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2,608 results for “breed”
Figure 1 from: Milotic T, Desmet P, Anselin A, De Bruyn L, De Regge N, Janssens K, Klaassen R, Koks B, Schaub T, Schlaich A, Spanoghe G, T'jollyn F, Vanoverbeke J, Bouten W (2020) GPS tracking data of Western marsh harriers breeding in Belgium and the Netherlands. ZooKeys 947: 143-155. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.947.52570
Figure 1 INBO researcher Anny Anselin holding Peter (animal ID L143457), one of the tagged Western marsh harriers in the MH_WATERLAND dataset (tag ID 623).
Figure 2 from: Milotic T, Desmet P, Anselin A, De Bruyn L, De Regge N, Janssens K, Klaassen R, Koks B, Schaub T, Schlaich A, Spanoghe G, T'jollyn F, Vanoverbeke J, Bouten W (2020) GPS tracking data of Western marsh harriers breeding in Belgium and the Netherlands. ZooKeys 947: 143-155. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.947.52570
Figure 2 Left: Map giving an overview of the extent of the three datasets including the winter migration tracks; top right: summering data in H_GRONINGEN; middle right: summering data of MH_WATERLAND; and bottom right: summering data in MH_ANTWERPEN.
Optimizing whole-genomic prediction for autotetraploid blueberry breeding
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Blueberry (<em>Vaccinium</em> spp.) is an important autopolyploid crop with significant benefits for human health. Apart from its genetic complexity, the feasibility of genomic prediction has been proven for blueberry, </span></span><span><span>enabling a reduction in the breeding cycle time and increasing genetic gain. </span></span>However, as for other polyploid crops<span><span>, </span></span>sequencing <span><span>costs still hinder the implementation of genome-based breeding methods for blueberry.</span></span> This motivated us to evaluate the effect of training population sizes and composition, as well as the impact of marker density and sequencing depth on phenotype prediction for the species. For this, data from a large real breeding population of 1 804 individuals was used. Genotypic data from 86 930 markers and three traits with different genetic architecture (fruit firmness, fruit weight, and total yield) were evaluated. Herein, we suggested that marker density, sequencing depth, and training population size can be substantially reduced with no significant impact on model accuracy. Our results can help guide decisions towards resource allocation (e.g., genotyping and phenotyping) in order to maximize prediction accuracy. These findings have the potential to allow for a faster and more accurate release of varieties with a substantial reduction of resources for the application of genomic prediction in blueberry. We anticipate that the benefits and pipeline described in our study <span><span>can be applied to optimize genomic prediction for other diploid and polyploid species.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Supplementary materials for: Female‐female aggression in a cooperatively breeding bird during the non‐breeding period: The behavioral strategy to maintain long‐term partnerships
<p>Social monogamy evolves in association with biparental care. However, males who tend to pursue multiple mating are expected to place less value on established partnerships, whereas females do the opposite to ensure males'participation in rearing offspring. Accordingly, selection is expected to favor paired females to behave aggressively towards females that approach their social mates. For species with long-term partnerships, female-female aggression commonly observed during the breeding period should also occur in the non-breeding period. We look at whether these expectations are held up by conducting a field experiment in Tibetan ground tits Pseudopodoces humilis, a cooperatively breeding bird that has lifetime monogamy and forms new pair bonds in winter. Paired but not unpaired females were more aggressive towards the same-sex than towards opposite-sex intruders experimentally introduced into the winter group territory, an indication that paired females may be protecting partnerships. Both paired and unpaired males, on the other hand, displayed aggression almost equally against intruders of both sexes, indicating a likely function in territory defense. Our work provides the first evidence for the female's role in maintaining long-term monogamy during the non-breeding period in birds, and contributes to the recent progress regarding intrasexual competition between females as a component of sexual selection.</p>
Figure 2 in Home range and foraging habitat selection by breeding lesser kestrels (Falco naumanni) in Greece
Figure 2. Direction of movements exhibited by radio-tagged male and female lesser kestrels during (A) incubation and (B) nestling periods in central Greece, 2008.
Figure 3 in Home range and foraging habitat selection by breeding lesser kestrels (Falco naumanni) in Greece
Figure 3. Percentage of foraging locations over used habitats (open columns) of radio-tagged male and female lesser kestrels in relation to habitat available (black columns) within home ranges, during breeding stages in central Greece, 2008.
Brood parasitism, provisioning rates and breeding phenology of male and female magpie hosts
<p class="CuerpoA"><span>Parental care is a costly behaviour that raises the prospects of offspring survival. In species with biparental care these costs are shared by both parents, although there may be a conflict regarding the relative investment of each sex. Avian brood parasites leave all the costs of rearing offspring to their hosts. The magnitude of these costs and their consequences on the relative role of both sexes in parental care and future reproduction remain mostly unknown. Here, we investigate whether provisioning rate of nestlings by magpie hosts (<i>Pica pica</i>) differs between broods parasitized by the great spotted cuckoo (<i>Clamator glandarius</i>) and non-parasitized broods, and whether the relative contribution of each sex to provisioning is affected by parasitism. Furthermore, we explore the effect of parasitism on magpie's future reproduction. We found that provisioning rate was similar in parasitized and non-parasitized broods, and that the relative contribution of males and females was also similar, irrespectively of the parasitism status. However, rearing parasitic offspring seems to have a negative long-term effect on magpie's breeding phenology in the following breeding season. Our results suggest that, although brood parasitism by great spotted cuckoos does not seem to influence the relative contribution of both sexes to parental care, it may entail long-term extra costs in terms of breeding delay for magpies.</span></p>
Figures 3-5 from: França LF, Figueiredo-Paixão V, Duarte-Silva TA, Santos K (2020) The effects of rainfall and arthropod abundance on breeding season of insectivorous birds, in a semi-arid neotropical environment. Zoologia 37: 1-7. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.37.e37716
Figures 3-5 (3) Aerial arthropod biomass, (4) accumulated precipitation and (5) active brood patches, during 27 sampling events. Data recorded between October 2015 and October 2016, with 14-day intervals, in an area of seasonally dry Neotropical forest in northeastern Brazil. The biomass were converted to proportion using the ratio between abundance at each sampling event and total abundance during the study. Brood patch was converted to proportion using the ratio between individuals with brood patches and total individuals captured during a sampling event. *In one month, we had three, instead of two, monthly samplings as a result of the 14-day interval between samples.
Figures 1-2 from: França LF, Figueiredo-Paixão V, Duarte-Silva TA, Santos K (2020) The effects of rainfall and arthropod abundance on breeding season of insectivorous birds, in a semi-arid neotropical environment. Zoologia 37: 1-7. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.37.e37716
Figures 1-2 (1) Biomass and (2) number of arthropods recorded during 27 sampling events. Solid lines represent the aerial arthropods (windowpane trap and suction sampler), while dashed lines show terrestrial arthropod (pitfall trap). Data recorded between October 2015 and October 2016, with 14-day intervals, in an area of seasonally dry Neotropical forest, in northeastern Brazil. The abundance (biomass and number) were converted to proportion using the ratio between abundance at each sampling event and total abundance during the study. *In one month, we had three, instead of two, monthly samplings as a result of the 14-day interval between samples.
Extensive geographic variation in testes size and ejaculate traits in a terrestrial-breeding frog
<p>Ejaculate traits vary extensively among individuals and species, but little is known about their variation among populations of the same species. Here, we investigated patterns of intraspecific variation in male reproductive investment in the terrestrial-breeding frog <i>Pseudophryne guentheri</i>. Like most anurans, breeding activity in <i>P. guentheri</i> is cued by precipitation, and therefore the timing and duration of breeding seasons differ among geographically separated populations, potentially leading to differences in the level of sperm competition. We therefore anticipated local adaptation in sperm traits that reflect these phenological differences among populations. Our analysis of six natural populations (two near the northern range edge and four central populations) revealed significant divergence in testes and ejaculate traits that correspond with latitude; males from the northern and dry edge of the species range had significantly smaller testes <span>containing fewer, smaller and less motile sperm compared to those from the more mesic central populations. These findings may reflect spatial variation in the strength of postcopulatory sexual selection among populations, likely driven by</span><span> local patterns of precipitation.</span></p>
Figure 4 from: Jiao R-J, Bai L-H, Gao J-J (2020) Descriptions of two new species of the genus Colocasiomyia (Diptera, Drosophilidae) breeding on Rhaphidophora host plants in Yunnan, China. ZooKeys 968: 127-141. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.968.56677
Figure 4 Colocasiomyia todai Jiao & Gao, sp. nov. Adult male (holotype #10122) and female (paratype, #10100) from Ertaipo, Gaoligong Mountains, Baoshan, Yunnan, China A periphallic organs (lateral view) B periphallic organs (ventral view) C surstylus (right one, inner view) D phallic organs (dorsal view) E phallic organs (lateral view) F oviscapt (lateral view). Abbreviations: aed = aedeagus, aed a = aedeagal apodeme, aed b p = aedeagal basal process, cerc = cercus, epand = epandrium, epand a = epandrial apodeme, hypd = hypandrium, pm = paramere, 10S = tenth sternite. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
Figure 5 from: Jiao R-J, Bai L-H, Gao J-J (2020) Descriptions of two new species of the genus Colocasiomyia (Diptera, Drosophilidae) breeding on Rhaphidophora host plants in Yunnan, China. ZooKeys 968: 127-141. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.968.56677
Figure 5 Colocasiomyia liae Jiao & Gao, sp. nov. Adult male (holotype #10485) and female (paratype, #10486) from Qimaba, Lüchun, Yunnan, China. A periphallic organs (lateral view) B periphallic organs except cerci (ventral view) C tenth sternite (posteroventral view) D phallic organs (dorsal view) E phallic organs (lateral view) F oviscapt (lateral view). Abbreviations: aed = aedeagus, aed a = aedeagal apodeme, aed b p = aedeagal basal process, cerc = cercus, epand = epandrium, epand a = epandrial apodeme, hypd = hypandrium, pm = paramere, 10S = tenth sternite. Scale lines: 0.1 mm.
Figure 3 from: Jiao R-J, Bai L-H, Gao J-J (2020) Descriptions of two new species of the genus Colocasiomyia (Diptera, Drosophilidae) breeding on Rhaphidophora host plants in Yunnan, China. ZooKeys 968: 127-141. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.968.56677
Figure 3 Adult males of the new species: lateral habitus, head (anterior view), head and thorax (dorsal view), wing (ventral view of left one in D dorsal view of right one in I), and fore leg (right one, inner view) A–EColocasiomyia todai Jiao & Gao, sp. nov. (#10122) F–JC. liae Jiao & Gao, sp. nov. (#10485). Scale bars: 1.0 mm except for B, E, G and J (0.5 mm).
Figure 1 from: Jiao R-J, Bai L-H, Gao J-J (2020) Descriptions of two new species of the genus Colocasiomyia (Diptera, Drosophilidae) breeding on Rhaphidophora host plants in Yunnan, China. ZooKeys 968: 127-141. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.968.56677
Figure 1 Two host plant species of Colocasiomyia flies A–DRhaphidophora peepla (Roxb.) Schott (Ertaipo, Mt. Gaoligongshan, Yunnan, China) E–HR. crassicaulis Engl. & Karause (Qimaba, Lüchun, Yunnan, China) A, E plants climbing on tall trees B, F inflorescence buds C, G inflorescences D, H infructescences (with leaves shown together in H).
Figure 2 from: Jiao R-J, Bai L-H, Gao J-J (2020) Descriptions of two new species of the genus Colocasiomyia (Diptera, Drosophilidae) breeding on Rhaphidophora host plants in Yunnan, China. ZooKeys 968: 127-141. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.968.56677
Figure 2 Unrooted neighbor-joining tree of the C. gigantea species group built based on p-distances between COI sequences. Label of each operational taxonomic unit (OTU) is given in the form of "voucher number-GenBank accession number". Numbers beside nodes are bootstrap percentages (shown when ≥ 50; BP based on p-distance/BP based on K2P-distance).
Unstandardized breeding choice grouped by maternal litter
<p>Banded mongooses play a delicate balancing act between incest and warfare. Some females have to choose between mating with a relative within their own social group or trying to sneakily mate with a male from a rival group during fights between groups. We show that females are more likely to mate with extra-group males when the risk of inbreeding within their group is high, but not all females get this opportunity for extra-group mating.</p>
Sex-specific effects of cooperative breeding and colonial nesting on prosociality in corvids
<p>The investigation of prosocial behavior is of particular interest from an evolutionary perspective. Comparisons of prosociality across non-human animal species have, however, so far largely focused on primates, and their interpretation is hampered by the diversity of paradigms and procedures used. Here we present the first systematic comparison of prosocial behavior across multiple species in a taxonomic group outside the primate order, namely the bird family Corvidae. We measured prosociality in 8 corvid species, which vary in the expression of cooperative breeding and colonial nesting. We show that cooperative breeding is positively associated with prosocial behavior across species. Also colonial nesting is associated with a stronger propensity for prosocial behavior, but only in males. The combined results of our study strongly suggest that both cooperative breeding and colonial nesting, which may both rely on heightened social tolerance at the nest, are likely evolutionary pathways to prosocial behavior in corvids.</p>
Social status, forest disturbance, and Barred Owls shape long-term trends in breeding dispersal distance of Northern Spotted Owls
<p>Dispersal among breeding sites in territorial animals (i.e. breeding dispersal) is driven by numerous selection pressures, including competition and spatiotemporal variation in habitat quality. The scale and trend of dispersal movements over time may signal changing conditions within the population or on the landscape. We examined 2,158 breeding dispersal events from 694 male and 608 female individually-marked Northern Spotted Owls (<i>Strix occidentalis caurina</i>) monitored over 28 years on seven study areas to assess the relative importance of individual (sex, experience), reproductive (annual productivity, mate availability), and environmental (forest alteration, presence of competitor) sources of variation in breeding dispersal distance. Median breeding dispersal distance was 3.17 km, with 99% of all breeding dispersal events less than 37 km. Mean annual dispersal distances increased by 2.43 km in Oregon and 9.40 km in Washington between 1990 and 2017, which coincided with increases in annual detections of non-native Barred Owl (<i>S. varia</i>). Frequency of breeding dispersal events, both among and within individuals, also increased over time. Female owls moved farther than males (median of 3.26 km and 3.10 km respectively), and birds with less experience (territory tenure) moved farther than those with more experience. Owls that were single in the year prior to dispersal moved 13–31% farther than those paired prior to dispersal. The greatest environmental change occurring over the course of our study was the expansion of Barred Owl populations. Breeding dispersal distance was positively related to Barred Owls in the study area and disturbance within the originating territory. While it appears that social factors continue to be important drivers of breeding dispersal distance in Spotted Owls, increased competition from Barred Owls and habitat alteration have a contributing effect. Increased breeding dispersal distances should be of concern for conservation efforts and considered in population monitoring because changing dispersal behavior may lead to higher rates of mortality and/or emigration from historic study areas.</p>
Ecological and social constraints combine to promote evolution of non-breeding strategies in clownfish
<p><span>Individuals that forgo their own reproduction in animal societies represent an evolutionary paradox because it is not immediately apparent how natural selection can preserve the genes that underlie non-breeding strategies. Cooperative breeding theory provides a solution to the paradox: non-breeders benefit by helping relatives and/or inheriting breeding positions;<sup> </sup>non-breeders do not disperse to breed elsewhere because of ecological constraints. However, the question of why non-breeders do not contest to breed within their group has rarely been addressed. Here, we use a wild population of clownfish (<i>Amphiprion percula</i>), where non-breeders wait peacefully for years to inherit breeding positions, to show non-breeders will disperse when ecological constraints (risk of mortality during dispersal) are experimentally weakened. In addition, we show non-breeders will contest when social constraints (risk of eviction during contest) are experimentally relaxed. Our results show it is the combination of ecological and social constraints that promote the evolution of non-breeding strategies. The findings highlight parallels between, and potential for fruitful exchange between, cooperative breeding theory and economic bargaining theory: individuals will forgo their own reproduction and wait peacefully to inherit breeding positions (engage in cooperative options) when there are harsh ecological constraints (poor outside options) and harsh social constraints (poor inside options). </span></p>
Ms3 dominant genetic male sterility for wheat improvement with molecular breeding
<p>Genetic dominant male sterility (DMS) has not been widely used as a breeding tool in wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.), although DMS-facilitated backcross, mass selection, half-sib selection, and S<sub>1</sub> family recurrent selection strategies have been described, and <i>Ms2-</i>facilitated recurrent selection has been used in China. Our objective was to revisit these strategies using the tools of molecular breeding. Development of a mechanism for seedling identification of sterile progeny was a key component of designing practical DMS-facilitated molecular breeding systems. The DMS gene <i>Ms3</i> was previously localized to the centromeric region of chromosome 5A. The centromeric location is an advantage because recombination rates are very low. Once identified, a broadly informative marker would reliably predict the male-sterile phenotype. A set of 429 hybrids incorporating <i>Ms3</i> were constructed, both within US hard winter wheats, and between these winter wheats and Asian spring wheats. Association of the male-sterile phenotype with those polymorphic DNA sequence tags that localized to chromosome 5A was tested using case-control association analysis. Two highly significant (logarithm of odds [LOD] > 30) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)–trait associations were obtained. One SNP was developed into a highly sensitive, reliable molecular marker for the <i>Ms3</i>-associated male-sterile. Previously described breeding strategies using DMS were updated for trait-targeted marker-assisted backcrossing and gene pyramiding, S<sub>1</sub> recurrent selection, and early-generation genomic selection. Application of DMS to association mapping, with the particular use case of the multiparent advanced generation intercross population, is also described.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.