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17,039 results for “Natural”
Data for Hays et al Nature Chemistry 2022 NCHEM-21050864A
<p>Source data for Hays et al Nature Chem 2022<br> NCHEM-21050864A</p> <p>The source data relating to Figures 1-3 of the main article as well as source data for the Figures in the Supplementary Information are presented in separate directories, each with their own explicative "readme.txt" or "readme.doc". The main experimental and theoretical data are present in the "Figure 3" directory and its subdirectories.</p>
Comparative analysis of Printed Circuit Boards with Surface and Embedded Components under Natural and Forced Convection
<p>Figures of heat distribution on PCB depending on the installation method (surface and embedded) and the speed of forced airflow.</p>
Native generalist natural enemies and an introduced specialist parasitoid together control an invasive forest insect
<p>Specialized natural enemies have long been considered a major force driving the population dynamics of outbreaking forest insects. While research has traditionally focused on the role of specialist parasitoids, recent studies and reviews reflect an appreciation of complex interactions among many regulatory factors. The sources suggest that specialist parasitoids and generalist predators can each inflict strong top‐down effects and that specialists and generalists can interact to regulate insect herbivore populations. Here we use the model study organism winter moth (<i>Operophtera brumata</i>) in its invasive range in the northeast United States to investigate interactions between the introduced, host-specific tachinid parasitoid <i>Cyzenis albicans</i> and native, generalist pupal predators. Prior research in Canada showed that predation of winter moth pupae increased after <i>C. albicans </i>establishment. To explain this phenomenon, the following hypotheses have been suggested: (1) parasitoids suppress the winter moth population to a density that can be maintained by generalist predators, (2) unparasitized pupae are preferred by predators and thus experience higher mortality rates, or (3) <i>C. albicans </i>sustain higher predator populations throughout the year more effectively than winter moth alone. We tested these hypotheses by deploying winter moth pupae over six years spanning 2005 to 2017 and by modeling pupal predation rates as a function of winter moth density and <i>C. albicans </i>establishment. We also compared predation rates of unparasitized and parasitized pupae and considered additional mortality by a native pupal parasitoid. We found support for the first hypothesis; we detected both temporal and spatial density dependence, but only in the latter years of the study when winter moth densities were lower. We found no evidence for the latter two hypotheses. Our findings suggest that pupal predators have a regulatory effect on winter moth populations only after populations have been reduced, presumably by the introduction of the host-specific parasitoid <i>C. albicans</i>.</p>
Fig. 3 in Joaquim José da Silva (c. 1755-1810): his life, natural history collecting activities, and involvement in the so-called first scientific expedition in the interior of Angola
Fig. 3. – Holotype of Cyphia stheno Webb at P. [Silva s.n., P00088662; © Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris]
Natural Killer cells demonstrate distinct eQTL and transcriptome-wide disease associations, highlighting their role in autoimmunity.
<p><strong>Abstract</strong> </p> <p>Natural Killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes with central roles in immunosurveillance and are implicated in autoimmune pathogenesis. The degree to which regulatory variants affect NK gene expression is poorly understood. We performed expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) mapping of negatively selected NK cells from a population of healthy Europeans (n=245). We find a significant subset of genes demonstrate eQTL specific to NK cells and these are highly informative of human disease, in particular autoimmunity. An NK cell transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) across five common autoimmune diseases identified further novel associations at 27 genes. In addition to these <em>cis</em> observations, we find novel master-regulatory regions impacting expression of <em>trans</em> gene networks at regions including 19q13.4, the Killer cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptor (KIR) Region, <em>GNLY</em>, <em>MC1R</em> and<em> UVSSA</em>. Our findings provide new insights into the unique biology of NK cells, demonstrating markedly different eQTL from other immune cells, with implications for disease mechanisms.</p> <p><strong>Preprint</strong></p> <p>https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.10.443088v1</p> <p><strong>Dataset</strong></p> <p>nk_raw_for_zenodo.txt: Matrix of raw gene expression at 47,209 probes in primary human NK cells from 245 healthy individuals of European ancestry. Gene expression is quantified using the Illumina HumanHT-12 v4 BeadChip gene expression array platform. Column names represent Array Address ID for each probe, and row names represent pseudonymised sample identifiers, which can be matched to sample genotypes. Sample genotypes are available at the European Genome-Phenome Archive with accession ID EGAS00000000109).</p> <p>probes_passing_QC.txt: List of probes passing quality control; probe sequences mapping to a unique genomic locus, and probe sequences not containing common genomic variation (minor allele frequency >1%), n=29,002. Column names are Array Address ID (probeID), Ensembl ID (ensembl), Gene ID (gene), and Illumina probe ID (ilmn). </p>
Pete Iannetta: on the World's First Climate Positive Gin - made using peas - Nàdar (Nature).
<p>Agricultural ecologist Dr Pete Iannetta of the James Hutton Institute shares some brief thoughts on creation of the world's first climate positive based gin made from 100% peas.</p>
Kirsty Black: on the World's First Climate Positive Gin - made using peas - Nàdar (Nature).
<p>Master Distiller and Manager of Arbikie Distillery - Kirsty briefly shares her thoughts and perspectives on creating the worlds first climate positive spirit.</p>
Iain Stirling: on the World's First Climate Positive Gin - made using peas - Nàdar (Nature).
<p>Some brief perspectives on the arrival of the pea-based Nàdar from Iain Stirling - owner and founder of Arbikie Distillery.</p>
Introduction history mediates naturalization and invasiveness of cultivated plants
<p><strong>Aim:</strong> Species characteristics and cultivation are both associated with alien plant naturalization and invasiveness. Particular species characteristics are favored for cultivation, obscuring the relationship between traits and naturalization success. We sought to better understand the drivers of naturalization and invasiveness by analyzing relationships with species characteristics and cultivation and by disentangling the direct effects of characteristics from the indirect effects mediated by cultivation.</p> <p><strong>Location:</strong> Great Britain</p> <p><strong>Time period:</strong> c. 1000–present</p> <p><strong>Major taxa studied:</strong> Seed plants</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> We used a comprehensive dataset of 17,396 alien plant taxa introduced to Great Britain before 1850, a country with one of the most well-documented histories of plant introductions. We integrated this with cultivation data from historical and modern records of botanic gardens and commercial nurseries and with trait data. Accounting for time since introduction, we quantified the influences of cultivation and species characteristics on present-day naturalization and invasiveness in Great Britain.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> Larger native range size, earlier flowering, long-lived herbaceous growth form, and outdoor cultivated habitat were all associated with naturalization. However, these relationships between characteristics and naturalization largely reflected cultivation patterns. The indirect, mediating influence of cultivation on naturalization varied among species characteristics, and was relatively strong for growth form and weak for native range size. Cultivation variables, particularly availability in present-day nurseries, best explained invasiveness, while species characteristics had weaker associations.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusions:</strong> Human influence on species introduction and cultivation is associated with increased probability of naturalization and invasiveness, and it has measurable indirect effects by biasing the distribution of species characteristics in the pool of introduced species. Accounting for human cultivation preferences is necessary to make ecological interpretations of the effects of species characteristics on invasion.</p>
Custom language model checkpoints used in "Testing the limits of natural language models for predicting human language judgments"
<p>Checkpoint files for an RNN, LSTM, BILSTM and n-gram models used the paper "Testing the limits of natural language models for predicting human language judgments"</p>
Galls of Baden-Württemberg from the State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart
<p>A selection of preserved gall specimens used as a model for studying curation and digitization methods. The galls were collected in what is now the federal state of Baden-Württemberg between 1917 and 1986. Collectors include Jaap, Brielmaier, Wünsch, Möhn, Breunig, Thomas, Wunderle, and Grams. Gall forming taxa are primarily Cynipidae (Hymenoptera) and Cecidomyiidae (Diptera). Gall host plants include the genera <em>Acer, Alnus, Centaurea, Cirsium, Fagus, Filipendula, Hieracium, Quercus, Rorippa, Rosa, Rubus, Salix, Tilia, Urtica, </em>and <em>Vitis.</em></p>
Dataset accompanying Riesch et al. 2022. Grazing by wild red deer can mitigate nutrient enrichment in protected semi-natural open habitats. Oecologia
<p>This repository contains the data set on nutrient fluxes through wild red deer used by Riesch et al. 2022 in an article puplished in <em>Oecologia</em> (accepted 2022-05-01).</p> <p>Metadata are provided in the first excel worksheet. For further details please see the original article (DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05182-z).</p>
Fig. 1 in Formation Of Inter-Species Links In Ungulates In The Azov-Syvash National Nature Park
Fig. 1. Dynamics of quantity of the hoof-animals in the Azov-Syvash National Nature Park in the course of 1928–2018.
Fig. 2 in Findings Of Entomopathogenic Nematodes (Rhabditida, Steinernematidae) In Nature Reserves In Ukraine
Fig. 2. Consensus sequence alignment of the ITS rDNA region (including partial fragments of the 18S and 28S rDNA genes) of Steinernema isolates.
Fig. 1 in Findings Of Entomopathogenic Nematodes (Rhabditida, Steinernematidae) In Nature Reserves In Ukraine
Fig. 1. Map of Ukraine with marked areas of soil sampling: 1 — Dniprovsko-Orilsky Nature Reserve; 2 — Ukrainian Steppe Nature Reserve, "Kamyani Mohyly"; 3 — Kazantip Nature Reserve; 4 — Karadag Nature Reserve; 5 — Crimean Nature Reserve; 6 — Chornomorsky Biosphere Reserve, Ivano-Rybalchansky District; 7 — Nature Reserve "Yelanetsky steppe".
Fig. 1 in A Pasture Of Big Ungulate Animals As Key Ecological Factor Influencing On The Fluctuation Of Natural Habitat Of Steppe Herbivorous Mammals
Fig. 1. The steppe marmot quantity dynamics in the 20th century (cattle against the steppe marmot) of the Chertkovskiy Region of Rostov.
Dataset: Assessing MP2 frozen natural orbitals in relativistic correlated electronic structure calculations
<p>This dataset collects the unprocessed (= outputs from calculations) results discussed in the paper titled "Assessing MP2 frozen natural orbitals in relativistic correlated electronic structure calculations", by Xiang Yuan, Luvas Visscher and Andre Severo Pereira Gomes. It also contains the figures used in the manuscript.</p>
IODP Expedition 372A Natural gamma radiation
<p>Natural gamma radiation (NGR) data in the ~0.1 to 3.0 MeV range were measured using eight custom-designed sodium iodide (thallium) [NaI(Tl)] detectors arranged along the core measurement axis at 20 cm intervals. The NGR system uses layers of passive shielding (lead) and active shielding (plastic scintillators and coincidence electronics) to reduce the cosmic-ray signal for low-count analysis of sediment core sections and to obtain the maximum signal-to-noise ratio. Data are reported on a total counts per second basis and the raw spectral files are available as compressed files for later analysis.</p>
IODP Expedition 374 Natural gamma radiation
<p>Natural gamma radiation (NGR) data in the ~0.1 to 3.0 MeV range were measured using eight custom-designed sodium iodide (thallium) [NaI(Tl)] detectors arranged along the core measurement axis at 20 cm intervals. The NGR system uses layers of passive shielding (lead) and active shielding (plastic scintillators and coincidence electronics) to reduce the cosmic-ray signal for low-count analysis of sediment core sections and to obtain the maximum signal-to-noise ratio. Data are reported on a total counts per second basis and the raw spectral files are available as compressed files for later analysis.</p>
Data and R code used for the GLMM and NBDA analyses in 'Captive Asian short-clawed otters (Aonyx cinereus) learn to exploit unfamiliar natural prey'
<p>Foraging plays a vital role in animal life histories, learning whether unfamiliar food items are palatable is a key part of this process. Animals that engage in extractive foraging must also learn how to overcome the protective measures of their prey. While otters (subfamily Lutrinae) are a taxon known for their extractive foraging behaviour, how they learn about prey palatability and acquire extractive foraging techniques remains poorly understood. Here we investigated: (i) how captive Asian short-clawed otters (<em>Aonyx cinereus</em>) learned to interact with, and extract meat from, unfamiliar natural prey, and (ii) how their exploitation of such prey compared to their ability to overcome artificial foraging tasks containing familiar food rewards. Network-based diffusion analysis showed that otters learned to interact with unfamiliar natural prey by observing their group mates. However, once interacting with the prey, they learned to extract the meat mainly asocially. In addition, otters took longer to overcome the protective measures of unfamiliar natural prey than those of extractive food puzzles. Asian short-clawed otter populations are declining in the wild. Increasing our understanding of how they learn to overcome novel foraging challenges could help develop pre-release training procedures as part of reintroduction programmes for otter conservation.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.