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Figure 3 from: Dixie B, White H, Hassall M (2015) Effects of microclimate on behavioural and life history traits of terrestrial isopods: implications for responses to climate change. In: Taiti S, Hornung E, Štrus J, Bouchon D (Eds) Trends in Terrestrial Isopod Biology. ZooKeys 515: 145–157. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.515.9399
Figure 3 - Response of mortality to temperature and relative humidity. Responses to temperature by a) Oniscus asellus, (U = 3097.0, P = 0.640. and b) by Porcellio dilatatus, (U = 2254.5, P = 0.016) and to relative humidity by c) Oniscus asellus (U = 1851.5, P < 0.001) and d) by Porcellio dilatatus (U = 2277.5 P < 0.001). Asterisks denote differences signficance at P < 0.05.
Figure 1 from: Dixie B, White H, Hassall M (2015) Effects of microclimate on behavioural and life history traits of terrestrial isopods: implications for responses to climate change. In: Taiti S, Hornung E, Štrus J, Bouchon D (Eds) Trends in Terrestrial Isopod Biology. ZooKeys 515: 145–157. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.515.9399
Figure 1 - Responses in aggregation index to differences in temperatures and relative humidity: Responses to different temperatures by a) Oniscus asellus, (F 4, 249 = 12.22; P < 0.001) and b) by Porcellio scaber (F4,249 = 3.76; P < 0.001). and to different relative humidies by c) Oniscus asellus, (F 4, 230 = 25.39; P < 0.001) and d) by Porcellio dilatatus (F4,171 = 16.85; P < 0.001). Means sharing the same letter are not significantly different from each other at P < 0.05.
Figure 3 from: Hassall M, Moss A, Dixie B, Gilroy JJ (2018) Interspecific variation in responses to microclimate by terrestrial isopods: implications in relation to climate change. In: Hornung E, Taiti S, Szlavecz K (Eds) Isopods in a Changing World. ZooKeys 801: 5-24. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.24934
Figure 3 Aggregation of isopod species differing in desiccation resistance at different temperatures. Mean ± 1 SE aggregation indices (variance:mean ratio) at 90% relative humidity. aP.scaber (F 4,249 = 3.76, p < 0.01) bA.vulgare (F 4,249 = 1.97, P < 0.01) cO.asellus (F 4, 249 = 12.22, P < 0.001) d thermal reaction norms for aggregation expressed as quadratic response curves for: P.scaber (dashed line): y = -11.519 + 1.526× - 0.04×2; A.vulgare (solid line): y = -3.534 + 0.574× 0.016×2; O.asellus (dotted line): y = -5.890 + 0.814× – 0.018×2.
Figure 4 from: Hassall M, Moss A, Dixie B, Gilroy JJ (2018) Interspecific variation in responses to microclimate by terrestrial isopods: implications in relation to climate change. In: Hornung E, Taiti S, Szlavecz K (Eds) Isopods in a Changing World. ZooKeys 801: 5-24. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.24934
Figure 4 Moisture reaction norms for a) sheltering and b) feeding behaviours with changing sand moisture content (time spent in behaviour as percentages of total observed behaviours). Lines represent linear regression models: A.vulgare (solid line) (sheltering: y = 95.24 – 1.05×; feeding: y = 0.32 + 0.03), P.scaber (dashed line) (sheltering: y = 96.72 – 0.19×; feeding: y= 0.22 + 0.05×), Ph.muscorum (dotted line) (sheltering: y = 93.14 – 2.16×; feeding: y = 0.36 + 0.55x). Further regression statistics and number of observations (N), are given in Table 1.
Figure 2 from: Hassall M, Moss A, Dixie B, Gilroy JJ (2018) Interspecific variation in responses to microclimate by terrestrial isopods: implications in relation to climate change. In: Hornung E, Taiti S, Szlavecz K (Eds) Isopods in a Changing World. ZooKeys 801: 5-24. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.24934
Figure 2 A schematic representation of a typical thermal response curve for enzymes (simplified from Huey and Kingsolver 1989). The temperature optimum is the temperature at which performance reaches its maximal level or peak performance. The performance breadth defines how steeply peaked (stenothermal) or broadly plateaued (eurythermal) the response curve is. Any part or the whole of such a curve can be considered to be a reaction norm of a genotype representing a range of phenotypes expressed across an environmental gradient, in this example, of temperature.
Figure 1 from: Hassall M, Moss A, Dixie B, Gilroy JJ (2018) Interspecific variation in responses to microclimate by terrestrial isopods: implications in relation to climate change. In: Hornung E, Taiti S, Szlavecz K (Eds) Isopods in a Changing World. ZooKeys 801: 5-24. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.24934
Figure 1 A conceptual diagram illustrating some of the pathways by which changes in global climate could potentially impact on rates of carbon dioxide emissions from soils. Both changes in temperature and in the levels and patterns of rainfall have strong direct effects on the metabolism of bacteria and fungi but their ecology and metabolism are also regulated by the extent to which they are stimulated by soil animals. Both functional (e.g., behavioural and physiological) responses and numerical (both life history and population) responses of soil animals are affected by their microclimate. This is in turn affected by larger scale changes in temperature and rainfall. Therefore, as well as their direct effect on microbial metabolism, these climatic variables have a strong indirect effect by influencing the behavioural, physiological, life history, and population processes of soil animals such as isopods.
Figure 6 from: Hassall M, Moss A, Dixie B, Gilroy JJ (2018) Interspecific variation in responses to microclimate by terrestrial isopods: implications in relation to climate change. In: Hornung E, Taiti S, Szlavecz K (Eds) Isopods in a Changing World. ZooKeys 801: 5-24. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.24934
Figure 6 Thermal reaction norm gradients for evaporation rate (water loss) for isopods from biomes differing in availability of moisture. Evaporation rate (g g-1 h-1× 10-2) standardised to a temperature range of 3.5 °C (from Edney 1951; Warburg 1965, 1987, 1989). Key to species: Lo Ligiaoceanica, Ph Philosciamuscorum, Oa Oniscusasellus, Ps Porcellioscaber, Av Armadillidiumvulgare, Ao Armadilloofficinalis, Aa Armadilloalbomarginatus, Po Porcellioolivieri, An Armadilliumnasatum, Ba Buddelundiaalbinogrisescens, Bf Buddelundiafrontosa, Va Veneziilloarizonicus, Bsp Buddelundia spp. probably lateralis, Hr Hemilepistusreaumurii, Sf Schizidiumfestai. Key to habitats: littoral (blue), mesic (green), xeric (yellow), semi-arid (orange) habitats in South Australia.
Figure 5 from: Hassall M, Moss A, Dixie B, Gilroy JJ (2018) Interspecific variation in responses to microclimate by terrestrial isopods: implications in relation to climate change. In: Hornung E, Taiti S, Szlavecz K (Eds) Isopods in a Changing World. ZooKeys 801: 5-24. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.24934
Figure 5 Gradients of moisture reaction norms for respiration of isopods differing in their resistance to desiccation. Reaction norms over the range 50–100% relative humidity for respiratory rates measured as rates of oxygen uptake (mm3 mm-2 body surface h-1) (Edney 1968). Key to species: Lo Ligiaoceanica, Oa Oniscusasellus, Ps Porcellioscaber, Av Armadillidiumvulgare. Key to habitats: littoral (blue), mesic (green).
Figure 7 from: Sfenthourakis S, Hornung E (2018) Isopod distribution and climate change. In: Hornung E, Taiti S, Szlavecz K (Eds) Isopods in a Changing World. ZooKeys 801: 25-61. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.23533
Figure 7 Biotic and abiotic factors ('proximate causes') and cost-benefit relations ('ultimate causes') of aggregation in terrestrial isopods as a behavioral adaptation to avoid desiccation (original idea from Broly et al. 2013b).
Figure 4 from: Sfenthourakis S, Hornung E (2018) Isopod distribution and climate change. In: Hornung E, Taiti S, Szlavecz K (Eds) Isopods in a Changing World. ZooKeys 801: 25-61. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.23533
Figure 4 Reduction of Armadillidiidae species richness along a latitudinal gradient in Europe (the trend line of a GLM model is shown).
Figure 1 from: Sfenthourakis S, Hornung E (2018) Isopod distribution and climate change. In: Hornung E, Taiti S, Szlavecz K (Eds) Isopods in a Changing World. ZooKeys 801: 25-61. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.23533
Figure 1 The latitudinal range of terrestrial isopod distributions is not related with latitude. The inserted map shows the diversity hotspots of endemic isopods (species with mean distributional range smaller than 1 degree of longitude and latitude) (adapted from data in Sfenthourakis et al. 2007).
Figure 6 from: Sfenthourakis S, Hornung E (2018) Isopod distribution and climate change. In: Hornung E, Taiti S, Szlavecz K (Eds) Isopods in a Changing World. ZooKeys 801: 25-61. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.23533
Figure 6 Reduction of the relative contribution of 'rollers' (isopods able to conglobate) among the various isopod ecomorphs with increasing latitude (based on Schmalfuss 1984).
Figure 5 from: Sfenthourakis S, Hornung E (2018) Isopod distribution and climate change. In: Hornung E, Taiti S, Szlavecz K (Eds) Isopods in a Changing World. ZooKeys 801: 25-61. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.23533
Figure 5 The relative contribution of different species' categories in the isopod faunas of selected European countries.
Figure 3 from: Sfenthourakis S, Hornung E (2018) Isopod distribution and climate change. In: Hornung E, Taiti S, Szlavecz K (Eds) Isopods in a Changing World. ZooKeys 801: 25-61. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.23533
Figure 3 The latitudinal gradient of decreasing isopod species density (richness per unit area) with latitude among European countries (mean latitude per country). The trend remains highly significant even after the deletion of Crete and/or Sicily that exhibit very high densities. Mean country latitudes were approximated using Google Earth.
Figure 9 from: Sfenthourakis S, Hornung E (2018) Isopod distribution and climate change. In: Hornung E, Taiti S, Szlavecz K (Eds) Isopods in a Changing World. ZooKeys 801: 25-61. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.23533
Figure 9 Distribution of Oniscidea in the European part of the former USSR prove the existence of climatic barrier: no woodlice were found above the line of 120 days/year with a temperature above 10 °C. Black dots – positive samples; grey dots – sample localities without isopods (modified after Kuznetsova and Gongalsky 2012).
Figure 2 from: Sfenthourakis S, Hornung E (2018) Isopod distribution and climate change. In: Hornung E, Taiti S, Szlavecz K (Eds) Isopods in a Changing World. ZooKeys 801: 25-61. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.23533
Figure 2 Approximated species richness for selected European countries (Corsica, Sardinia and Sicily are treated separately; Greece and Italy refer to continental parts only). Data from Fauna Europaea (de Jong et al. 2014) plus some additional country lists, corrected following Schmalfuss (2004). Exact numbers are subject to revision, but with little effect to general trend.
Figure 8 from: Sfenthourakis S, Hornung E (2018) Isopod distribution and climate change. In: Hornung E, Taiti S, Szlavecz K (Eds) Isopods in a Changing World. ZooKeys 801: 25-61. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.23533
Figure 8 The expansion of Armadillidiumvulgare in North-America (modified after Garthwaite et al. 1995).
Supplementary material 1 from: Petriccione B, Bricca A (2019) Thirty years of ecological research at the Gran Sasso d'Italia LTER site: climate change in action. In: Mazzocchi MG, Capotondi L, Freppaz M, Lugliè A, Campanaro A (Eds) Italian Long-Term Ecological Research for understanding ecosystem diversity and functioning. Case studies from aquatic, terrestrial and transitional domains. Nature Conservation 34: 9-39. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.34.30218
: Data type: measurements
Climate change and coastal area
<p>Graph for paper</p>
Supplemental Material for the paper "Tropical Cyclones and Climate Change: Global Landfall Frequency Projections Derived from Knutson et al 2020"
<p>As described in the paper.</p> <p> </p>
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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