological status. We analysed metrics based on the whole community and a group of taxa with traits promoting resistance and/or resilience ('high RR') to drying. We also examined how responses vary across Europe in relation to climatic aridity.</p> <p>3. Most community metrics decreased independently in response to impacts and drying. A richness-independent biomonitoring index (the average score per taxon; ASPT) showed particular potential for use in biomonitoring, and should be considered alongside new metrics representing high RR diversity, to promote accurate assessment of ecological status.</p> <p>4. High RR taxonomic richness responded only to impacts, not drying. However, these predictors explained little variance in richness and other high RR metrics, potentially due to low taxonomic richness. Metric responsiveness could thus be enhanced by developing region-specific high RR groups comprising sufficient taxa with sufficiently variable impact sensitivities to indicate ecological status.</p> <p>5. Synthesis and applications. Our results inform recommendations guiding the development of metrics to assess the ecological status of dynamic river ecosystems—including those that sometimes dry—thus identifying priority sites requiring further investigation to identify the stressors responsible for environmental degradation. We recommend concurrent consideration of richness-independent biomonitoring indices (such as an ASPT) and new high RR richness metrics that characterize groups of resistant and resilient taxa for region-specific river types. Interactions observed between aridity, impacts and drying evidence that these new metrics should be adaptable, promoting their ability to inform management actions that protect river ecosystems responding to climate change.</p>
Global Biotic Interactions: Elton Dataset Cache for Collections of National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution
<p>Global Biotic Interactions: Elton Dataset Cache for Collections of National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution</p> <p>The intended use of this archive/cache is to allow for offline-enabled access versions of existing species interaction datasets. The program "Elton" (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.998263) was used to populate the content of elton-datasets.tar.gz . The same program can be used to extract information from the cache archive also. Global Biotic Interactions (https://globalbioticinteractions.org, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2014.08.005) also uses these archives to create derived species interaction data archives, search indexes and APIs.</p> <p>Please note that due to size considerations, offline-enabled access to an elton dataset cache of iNaturalist interaction data has been excluded from this publications and moved into a separate Zenodo publication at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3950546 .</p> <p>Contents<br> --------</p> <p>README:<br> this file</p> <p>elton-datasets.tar.gz:<br> versioned archive with species interaction datasets</p> <p>elton-datasets.tar.sha256:<br> content signature of elton-datasets.tar</p> <p>elton-datasets.tsv:<br> list of included datasets</p> <p>elton.jar:<br> commandline program to help access the species interaction datasets</p> <p>Usage<br> -----</p> <p>To install, extract elton-datasets.tar.gz into a directory of choice using:</p> <p>tar xfz elton-dataset.tar.gz</p> <p>To use, download elton.jar included this publication and execute the following to get a list of available datasets:</p> <p>java -Xmx4G -jar elton.jar datasets</p> <p>on a system that has java v8+ installed.</p> <p>If all goes well, you should be able to regenerate the included file elton-dataset.tsv .</p> <p>For more information on how to use elton.jar, execute:</p> <p>java -jar elton.jar usage</p> <p>or visit https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/elton for more available commands.</p> <p>Alternatively, without using Elton, you can access the data by inspecting the access.tsv files in the various directories of the datasets directory.</p> <p>When using these datasets in a publication or product, please cite the *original* data providers and publications. You can find the citations in the data.</p> <p>Included datasets:</p> <p>globalbioticinteractions/usnm National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution IPT RSS Feed https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/usnm/archive/44794f5e68adb768de09b44692d7bd2163968563.zip 2021-11-13T03:12:33.778Z 686cacf55bbd48785d264d1bc7ff187f36a77faa92e963368f36617ab732304e 0.12.2</p> <p>Associated content ids:</p> <p>hash://sha256/a6a5c330c7e7e803ba96acafdb854e6b4d93d763a700d921cf416ec92b1521a5<br> hash://sha256/da5fde39c0048886b085b17b001b10fc69d12e259fee46e0252f0e90b0a5e988<br> hash://sha256/f7287f049bc1114619e538e42ea728dbdcaf489790f71eb1bedd55ff5396dd7f<br> hash://sha256/68bd01e004e6b0bfbde925d1f5449b8dc50f4b01ed6d3534d0a3bc01875149fd<br> hash://sha256/57901cccfa745ca64a60f5f9dfc3c2a25c0a6cd57d676cea8a60e2d605bd1828<br> hash://sha256/50cdd572f1cc66976591d9e718592681dde9e0f7139d3802738d01abd22e5729<br> hash://sha256/e176d4444d1664d486226764eeb00c5f31d7332a5ea0f5cb2947e6892e0e4e64<br> hash://sha256/edb5d35093b104ffe9896b3c916662b812ccdc68bff2e2997777695b9895afba<br> hash://sha256/f395efbd0f8665a0aec8a464c97f1b06a157494cae699cdb734f4fb48c5a6a80<br> hash://sha256/bb86e0c47f7c016050213c7c6f508ed8f6618f377ceb6deef5775c6a67bfa0a7<br> hash://sha256/7fb429234693ed8840c80124eb13ed86a3659906453471db6d9dd51f6689f55e<br> hash://sha256/954f5186ccf95189132a03e79f5c14258633b4a00d03a70d02fdd175d87945a9<br> hash://sha256/e895dbe606fa799f089c76992c4023f6b2b7f82533125a496f172f638a9fadc4<br> hash://sha256/5fd1aa09aaab948a69bf42edc3d7170e83827d61b70b35947e23d45b82444624<br> hash://sha256/84055a44552f2ae3f7701a89827e81969c7274688704cf8b223ba3106774d0e0<br> hash://sha256/e41118c8f304b6adc08fa1990288f0ff858d08a7ec49d504290e810931db7a77<br> hash://sha256/20b1f7def8196f19563949c53e9e64d87ccff8b3a73005d7d7b61351ca7ca549<br> hash://sha256/b0b48353b1c0662664809804806eaed117fd021be123b3c79ebc81af8d41d7dc<br> hash://sha256/f64b4162f97279a22a89ce0ab8d316733014d7ac1578efa3f00c8840da45b55d<br> 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Source data for the publication "Tracking excited state decay mechanisms of pyrimidine nucleosides in real time", Nature Communications, 2021
<p>The archives contain the raw data used to generate the transient absorption spectra for uridine (Figure 1) and 5-methyluridine (Figure 2) presented in the main paper, as well as the trajectory plots and auxiliary spectra presented in the Supplementary Information of the paper "Tracking excited state decay mechanisms of pyrimidine nucleosides in real time" authored by R. Borrego-Varillas et al. published in Nature Communications, 2021. Specifically:</p> <p><strong>URD</strong>: folder with raw data from the uridine trajectories (56 trajectories) performed at the SS-CASPT2/SA-2-CASSCF(10,8) and SS-CASPT2/SA-2-CASSCF(10,10) level of theory</p> <p><strong>5mURD</strong>: folder with raw data from the 5-methyluridine trajectories (57 trajectories) performed at the SS-CASPT2/SA-2-CASSCF(10,8) and SS-CASPT2/SA-2-CASSCF(10,10) level of theory</p> <p>The raw data of each trajectory is inside a folder named <em>geom_XXX</em> where <em>XXX</em> stands for a 3-digit label of the trajectory. The trajectories have been selected out of a pool of 500 trajectories according to the S0-S1 vertical gap so that only trajectories whose energy gap falls under the envelope of the pulse are selected</p> <p><strong>URD</strong>: 003 005 006 011 015 023 039 040 054 056 060 083 098 104 112 114 116 121 122 147 152 158 161 171 173 175 177 186 189 200 204 211 219 223 225 232 234 235 236 246 251 252 257 259 265 268 271 272 279 286 287 289 305 313 318 336</p> <p><strong>5mURD</strong>: 010 044 045 048 052 057 065 074 085 094 097 099 100 105 110 112 113 121 131 137 138 140 144 145 159 164 170 179 182 183 184 186 189 199 203 205 209 214 219 220 221 239 243 250 251 273 284 290 295 301 302 320 325 327 328 333 334</p> <p>In each geom_XXX folder there are following files:</p> <p><strong>S1-S<em>Y</em>.dat</strong>: ASCII files () in which the individual columns correspond to </p> <p>col1: time [fs] </p> <p>col2: transition energy of state S<em>Y</em> with respect to S1 [cm-1] where S0 is the ground state</p> <p>col3-5: X, Y and Z components of the transition dipole moment between S1 and S<em>Y</em> [a.u.]</p> <p>col6: magnitude of the transition dipole moment between S1 and S<em>Y</em> [a.u.] </p> <p>col7: angle between transition dipole moment at time t and t=0 [deg]</p> <p>Note that in URD S1-S0.dat contains in most cases about 500 data points (0-500 fs), in 5mURD S1-S0.dat contains 1000 data points (0-1000 fs) except for a few cases in which the trajectories were interrupted earlier. This data has been used to simulate the stimulated emission before the hopping event and the hot ground state photoinduced absorption after hopping. S1-S<em>Y</em>.dat () contain only data points until the hopping event which have been used to simulate the excited state photoinduced absorption.</p> <p>The spectra reported in the main article (Figs 1 & 2) as well as in the SI can be reproduced following eq. 13-18 in the Supplementary Information.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>HighMediumLayer_traj.xyz.zip</strong>: archived Cartesian coordinates of the High Layer (nucleobase) and Medium Layer (sugar and waters within 5 Å distance from nucleobase) along the dynamics</p> <p>Note that due to the different number of waters in each trajectory the size of the Medium layer (and thus the size of the system) may vary from trajectory to trajectory.</p> <p>Note that due to the different duration of each trajectory the number of geometries may vary from trajectory to trajectory.</p> <p><strong>LowLayer.xyz:</strong> Cartesian coordinates of the Low Layer (waters > 5 Å from the nucleobase); the coordinates of these waters are kept fixed along the trajectory.</p> <p>The coordinates of High, Medium and Low layers can be used to reproduce the QMMM calculations (energies, gradients and transition dipole moments along each trajectory) with the official COBRAMM release (<a href="https://gitlab.com/cobrammgroup/cobramm.git">https://gitlab.com/cobrammgroup/cobramm.git</a>) following the parameters provided in Supplementary Note 2 of the Supplementary Information.</p>
Fig. 1 in Joaquim José da Silva (c. 1755-1810): his life, natural history collecting activities, and involvement in the so-called first scientific expedition in the interior of Angola
Fig. 1. – "Aspecto da embocadura do Rio Dande" [Aspect of the mouth of the River Dande] with Joaquim José da Silva (left) and José António (right). [a. "Forno da cal" [lime oven]; b. "Armazem de a-guardar" [storage]; c. "Sanzallas" [dwellings]; d. "Armazem da madeira" [timber storage]; e. "Igreja que foi dos Jesuitas" [church that was of the Jesuits]; f. "Ponta do Mussule(?)" [Mussule(?) Tip] [SILVA, J.J. (post. 1785: fig. 84); painting executed by José António] [© Arquivo Histórico dos Museus da Universidade de Lisboa]
Fig. 2 in Joaquim José da Silva (c. 1755-1810): his life, natural history collecting activities, and involvement in the so-called first scientific expedition in the interior of Angola
Fig. 2. – Itinerary of Joaquim José da Silva in Angola from 1783 to 1810 according to TEIXEIRA (1962) in pink, SIMON (1983) in blue, and this work in red.
Demographic history and natural selection shape patterns of deleterious mutation load and barriers to introgression across Populus genome
<p><br> Abbreviation of species names in each folder: Palb, P. alba; Pade, P. adenopoda; Pdav, P. davidiana; Ptra, P. tremula; Ptrs, P. tremuloides; Prot, P. rotundifolia; Pqio,P. qiongdaoensis.</p> <p>1. FST<br> Relative divergence (FST) for pairwise species comparisons was calculated for all sites with 100 Kbp non-overlapping windows. </p> <p>2. dxy<br> Absolute divergence (dxy) was calculated for all sites with 100 Kbp non-overlapping windows. </p> <p>3. Nucleotide diversity<br> Nucleotide diversity (π) was calculated for all sites with 100 Kbp non-overlapping windows. </p> <p>4. Derived allele frequency<br> The derived frequencies of 4 different functional categories. Each folder contains seven Populus resluts</p> <p>5. Derived_allele_statistics<br> The statistics of homozygous and heterozygous derived alleles for loss of function, deleterious, tolerated and synonymous variants for each individual. The last two individuals in each file are outgroups </p> <p>6. dsuite-dinvestigate<br> The outputs of 10 trios using program Dinvestigate from Dsuite. The sliding window is 50 SNPs, and the step is 20 SNPs.</p> <p>7. Recombination rate<br> The result of population-scaled recombination rate was calculated by LDhat v2.2.</p> <p>8. Volcanofinder<br> Genome-wide scans of introgression sweeps within each species was implemented using VolcanFinder v.1.0 with the Model over 10 Kbp non-overlapping windows.</p> <p>9. ihh12<br> phased SNPs were used to computed ihh12 by selscan v1.3.0. </p> <p>10 populus162.phased.recode.vcf.gz<br> SNPs were phased with Beagle v.4.1 for the 162 non-hybrid individuals.</p> <p>11 populus227.snp.rm_indel.para_filter.biallelic.GQ30.max_miss20.bed.recode.vcf.gz <br> The vcf of 227 Populus samples. </p>
Eastern bettong (Bettongia gaimardi) reintroduced to Mulligan's Flat Woodland Sanctuary and Tidbinbilla Nature Reserve: DArT SNPs + individual information
<p>Incorporating genetic data into conservation programmes improves management outcomes, but the impact of different sample-grouping methods on genetic diversity analyses is poorly understood. To this end, the multi-source reintroduction of the eastern bettong (<em>Bettongia gaimardi</em>) was used as a long-term case study to investigate how sampling regimes may affect common genetic metrics, and hence management decisions. The dataset comprised 5307 SNPs sequenced across 263 individuals. Samples included 45 founders from five genetically distinct Tasmanian source regions, and 218 of their descendants captured during annual monitoring at Mulligan's Flat Woodland Sanctuary (MFWS; 121 samples across eight generations), and Tidbinbilla Nature Reserve (TNR; 97 samples across nine generations). The most management-informative sampling regime was found to be generational cohorts, providing detailed long-term trends in genetic diversity. When these generation-specific trends were not investigated, recent changes in population genetics were masked, and it became apparent that management recommendations would be less appropriate. The results also illuminated the importance of considering establishment and persistence as separate phases of a multi-source reintroduction. The establishment phase (useful for informing early adaptive management) should consist of no less than two generations, and continue until admixture is achieved (admixture defined here as >80% of individuals possessing >60% of source genotypes, with no one source composing >70% of >20% individuals' genotype) is achieved. This ensures that the persistence phase analyses of population trends remain minimally biased. Based on this case study, we recommend that emphasis be given to the value of generationally specific analyses, and that conservation programmes collect DNA samples throughout the establishment and persistence phases, and avoid collecting genetic samples only when analysis is imminent. We also recommend that population genetic analyses for multi-source reintroductions consider whether admixture has been achieved when calculating descriptive genetic metrics. </p>
FIG. 3 in The d'Orbigny Palaeontological Collection of the National Museum of Natural History and Science, Lisbon, Portugal: Historical perspective and revision of Cretaceous Cephalopoda
FIG. 3. — Cretaceous ammonites of the d'Orbigny Collection of the National Museum of Natural History and Science (Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência): A-D, Neolissoceras grasianum (d'Orbigny, 1840) in ventral (A), lateral (B) and oral (C) views, and original label (D): Nº 357/Ammonites grasanus (d'Orb), Andar 17º Neocomiense, Terreno Cretaceo, Localidade S.t Julien (Hautes Alpes); E-G, Pleurohoplites (Pleurohoplites) renauxianus (d'Orbigny, 1840) in lateral (E) and ventral (F) views, and original label (G): Nº 464/Ammonites Renauxianus (d'Orb), Andar 20º Cenomaniense, Terreno Cretaceo, Localidade Mont-Blainville (Meuse); H-K, Acanthoceras rhotomagense (Brongniart, 1822) in oral (H), lateral (I) and ventral (J) views, and original label (K): Nº 463/Ammonites rhotomagensis (Lamarck), Andar 20º Cenomaniense, Terreno Cretaceo, Localidade Rouen (Seine inf.re). Scale bar: 2 cm.
FIG. 2 in The d'Orbigny Palaeontological Collection of the National Museum of Natural History and Science, Lisbon, Portugal: Historical perspective and revision of Cretaceous Cephalopoda
FIG. 2. — Cretaceous nautiloid and ammonites of the d'Orbigny Collection of the National Museum of Natural History and Science (Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência): A-C, Angulithes triangularis de Montfort, 1808 in oral (A) and lateral (B) views, and original label (C): Nº 459/Nautilus triangularis (Montf), Andar 20º Cenomaniense, Terreno Cretaceo, Localidade Fouras (Charente inf.re); D-G, Phylloceras (Hypophylloceras) tethys (d'Orbigny, 1840) in ventral (D), lateral (E) and oral (F) views, and original label (G): Nº 360/Ammonites Tethys (d'Orb), Andar 17º Neocomiense, Terreno Cretaceo, Localidade Arredores de [environs of] Sisteron (Basses Alpes); H-K, Ptychophylloceras (Semisulcatoceras) semisulcatum (d'Orbigny, 1840) in ventral (H), lateral (I) and oral (J) views, and original label (K): Nº 359/Ammonites semisulcatus (d'Orb), Andar 17º Neocomiense, Terreno Cretaceo, Localidade Sisteron (Basses Alpes). Scale bar: 2 cm.
Fig. 5. Baetis flaveola F.-J. Pictet, 1843 in Mayfly types and additional material (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) examined by F.-J. Pictet and A.-E. Pictet, housed in the Museums of Natural History of Geneva and Vienna
Fig. 5. Baetis flaveola F.-J. Pictet, 1843 nom. dub. (A) Syntype [?]. (B) Labels of syntype [?] 1. Scale bar: 5 mm. (C) Syntype [?] 2. Scale bar: 5 mm. (D) Labels of syntype [?] 2. Scale bar: 5 mm.
Fig. 1 in Mayfly types and additional material (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) examined by F.-J. Pictet and A.-E. Pictet, housed in the Museums of Natural History of Geneva and Vienna
Fig. 1. François-Jules Pictet de la Rive (1809-1872) in his library. Oil painting, without date or signature; attributed to a Mr Kaiser (according to an inscription on the back of the painting). Courtesy of the Fondation des Archives de la Famille Pictet, Geneva.
dasyrhachis (Miq.) Kurz var. dasyrhachis, with a male long-billed green sunbird (Nectarinia notata Müller,1776) visiting the fragrant yellow flowers (Rogers in Peltophorum dasyrhachis (Miq.) Kurz: a new record of a Southeast Asian species of Fabaceae (Caesalpinioideae) naturalized in northwestern Madagascar
dasyrhachis (Miq.) Kurz var. dasyrhachis, with a male long-billed green sunbird (Nectarinia notata Müller,1776) visiting the fragrant yellow flowers (Rogers
Smartcow EU project database on feed efficiency in beef cattle and analysis of natural 15N abundance and plasma urea concentration
<p>This is a database built in the frame of the Smartcow H2020 Eu project (N°730924) and gathering individual raw data for animal performances obtained in thirteen beef cattle trials conducted in France, UK and Switzerland as well as animal values for two biomakers of feed efficiency : the natural 15N abundance in animal proteins (plasma or muscle) and plasma urea concentration. </p>
Visual discomfort and variations in chromaticity in art and nature
<p>Visual discomfort is related to the statistical regularity of visual images. The contribution of luminance contrast to visual discomfort is well understood and can be framed in terms of a theory of efficient coding of natural stimuli, and linked to metabolic demand. While colour is important in our interaction with nature, the effect of colour on visual discomfort has received less attention. In this study, we build on the established association between visual discomfort and differences in chromaticity across space. We average the local differences in chromaticity in an image and show that this average is a good predictor of visual discomfort from the image. It accounts for part of the variance left unexplained by variations in luminance. We show that the local chromaticity difference in uncomfortable stimuli is high compared to that typical in natural scenes, except in particular infrequent conditions such as the arrangement of colourful fruits against foliage. Overall, our study discloses a new link between visual ecology and discomfort whereby discomfort arises when adaptive perceptual mechanisms are overstimulated by specific classes of stimuli rarely found in nature.</p>
Traits data of naturalized and non-naturalized alien species of four Indonesian Botanic Gardens
<p>The establishment of new botanic gardens in tropical regions highlights a need for weed risk assessment tools suitable for tropical ecosystems. The relevance of plant traits for invasion into tropical rainforests has not been well studied. </p> <p>Working in and around four botanic gardens in Indonesia where 590 alien species have been planted, we estimated the effect of four plant traits, plus time since species introduction, on: a) the naturalization probability and b) abundance (density) of naturalized species in adjacent native tropical rainforests; and c) the distance that naturalized alien plants have spread from the botanic gardens. </p> <p>We found that specific leaf area (SLA) strongly differentiated 23 naturalized from 78 non-naturalized alien species (randomly selected from 577 non-naturalized species) in our study. These trends may indicate that exotics with high SLA benefit from at least two factors when establishing in tropical forests: high growth rates and occupation of forest gaps. We also found that height was unrelated to naturalization probability, but naturalized aliens were having high SLA and were short. </p> <p>Exotic species that were present in the gardens for over 30 years and those with small seeds also had higher probabilities of becoming naturalized, indicating that garden plants can invade the understorey of closed canopy tropical rainforests, especially when invading species are shade-tolerant and have sufficient time to establish.</p> <p>On average, exotic species that were not animal dispersed spread 78 m further into the forests than animal-dispersed species. We did not detect relationships between the measured traits and estimated density of naturalized exotics in the adjacent forests.</p> <p>Synthesis: Traits were able to differentiate exotic species from botanic gardens that naturalized in native forest from those that did not; this is promising for developing trait-based risk assessment in the tropics. To limit the risk of invasion and spread into adjacent native forests, we suggest tropical botanic gardens avoid planting exotic species with fast carbon capture strategies and those that are shade tolerant.</p>
Natural Image Statistics for Mouse Vision
<p>This repository contains 232 "mouse-view" UV/Green natural scene images for the mouse vision, acquired by a custom multi-spectral camera. For details, please see the following paper:</p> <p> Natural Image Statistics for the Mouse Vision<br> Luca Abballe and Hiroki Asari<br> PLOS One (accepted)</p> <p>The preprint is also available from bioRxiv 2021.04.08.438953.</p>
Natural variation in Drosophila shows weak pleiotropic effects
<p><strong>Pleiotropy is the phenomenon that a gene affects multiple phenotypes. The extent of pleiotropy is still disputed, mainly because of power issues. A further challenge is that empirical tests of pleiotropy are restricted to a small subset of all possible phenotypes. To overcome these limitations, we propose a new measurement of pleiotropy, which integrates across many phenotypes and multiple generations to improve power. We infer pleiotropy from the fitness cost imposed by frequency changes of pleiotropic loci. Mixing </strong><em><strong>Drosophila simulans</strong></em><strong> populations, which adapted independently to the same new environment using different sets of genes we show that the adaptive frequency changes have been accompanied by measurable fitness costs. Unlike previous studies characterizing the molecular basis of pleiotropy, we show that many loci, each with weak effects, contribute to genome-wide pleiotropy. We propose that the costs of pleiotropy were reduced by the modular architecture of gene expression, which facilitated adaptive gene expression changes with low impact on other functions. </strong></p>
Data from: Chrysolaena obovata, A SPECIES NATIVE OF BRAZILIAN CERRADO: GENETIC DIVERSITY AND STRUCTURE OF NATURAL POPULATIONS AND POTENTIAL FOR INULIN PRODUCTION
<p><em>Chrysolaena obovata</em> (Less.) M. Dematteis, an herbaceous Asteraceae species widely distributed across different Brazilian Cerrado physiognomies, has underground organs, named rhizophores, that accumulate high concentrations of inulin-type fructans. These carbohydrates are recognized as beneficial soluble fibers for human health and are currently used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Considering that fructans, in addition to their economic potential, provide plants with greater tolerance to drought, heat and cold, it is important to understand whether their metabolism is conserved in natural populations. In this work, we aimed to investigate if the levels of genetic diversity in the populations studied allow the selection of localities with a high genetic base and higher fructan content for future programs of <em>in</em> <em>situ</em> conservation and genetic improvement for inulin production. Therefore, we characterized the diversity, structure, and gene flow of seven natural populations from Brazilian Cerrado, using nine microsatellite loci (SSR). In addition, we compared whether the fructan composition varied between populations of different Cerrado phytophysiognomies. Overall, we found that <em>C. obovata</em> populations exhibited moderate levels of genetic diversity, low genetic differentiation, and high gene flow. This study identified two populations with less genetic diversity and therefore, greater attention should be given to conservation programs including these populations. Fructan metabolism is conserved in all populations, indicating that <em>C. obovata</em> is an important genetic resource with high potential for inulin production.</p> <p><strong>File descriptions</strong></p> <p>Population_code.txt - Contains a matrix that indicates the population_code, Population_name, Brazilian-state, Phytophysiognomy, Collection coordinates and Altitudes (m).</p> <p>Date_ Diaz et al.xlsx – Contains Genotypes crude of the individuals analyzed. Primer used for nine microsatellite loci (Camacho <em>et al</em> 2017). </p> <p>Carbohydrates_Diaz et al - Contains data for carbohydrates in <em>C. obovata</em> plant rhizophores in each population (BRA, UB, SD, SP).</p> <p><strong>Location: Brazilian Cerrado</strong></p>
Data for: Sexual dichromatism may not be a good index of sexual or natural selection in the blue cardinalids (Aves: Passeriformes).
<p>More than a century ago, Darwin and Wallace started a still ongoing debate over which are the predominant forces driving sexual dichromatism (i.e., differences in body coloration between males and females): is it sexual selection on males to become more attractive, or is it natural selection on females to become more cryptic? While these are not mutually exclusive, the degree of sexual dichromatism has been extensively used as a proxy of the intensity of one type of selection (sexual) on one of the sexes (males). Here, we evaluated the relationship between sexual dichromatism and two body-color features that can be under natural and/or sexual selection in each sex: conspicuousness against the background and colorfulness (which we defined as the variety of colors and mechanisms to produce them within an individual's plumage). We focused on the 'blue clade' of the Cardinalidae bird family and considered the properties of their own visual system and those of potential raptor predators. We found that all blue cardinalids are sexually dichromatic, but levels of dichromatism vary within the clade. Males are on average more colorful than females, but neither male nor female colorfulness correlates with sexual dichromatism. Males are not more conspicuous than females against a vegetated background but are significantly more conspicuous against a nesting background than females. Yet, we found no correlation between conspicuousness and degree of sexual dichromatism. Our results suggest that, while both natural and sexual selection can drive color differences between the sexes, levels of sexual dichromatism do not necessarily reflect intensity of selection forces in this clade. Our results highlight the importance of testing assumptions regarding the relationship between sexual dichromatism and color evolution in each sex, considering the properties of different visual systems, relevant to the ecology of the study model.</p>
ITS1 metabarcoding revealing Phytophthora diversity in anthropized and natural ecosystems in Sicily, Italy
<p>This dataset on Zenodo contains the raw sequencing data for: <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8040330">La Spada <em>et al.</em> (2022) DNA Metabarcoding and Isolation by Baiting Complement Each Other in Revealing <em>Phytophthora</em> Diversity in Anthropized and Natural Ecosystems</a>.</p> <p>This a subset of 192 demultiplexed Illumina MiSeq raw sequencing samples run at the James Hutton Institute in January 2020, consisting of two 96-well plates labelled with the Illumina A and D multiplexing kits.</p> <p>There are 61 pairs of raw gzipped compressed FASTQ files (122 files), provided as a 930MB gzipped compressed tar-ball.</p> <p>From the D multiplexing kit, there are 27 Nature Reserve (<em>NR</em>) samples, 16 Botanical Garden (<em>BG</em>) samples, and 6 managed Citrus Orchard (<em>CO</em>) samples containing <em>Phytophthora</em> targeted ITS1 marker sequences, and 6 synthetic controls (prefix <em>GL1D</em>) which should have contained only four known synthetic sequences. Additionally included are the 6 synthetic controls (prefix <em>GL1A</em>) from the A multiplexing kit, which were clean.</p> <p>The filenames start with the sample name, followed by something like <em>DH03_S183_L001_R1_001.fastq.gz</em> where <em>DH03</em> indicates well <em>H03</em> on the 96-well plate labelled with the <em>D</em> multiplexing set, <em>S183</em> is the MiSeq sample number (from 1 to 192), and <em>R1</em> (or <em>R2</em>) indicate the Illumina forward (or reverse) paired read files.</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.