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FIG. 4 in Terrestrial behavior and trackway morphology of Neotropical bats

FIG. 4. Screen capture outlines of D. rotundus semidiagonal sequence walk: A) Initial position with right manus posterior to head: B–C) Right manus picked up and moved to position with wrist roughly level with eyes, body moved forward so left wrist now even with shoulders; D) Left manus picked up and moved into position with wrist level with eyes; E) Right pes picked up and brought proximal to body; F) Left pes picked up and brought proximal to body, in this case before right pes planted; G–H) Left pes planted and bat returns to original position. Screen captures taken approximately 0.125 seconds apart

FIG. 1 in Terrestrial behavior and trackway morphology of Neotropical bats

FIG. 1. Three types of bat pelvic and hindlimb morphology: A) Type 1 Carollia perspicillata (Phyllostomidae, Carolliinae) pelvis KUNHM 142704; B) C. perspicillata hindlimb KUNHM 142704; C) Type 2 Eptesicus fuscus (Vespertilionidae) pelvis KUNHM 6189; D) E. fuscus hindlimb KUNHM 6189; E) Type 3 Tadarida brasiliensis (Molossidae) pelvis KUNHM 7330; F) T. brasiliensis hindlimb KUNHM 7330. Scale bars are 1 cm

FIG. 10. Carollia perspicillata walking trial plaster Cast 1 in Terrestrial behavior and trackway morphology of Neotropical bats

FIG. 10. Carollia perspicillata walking trial plaster Cast 1, indicating locations of arcuate traces, clustered pedal tracks, and manus-dominated trackway. Forward progress of bat from top to bottom of figure

FIG. 13 in Terrestrial behavior and trackway morphology of Neotropical bats

FIG. 13. Carollia perspicillata breaststrokelike crawl trackway on Cast 1 showing outlines of manus tracks; arrow indicates direction of movement. Scale bar 1 cm

FIG. 3 in Terrestrial behavior and trackway morphology of Neotropical bats

FIG. 3. Screen capture outlines of D. rotundus bounding behavior: A) Bat positions both wrists anterior to tip of snout with pedes proximal to body; B–C) Body propelled forward as wrists and manual digit I remain planted, resulting in position with wrists posterior to shoulders and pedes directed posteriorly; D) Pedes picked up and brought forward and beneath body at same time as forelimbs lifted and moved forward; E) Bat returns to initial position with wrists anterior to tip of snout; F) Motion repeated. Note staggered movement of hindlimbs in second bound (E–F). Screen captures taken approximately 0.125 seconds apart

FIG. 6 in Terrestrial behavior and trackway morphology of Neotropical bats

FIG. 6. Screen capture outlines of C. perspicillata one-armed locomotion method: A) Initial position with left wrist approximately level with head, both feet distal to body, and right wrist behind shoulder; B) Bat pulls body forward with left arm, resulting in position of left wrist level with the shoulder; C) Bat picks up left foot and places it proximal to body; D–E) Bat picks up all limbs keeping only left forelimb in contact with sediment and moves body forward; F) Bat places left wrist approximately level with head; G–H) Bat repeats sequence, keeping left forelimb planted while moving the rest of the body forward. Screen captures taken approximately 0.25 seconds apart

FIG. 7 in Terrestrial behavior and trackway morphology of Neotropical bats

FIG. 7. Screen capture outlines of S. bilineata searching behavior: A) Initial position with feet stationary and distal to body; B–C) Bat retracts right pes then extends it distal to body; D–F) Bat plants right pes and retracts then extends left pes; G–H) Left pes planted and bat begins to retract right pes as it leans to right. Screen captures taken approximately 0.125 seconds apart

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2022View details →

Supplementary Data for "The impetus for bloom of Mesozoic terrestrial ecosystems in northern China: Insights from volcanic nutrient and harmful element delivery" in GRL.

Supplementary data tables for Ma et al. (2023) associated with the paper entitled "The impetus for bloom of Mesozoic terrestrial ecosystems in northern China: Insights from volcanic nutrient and harmful element delivery" published in GRL.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2023View details →

Supplementary Data for "Volcanic phosphorus supply boosted Mesozoic terrestrial biotas in northern China" in Science Bulletin.

Supplementary data tables for Ma et al. (2023) associated with the paper entitled "Volcanic phosphorus supply boosted Mesozoic terrestrial biotas in northern China" published in Sci. Bull.

dryad32/100

Data for: UK redwoods terrestrial laser scanner point clouds

Giant redwoods (Sequoiadendron giganteum) are some of the UK's largest trees, despite only being introduced in the mid-19th century. Given recent interest in planting redwoods in the UK, partly due to their carbon sequestration potential and also their undoubted public appeal, an understanding of their viability is important. However, little or no research has been conducted to quantitatively estimate their carbon uptake in UK conditions. We used 3D terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) to make detailed structure measurements of individual S. giganteum trees at three sites, to estimate aboveground biomass (AGB) and annual biomass accumulation rates. We show that UK-grown S. giganteum can sequester carbon at a rate of 80 - 100 kg C year-1, varying with climate, management and age. This accumulation rate is 2.5 and 20 times faster than commonly-grown UK plantation tree species. We develop new UK-specific allometric models for S. giganteumwhich fit observed AGB with r2 > 0.93 and bias < 2% and can be used to estimate S. giganteum AGB more generally. S. giganteum appears to represent a small but potentially important addition to the UK's carbon sequestration efforts and this work provides a baseline for estimating their longer term AGB and carbon sequestration capacity.

opencc-zeroMay 2023View details →

dryad32/100

Data from: Mercury concentrations decline with age in the fur of females of an insectivorous terrestrial mammal (Myotis lucifugus)

Methylmercury (MeHg) is a toxic form of mercury that bioaccumulates in organisms and biomagnifies through food webs. MeHg concentrations can be high in aquatic environments, and this puts high trophic-level predators who derive energy originating from aquatic environments at risk of toxic effects. Due to the potential for bioaccumulation of MeHg over an individual's life, the risk of MeHg toxicity may increase as animals age, and this risk may be especially high in species with relatively high metabolic rates. Total mercury (THg) concentrations were measured from the fur of adult female little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) collected between 2012–2017 in Salmonier Nature Park, Newfoundland and Labrador. Using linear mixed-effects models, the effects of age, year, and day of capture on THg concentrations were evaluated and interpreted with AICc and multi-model inference. We expected that THg concentrations would increase with age, and that due to annual summer moulting, individuals captured earlier in the season would have lower THg concentrations than individuals captured later in the season. Contrary to expectations, THg concentrations decreased with age, and date of capture did not explain any variation in concentration. Among individuals, there was a negative relationship between the initial THg concentration of an individual and the rate of change in THg concentrations with age. Using a regression analysis, we found evidence of a population-level decline in THg concentrations in fur over the 6-year study period. Overall, the results indicate that adult female bats eliminate enough MeHg from their tissues to affect a decrease in THg concentrations in their fur over time and that young adults are potentially at the greatest risk of experiencing toxic effects from high MeHg concentrations; this could result in reduced reproductive output, and warrants further research.

opencc-zeroMay 2023View details →

FIGURES 11–16 in An annotated checklist of terrestrial flatworms (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Geoplanidae) from Mexico, with new records of invasive species from a citizen science platform and a new nomen dubium

FIGURES 11–16. Illustrations of invasive species of Caenoplanini found in Mexico: dorsal (11) and ventral (12) aspect of Caenoplana coerulea; dorsal (13) and ventral (14) aspect of Endeavouria septemlineata; dorsal (15) and ventral (16) aspect of Parakontikia ventrolineata.

FIGURES 5–6 in An annotated checklist of terrestrial flatworms (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Geoplanidae) from Mexico, with new records of invasive species from a citizen science platform and a new nomen dubium

FIGURES 5–6. External aspect of Geoplana multipunctata: photograph of the dorsal (5) and ventral (6) sides of G. multipunctata sensu Fuhrmann (1914) (fig. 25 of plate XVI of Fuhrman [1914]; (7) lateral aspect of G. multipunctata sensu Hyman (1938) showing distribution of the eyes and aspect of a monolobate (bottom left) and trilobate eye (bottom center) (fig. 1 of Hyman [1938], redrawn). Scales not available.

FIGURES 17–25 in An annotated checklist of terrestrial flatworms (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Geoplanidae) from Mexico, with new records of invasive species from a citizen science platform and a new nomen dubium

FIGURES 17–25. Illustrations of invasive species of Rhynchodemini found in Mexico: (17) dorsal aspect of Dolichoplana carvalhoi with a dorsal pattern of five stripes; (18) dorsal aspect of D. carvalhoi and Dolichoplana striata with a dorsal pattern of six stripes; (19) detail of the dorsal aspect with six stripes; (20) detail of the dorsal aspect with a pattern of four stripes found in some specimens of D. striata; (21) detail of the dorsal aspect with five stripes; (22) detail of the ventral aspect of D. striata and D. carvalhoi with six dorsal stripes; (23) detail of the ventral aspect of D. carvalhoi with five dorsal stripes; dorsal (24) and ventral (25) aspect of Rhynchodemus sylvaticus. Scale bars: 5 mm.

FIGURES 1–4 in An annotated checklist of terrestrial flatworms (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Geoplanidae) from Mexico, with new records of invasive species from a citizen science platform and a new nomen dubium

FIGURES 1–4. Illustrations of invasive species of Bipaliinae found in Mexico: dorsal (1) and ventral (2) aspect of Bipalium kewense; dorsal (3) and ventral (3) aspect of Bipalium vagum. Scale bars: 5 mm.

FIGURE 10 in An annotated checklist of terrestrial flatworms (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Geoplanidae) from Mexico, with new records of invasive species from a citizen science platform and a new nomen dubium

FIGURE 10. Diporodemus yucatani. Redrawn from Hyman (1938), dorsal aspect of specimen. Scales not available.

FIGURES 8–9 in An annotated checklist of terrestrial flatworms (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Geoplanidae) from Mexico, with new records of invasive species from a citizen science platform and a new nomen dubium

FIGURES 8–9. Pseudogeoplana nigrofusca sensu von Graff (1899a, 1899b): (8) illustration of the dorsal aspect of a living specimen (fig. 1 of plate II of von Graff [1899b]); (9) illustration of the dorsal aspect of a fixed specimen missing a piece of integument (fig. 2 of plate II of von Graff [1899b]). Scales not available.

FIGURE 26 in An annotated checklist of terrestrial flatworms (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Geoplanidae) from Mexico, with new records of invasive species from a citizen science platform and a new nomen dubium

FIGURE 26. Map of Mexico pointing the iNaturalist records of the invasive terrestrial flatworms, excluding hammerhead flatworms (for those see de Luna et al. 2022): Caenoplana coerulea (blue circle), Dolichoplana carvalhoi (red hexagon), Dolichoplana striata (yellow hexagons), Endevouria septemlineata (orange squares), Parakontikia ventrolineata (green triangles), and Rhynchodemus sylvaticus (pink hexagon).

FIGURES 27–35 in An annotated checklist of terrestrial flatworms (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Geoplanidae) from Mexico, with new records of invasive species from a citizen science platform and a new nomen dubium

FIGURES 27–35: Visual guide to the key to subfamilies and tribes of North American terrestrial flatworms: (27) laterally expanded head of Bipaliinae; (28) inconspicuous head of most other groups; (29) specimen of Microplaninae with transverse striae; (30) aspect of the head of species with two eyes; (31) aspect of the head of species with multiple eyes; schemes of the cutaneous muscles as seen in transverse sections, with longitudinal muscles simple (32) or arranged into bundles (33); schemes showing the dorsal (34) or ventral (35) position of the testes as seen in transverse sections, with the intestine (dashed outline) as reference.