Find research datasets worth reusing
Search datasets from major research repositories and use ShareScore to quickly assess how well each record supports discovery, access, and reuse.
10,950
datasets available to search
ShareScore release 0.9.0
Dataset results
10,950 results for “hosting”
Data for: Feedback between coevolution and epidemiology can help or hinder the maintenance of genetic variation in host-parasite models
<p>Antagonistic coevolution has long been suggested to help maintain host genetic variation. While, ecological and epidemiological feedbacks are known to have important consequences on coevolutionary allele frequency dynamics, their effects on the maintenance of genetic variation remains poorly understood.Here, we extend our previous work on the maintenance of genetic variation in a classic matching-alleles coevolutionary model by exploring the effects of ecological and epidemiological feedbacks, where both allele frequencies and population sizes are allowed to vary over time. We find that coevolution rarely maintains more host genetic variation than expected under neutral genetic drift alone. When and if coevolution maintains or depletes genetic variation relative to neutral drift is determined, predominantly, by two factors: the deterministic stability of the Red Queen allele frequency cycles and the chance of allele fixation in the pathogen, as this results in directional selection and depletion of genetic variation in the host. Compared to purely coevolutionary models with constant host and pathogen population sizes, ecological and epidemiological feedbacks stabilize Red Queen cycles deterministically, but population fluctuations in the pathogen increase the rate of allele fixation in the pathogen, especially in epidemiological models. Our results illustrate the importance of considering the ecological and epidemiological context in which coevolution occurs when examining the impact of Red Queen cycles on genetic variation.</p>
Host spatial structure and disperser activity determine mistletoe infection patterns
<p><span>What processes and factors are responsible for species distribution are long-standing questions in ecology and a key element for conservation and management. Mistletoes provide the opportunity to study a forest species whose occurrence is expected to be constrained by multiple factors as a consequence of their life form. We studied the mistletoe <i>Tristerix corymbosus</i> (Loranthaceae) on its most common hosts species in northwest Patagonia. The seeds of this mistletoe are almost exclusively dispersed by the small arboreal and endemic marsupial <i>Dromiciops gliroides</i> (Microbiotheridae). We assessed the underlying causes of plant spatial patterns through point pattern analysis and we used different variables that characterize the neighborhood around each host to analyze the relative effect of host availability, potential for disperser movement, and canopy light conditions. We found that potential hosts were strongly aggregated and that the three most common host species were distributed independent of each other. Considering all host species together, infected and non-infected host were individually aggregated but segregated from each other. The aggregated pattern of infected hosts could be explained in part by the template of potential hosts distribution, but was subsequently modulated by the activity of the mistletoe disperser. Potential for disperser movement, the proximity to reproductive mistletoes and habitat complexity, increased mistletoe infection probability. However, neighboring host availability decreased mistletoe infection probability, and tree DBH (used as surrogate for light conditions) had no detectable effect. Our results suggested that the distribution of mistletoe infection was determined by the structure of potential host populations and by the marsupial disperser activity. Compared to bird dispersed mistletoes, the scale of the infection was smaller and the proximity to reproductive mistletoes and habitat complexity were important for seed arrival and infection. The interplay between landscape structure and disperser activity determine the spatial structure of mistletoe future generations. </span></p>
Ecology directs host-parasite coevolutionary trajectories across Daphnia-microparasite populations
<p>Host-parasite interactions often fuel coevolutionary change. However, parasitism is one of a myriad of possible ecological interactions in nature. Biotic (<i>e.g., </i>predation) and abiotic (<i>e.g., </i>temperature) variation can amplify or dilute parasitism as a selective force on hosts and parasites, driving population variation in (co)evolutionary trajectories. We dissected the relationships between wider ecology and coevolutionary trajectory using 16 ecologically complex <i>Daphnia magna-Pasteuria ramosa</i> ponds seeded with an identical starting host (<i>Daphnia</i>) and parasite (<i>Pasteuria</i>) population. We show, using a time-shift experiment and outdoor population data, how multivariate biotic and abiotic ecological differences between ponds caused coevolutionary divergence. Wider ecology drove variation in host evolution of resistance, but not parasite infectivity; parasites subsequently coevolved in response to the changing complement of host genotypes, such that parasites adapted to historically resistant host genotypes. Parasitism was a stronger interaction for the parasite than for its host, likely because the host is the principal environment and selective force, whereas for hosts, parasite-mediated selection is one of many sources of selection. Our findings reveal the mechanisms through which wider ecology creates coevolutionary hotspots and coldspots in biologically realistic arenas of host-parasite interaction, and sheds light on how the ecological theatre can affect the (co)evolutionary play.</p>
Data from: Differing thermal sensitivities in a host-parasitoid interaction: high, fluctuating developmental temperatures produce dead wasps and giant caterpillars
<p>1. Insect parasitoids, and the arthropod hosts they consume during development, are important ecological players in almost all environments across the globe. As ectothermic organisms, both parasitoid and host are strongly impacted by environmental temperature. If thermal tolerances differ between host insect and parasitoid, then the outcome of their interaction will be determined by the ambient temperature. As mean temperatures continue to rise and extreme temperatures become more frequent, we must determine the effect of high temperature stress on host-parasitoid systems to predict how they will fare in the face of climate change.</p> <p class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle">2. The majority of studies conducted on host-parasitoid systems focus on either performance under constant temperature, or a fixed metric of thermal tolerance (CT<sub>max</sub>) for individual organisms. However, performance at constant temperatures is not predictive of performance under ecologically relevant, fluctuating temperatures, and measurements of thermal thresholds provide little information regarding the effects of temperature throughout development. We address this by testing the effects of increasing mean temperature in both constant and fluctuating (±10°C) environments throughout development on the performance of the parasitoid wasp <i>Cotesia congregata</i> and its lepidopteran larval host, <i>Manduca sexta.</i></p> <p class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpLast">3. The growth of <i>M. sexta</i> was influenced by mean temperature, diurnal fluctuations, and parasitization status. Caterpillar growth rate increased with increasing mean temperature, but decreased in response to diurnal fluctuations and parasitization by <i>C. congregata </i>wasps.</p> <p>4. Wasp survival decreased with increasing mean temperature, and diurnal fluctuations decreased wasp survival, especially at higher mean temperatures. Diurnal fluctuations at our highest mean temperature treatment (30°C±10°C) resulted in complete wasp mortality, and parasitized hosts displayed abnormal physiology, wherein they failed to exhibit wasp emergence, did not enter the prepupal stage, continued to feed, and grew up to two-fold larger than a normal, unparasitized caterpillar.</p> <p>5. Our results indicate hosts and parasitoids in this system have different thermal tolerances during development; the parasitoid wasp suffered complete mortality at a temperature regime that is mildly stressful for the unparasitized caterpillar host species. Our findings suggest <i>C. congregata </i>will suffer more severely under increasing temperatures than <i>M. sexta</i>, with cascading trophic and ecological effects.</p>
Raw data from: Dysregulation of host-control causes interspecific conflict over host investment into symbiotic organs
Microbial mutualists provide substantial benefits to hosts that feed back to enhance fitness of the associated microbes. In many systems, beneficial microbes colonize symbiotic organs, specialized host structures that house symbionts and mediate resources exchanged between parties. Mutualisms are characterized by net benefits exchanged among members of different species, however inequalities in the magnitude of these exchanges could result in evolutionary conflict, destabilizing the mutualism. We investigated joint fitness effects of root nodule formation, the symbiotic organ of legumes that house nitrogen-fixing rhizobia in planta. We quantified host and symbiont fitness parameters dependent on the number of nodules formed using near isogenic Lotus japonicus and Mesorhizobium loti mutants, respectively. Empirically estimated fitness functions suggest that legume and rhizobia fitness is aligned as the number of nodules formed increases from zero until the host optimum is reached, a point where aligned fitness interests shift to diverging fitness interests between host and symbiont. However, fitness conflict was only inferred when analyzing wildtype hosts along with their mutants dysregulated for control over nodule formation. These data demonstrate that to avoid conflict, hosts must tightly regulate investment into symbiotic organs maximizing their benefit to cost ratio of associating with microbes.
Tick microbiomes in neotropical forest fragments are best explained by tick-associated and environmental factors rather than host blood source
<p>The composition of tick microbiomes varies both within and among tick species. Whether this variation is intrinsic (related to tick characteristics), or extrinsic (related to vertebrate host and habitat) is poorly understood but important, as microbiota can influence the reproductive success and vector competence of ticks. We aimed to uncover what intrinsic and extrinsic factors best explain the microbial composition and taxon richness of 11 species of Neotropical ticks, collected from eight species of small mammals in 18 forest fragments across central Panama. Microbial richness varied among tick species, life stages, and collection sites, but was not related to host blood source. Microbiome composition was best explained by tick life stage, with bacterial assemblages of larvae being a subset of those of nymphs. Collection site explained most of the bacterial taxa with differential abundance across intrinsic and extrinsic factors. <i>Francisella </i>and <i>Rickettsia </i>were highly prevalent, but their proportional abundance differed greatly among tick species and we found both positive and negative co-occurrence between members of these two genera. Other tick endosymbionts (e.g. <i>Coxiella</i>, <i>Rickettsiella</i>) were associated with specific tick species. In addition, we detected <i>Anaplasma</i> and <i>Bartonella </i>in several tick species. Our results indicate that the microbial composition and richness of Neotropical ticks are principally related to intrinsic factors (tick species, life stage) and collection site. Taken together, our analysis informs how tick microbiomes are structured and can help anchor our understanding of tick microbiomes from tropical environments more broadly.</p>
Impact of Helicoverpa zea salivary GOX on stomatal conductance and volatile emission of host plants
<p>This data set contain raw data associated with the manuscript titled "Silencing the alarm: An insect salivary enzyme closes plant stomata and inhibits volatile release". </p> <p>Herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) are widely recognized as ecologically important to plant. While the majority of studies focused on the induction of this "cry for help", little is known about whether insect herbivores have evolved mechanisms to reduce the release of HIPVs. Here we show that a caterpillar (<em>Helicoverpa zea</em>) salivary enzyme, glucose oxidase (GOX), commonly secreted on plant leaves causes stomatal closure and reductions in emissions of several HIPVs involved in plant defenses. We found that application of GOX to wounded regions of leaves led to reductions in stomatal conductance on tomato (<em>Solanum lycopersicum</em>) and soybean (<em>Glycine max</em>) for at least two days. The role of GOX in reducing stomatal aperture was confirmed using GOX knockout lines of <em>H. zea</em> (CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis), and microscopic observations of stomata. In addition, GOX reduced the emission of several HIPVs during feeding by <em>H. zea</em>, including (Z)-3-hexenol, (Z)-jasmone, and (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, which are important air borne signals in plant defenses. Our findings highlight a novel mechanism where insect herbivore reduces the release of HIPVs during feeding by targeting fundamental plant structure (i.e. stomata), and the link between of stomatal dynamics and releases of HIPVs. We demonstrate the existence of HIPVs-interfering mechanisms as a potential evolutionary strategy for insect herbivores to interfere with plant air borne signals.</p>
Data from: Pliant pathogens: estimating viral spread when confronted with new vector, host, and environmental conditions
<p>1. Pathogen spread rates are determined, in part, by the performance of pathogens under altered environmental conditions and their ability to persist while switching among hosts and vectors.</p> <p>2. To determine the effects of new conditions (host, vector, and nutrient) on pathogen spread rate, we introduced a vector-borne, viral plant pathogen, Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus PAV (BYDV-PAV) into hosts, vectors, and host nutrient supplies that it had not encountered for thousands of viral generations. We quantified pathogen prevalence over the course of two serial inoculations under the new conditions. Using individual level transmission rates from this experiment, we parameterized a dynamical model of disease spread and projected spread across host populations through a growing season. </p> <p>3. A change in nutrient conditions (increased supply of phosphorus) reduced viral transmission whereas shifting to a new vector or host species had no effect on infection prevalence. However, the reduction in the new nutrient environment was only temporary; infection prevalence recovered after the second inoculation.</p> <p><i>4. Synthesis</i>. These results highlight how robust the pathogen, BYDV-PAV, is to changes in its biotic and abiotic environment. Our study also highlights the need to quantify longitudinal infection information beyond snapshot assessments to project disease risk for pathogens in new environments.</p>
Data from: Reduced skin bacterial diversity correlates with increased pathogen infection intensity in an endangered amphibian host
The fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) infects the skin of amphibians, and has caused severe declines and extinctions of amphibians globally. In this study, we investigate the interaction between Bd and the bacterial skin microbiome of the endangered Sierra Nevada yellow-legged frog, Rana sierrae, using both culture-dependent and culture-independent methods. Samples were collected from two populations of R. sierrae that likely underwent Bd epizootics in the past, but that continue to persist with Bd in an enzootic disease state, and we address the hypothesis that such "persistent" populations are aided by mutualistic skin microbes. Our 16S rRNA metabarcoding data reveal that the skin microbiome of highly infected juvenile frogs is characterized by significantly reduced species richness and evenness, and by strikingly lower variation between individuals, compared to juveniles and adults with lower infection levels. Over 90% of DNA sequences from the skin microbiome of highly infected frogs were derived from bacteria in a single order, Burkholderiales, compared to just 54% in frogs with lower infection levels. In a culture-dependent Bd-inhibition assay, the bacterial metabolites we evaluated all inhibited the growth of Bd. Together, these results illustrate the disruptive effects of Bd infection on host skin microbial community structure and dynamics, and suggest possible avenues for the development of anti-Bd probiotic treatments.
Combining GWAS and FST-based approaches to identify targets of Borrelia-mediated selection in natural rodent hosts
Recent advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies provide opportunities to gain novel insights into the genetic basis of phenotypic trait variation. Yet to date, progress in our understanding of genotype-phenotype associations in non-model organisms in general and natural vertebrate populations in particular has been hampered by small sample sizes typically available for wildlife populations and a resulting lack of statistical power, as well as a limited ability to control for false positive signals. Here we propose to combine a genome-wide association (GWAS) and FST-based approach with population-level replication to partly overcome these limitations. We present a case study in which we used this approach in combination with Genotyping-by-Sequencing (GBS) SNP data to identify genomic regions associated with Borrelia afzelii resistance or susceptibility in the natural rodent host of this Lyme disease-causing spirochete, the bank vole (Myodes glareolus). Using this combined approach we identified four consensus SNPs located in exonic regions of the genes Slc26a4, Tns3, Wscd1 and Espnl, which were significantly associated with the voles' Borrelia infectious status within and across populations. Functional links between host responses to bacterial infections and most of these genes have previously been demonstrated in other rodent systems, making them promising new candidates for the study of evolutionary host responses to Borrelia emergence. Our approach is applicable to other systems and may facilitate the identification of genetic variants underlying disease resistance or susceptibility, as well as other ecologically relevant traits, in wildlife populations.
Data from: Serratia marcescens Shapes Cutaneous Bacterial Communities and Influences Survival of an Amphibian Host
A changing understanding of the functional interactions between microbial communities and their associated hosts is influencing how disease is perceived and ameliorated. Of the numerous host-microbiome-disease systems of study, the emergence of chytridiomycosis in anurans (caused by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, hereafter Bd), has been implicated in ongoing declines and extinction events of amphibians across the planet. Interestingly, there has been differential survival among amphibians in resisting Bd infection and subsequent disease. One factor thought to contribute to this resistance is the host-associated cutaneous microbiota. This has raised the possibility of utilizing genetically modified probiotics to restructure the host-associated microbiota for desired anti-fungal outcomes. Here, we utilize a previously described strain of Serratia marcescens (Sm) for manipulation of amphibian cutaneous microbiota. Sm was genetically altered to have a dysfunctional pathway for the production of the extracellular metabolite prodigiosin. This genetically altered strain (Δpig) and the functional prodigiosin producing strain (WT-pig) were compared for their microbial community and anti-Bd effects both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, Bd growth was significantly repressed in the presence of prodigiosin. In vivo, the inoculation of both Sm strains was shown to significantly influence amphibian microbiota diversity with the Δpig-Sm treatment showing increasing α-diversity, and the WT-pig S. marcescens having no temporal effect on diversity. Differences were also seen in host mortality with Δpig-Sm exhibiting significantly decreased survival probability as compared to a no¬-Sm control in the presence of Bd. These results are important evidence for the potential of genetic-level manipulation of bacteria in a host microbial community, which may provide a way to alter disease outcomes and address critical frontiers in disease and microbial ecology.
Data from: Does sex-biased dispersal account for the lack of geographic and host-associated differentiation in introduced populations of an aphid parasitoid?
Host recognition and use in female parasitoids strongly relies on host fidelity, a plastic behavior which can significantly restrict the host preferences of parasitoids, thus reducing the gene flow between parasitoid populations attacking different insect hosts. However, the effect of migrant males on the genetic differentiation of populations has been frequently ignored in parasitoids, despite its known impact on gene flow between populations. Hence, we studied the extent of gene flow mediated by female and male parasitoids by assessing sibship relationships among parasitoids within and between populations, and its impact on geographic and host-associated differentiation in the aphid parasitoid Aphidius ervi. We report evidences of a high gene flow among parasitoid populations on different aphid hosts and geographic locations. The high gene flow among parasitoid populations was found to be largely male mediated, suggested by significant differences in the distribution of full-sib and paternal half-sib dyads of parasitoid populations.
Data from: Entangled fates of holobiont genomes during invasion: nested bacterial and host diversities in Caulerpa taxifolia
Successful prevention and mitigation of biological invasions requires retracing the initial steps of introduction, as well as understanding key elements enhancing the adaptability of invasive species. We studied the genetic diversity of the green alga Caulerpa taxifolia and its associated bacterial communities in several areas around the world. The striking congruence of α and ß diversity of the algal genome and endophytic communities reveals a tight association, supporting the holobiont concept as best describing the unit of spreading and invasion. Both genomic compartments support the hypotheses of a unique accidental introduction in the Mediterranean and of multiple invasion events in Southern Australia. In addition to helping with tracing the origin of invasion, bacterial communities exhibit metabolic functions that can potentially enhance adaptability and competitiveness of the consortium they form with their host. We thus hypothesize that low genetic diversities of both host and symbiont communities may contribute to the recent regression in the Mediterranean, in contrast with the persistence of highly diverse assemblages in southern Australia. This study supports the importance of scaling up from the host to the holobiont for a comprehensive understanding of invasions.
Data from: Co-occurrence among three divergent plant-castrating fungi in the same silene host species
The competitive exclusion principle postulates that different species can only coexist in sympatry if they occupy distinct ecological niches. The goal of this study was to understand the geographical distribution of three species of Microbotryum anther-smut fungi that are distantly related but infect the same host plants, the sister species Silene vulgaris and S. uniflora, in western Europe. We used microsatellite markers to investigate pathogen distribution in relation to host specialization and ecological factors. Microbotryum violaceo-irregulare was only found on S. vulgaris at high elevations in the Alps. Microbotryum lagerheimii could be subdivided into two genetically differentiated clusters, one on S. uniflora in the UK and the second on S. vulgaris in the Alps and Pyrenees. The most abundant pathogen species, M. silenes-inflatae, could be subdivided into four genetic clusters, co-occurring in the Alps, the UK and the Pyrenees, and was found on both S. vulgaris and S. uniflora. All three fungal species had high levels of homozygosity, in agreement with the selfing mating system generally observed in anther-smut fungi. The three pathogen species and genetic clusters had large range overlaps, but occurred at sites with different elevations, temperatures and precipitation levels. The three Microbotryum species thus do not appear to be maintained by host specialization or geographic allopatry, but instead may occupy different ecological niches in terms of environmental conditions.
Data from: Nitrogen fertilization differentially enhances nodulation and host growth of two invasive legume species in an urban environment
Invasive plants negatively impact native communities by altering ecosystem processes and reducing species diversity. Plants in the legume family are overrepresented among invasive taxa and establish in disturbed environments common in urban ecosystems. Mutualisms with rhizobia and anthropogenic activities, such as nitrogen fertilization, may be key mechanisms driving legume invasions of urban habitats. Moreover, legume species and genetic lineages within species may vary in their responses to nitrogen fertilization, making some more likely to invade than others. Despite this threat, it remains unclear whether nitrogen fertilization impacts mutualism and plant growth traits of invasive legumes in urban environments, and whether these effects depend on the genetic origin of invaders. We conducted a common garden experiment using two widespread, invasive legume species, Medicago sativa and Trifolium pratense, to test the effects of species, genetic origin of lineages within species, and nitrogen fertilization on the mutualism. Soil nitrogen was manipulated and effects on traits associated with the mutualism (nodule traits) and plant growth were quantified. Nitrogen fertilization improved nodule traits and host growth for both species, but M. sativa and certain genetic lineages of this species benefited more from fertilization than any of the tested T. pratense lineages. This work reveals how anthropogenic activities alter mutualism traits and plant growth in urban environments, potentially facilitating invasions by leguminous taxa. Because species and lineages varied in the strength of their responses to fertilization, over time some invading legumes may outcompete other plant species or lineages, leading to differential impacts on native communities in urban environments.
Figure 5 in Gall-inducing arthropods in a Neotropical savanna area in the EPA of Rio Pandeiros (Bonito de Minas, MG, Brazil): effects of plant species richness and super-host abundance
Figure 5. Gall morphotypes in host plants in an area of Neotropical savanna in the EPA of Rio Pandeiros (Bonito de Minas, MG, Brazil). (A-B) Vochysiaceae = Qualea grandiflora, (C-D) Vochysiaceae = Qualea parviflora. of gall morphotypes per host plant species was 1.37. species was significantly influenced both by plant spe- Gall-inducing arthropods belonged to Acari, Diptera, cies richness (p = 0.011) and abundance of super-host Hemiptera and Lepidoptera. The most important gall-in- plants (p = 0.020) (Table 2). We found that galling speducing arthropods were Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) having cies per plant species was negatively affected by plant induced 34 (85.0%) gall morphotypes. In the sequence species richness (Fig. 6) and positively affected by abunwere Eriophyidae (Acari) inducing three (7.5%) mor- dance of super-host plants (Fig. 7). photypes, Psylloidea (Hemiptera) inducing two (5.0%) morphotypes, and Lepidoptera inducing a single (2.5%) morphotype. DISCUSSION The plant families that showed the greatest richness of arthropod galls were Fabaceae, with 16 (40.0%) mor- The number of galling species observed in the area photypes, Vochysiaceae with four (10.0%) and Myrtaceae of EPA of Rio Pandeiros (40 morphotypes) is intermediary (7.5%) with three morphotypes (Table 1). The plant spe- compared to other studies performed in Neotropical sacies Copaifera oblongifolia and Andira humilis Mart. ex vannas (Table 3). Forexample, Urso-Guimarãesetal. (2003) Benth. (Fabaceae) were the most important host spe- recorded only 22 gall morphotypes in cerrado fragments, cies with five and three morphotypes, respectively. All rupestrian field and gallery forest in Delfinópolis, Minas other host plant species had two or one morphotypes Gerais State. In other study, Maia & Fernandes (2004) re- (Table 1). Most of the arthropod galls occurred on leaves corded 137 morphotypes of insect galls in an area of rup- (90.0%), and was lenticular (45.0%), green (52.5%) and estrian fields and cerrado in the Serra de São José, Minas glabrous (82.5%). Gerais. These numbers extremely variable in the diversi- Galling species richness was not affected by none of ty of galling species can be explained by several factors, explanatory variables (Table 2), despite the tendency of among which are different sampling efforts employed in a positive effect of abundance of super-hosts on the gall the studies, as well as variations in the structural characrichness (p = 0.057). Already the galling species per plant teristics and diversity of the studied vegetation. The stan-
Figure 4 in Gall-inducing arthropods in a Neotropical savanna area in the EPA of Rio Pandeiros (Bonito de Minas, MG, Brazil): effects of plant species richness and super-host abundance
Figure 4. Gall morphotypes in host plants in an area of Neotropical savanna in the EPA of Rio Pandeiros (Bonito de Minas, MG, Brazil). (A) Fabaceae = Tachigali alba, (B) Malpighiaceae = Malpighiaceae sp., (C) Malvaceae = Eriotheca gracilipes, (D) Myrtaceae = Eugenia dysenterica, (E) Myrtaceae = Eugenia sp., (F) Myrtaceae = Psidium sp., (G) Ochnaceae = Ouratea hexasperma, (H) Ochnaceae = Ouratea spectabilis.
Figure 3 in Gall-inducing arthropods in a Neotropical savanna area in the EPA of Rio Pandeiros (Bonito de Minas, MG, Brazil): effects of plant species richness and super-host abundance
Figure 3. Gall morphotypes in host plants in an area of Neotropical savanna in the EPA of Rio Pandeiros (Bonito de Minas, MG, Brazil). (A-D) Fabaceae = Copaifera oblongifolia, (E) Fabaceae = Hymenaea stigonocarpa, (F-G) Fabaceae = Machaerium opacum, (H) Fabaceae = Sclerolobium denudatum.
Figure 2 in Gall-inducing arthropods in a Neotropical savanna area in the EPA of Rio Pandeiros (Bonito de Minas, MG, Brazil): effects of plant species richness and super-host abundance
Figure 2. Gall morphotypes in host plants in an area of Neotropical savanna in the EPA of Rio Pandeiros (Bonito de Minas, MG, Brazil). (A) Dilleniaceae = Davilla elliptica, (B) Ebenaceae = Diospyros hispida, (C) Erythroxylaceae = Erythroxylum suberosum, (D-F) Fabaceae = Andira humilis, (G) Fabaceae = Copaifera luetzelburgii, (H) Fabaceae = Copaifera oblongifolia.
Figure 1 in Gall-inducing arthropods in a Neotropical savanna area in the EPA of Rio Pandeiros (Bonito de Minas, MG, Brazil): effects of plant species richness and super-host abundance
Figure 1. Gall morphotypes in host plants in an area of Neotropical savanna in the EPA of Rio Pandeiros (Bonito de Minas, MG, Brazil). (A) Anacardiaceae =Anacardium humile, (B) Bignoniaceae = Handroanthus ochraceus, (C) Calophyllaceae = Kielmeyera speciosa, (D) Caryocaraceae = Caryocar brasiliense, (E) Combretaceae = Terminalia fagifolia, (F-G) Connaraceae = Connarus suberosus, (H) Dilleniaceae = Davilla elliptica.
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.