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10,016 results for “Observation”
Fig. 23 in Taxonomic observations regarding four genera ofAfrotropical robber flies, Choerades Walker, 1851, Laphria Meigen, 1803, Nannolaphria Londt, 1977 and Notiolaphria Londt, 1977, and the description of Ericomyia gen. n. (Diptera, Asilidae, Laphriinae)
Fig. 23. Notiolaphria miltothorax sp. n. ♀, (Madagascar, Zombitse National Park).
Fig. 22 in Taxonomic observations regarding four genera ofAfrotropical robber flies, Choerades Walker, 1851, Laphria Meigen, 1803, Nannolaphria Londt, 1977 and Notiolaphria Londt, 1977, and the description of Ericomyia gen. n. (Diptera, Asilidae, Laphriinae)
Fig. 22. Notiolaphria microtheres sp. n. ♂, (Madagascar, Mikea Forest).
Spectra and retrieval data from CO and HCN observations of Jupiter with ALMA (project 2016.1.01235.S)
<p>Spectra and retrieval data from:</p> <p>Title: Evidence for auroral influence on Jupiter's nitrogen and oxygen chemistry revealed by ALMA<br> Authors: T. Cavalié, L. Rezac, R. Moreno, E. Lellouch, T. Fouchet, B. Benmahi, T. K. Greathouse,<br> J. A. Sinclair, V. Hue, P. Hartogh, M. Dobrijevic, N. Carrasco, Z. Perrin<br> Journal: Nature Astronomy<br> Year: 2023</p> <p>########################<br> # Description of files #<br> ########################</p> <p>CO_data/<br> latitudes_CO.dat: planetocentric latitudes of the 540 pointings from which the CO spectra have been extracted<br> spectrum_*.dat : CO spectra, one per pointing. Frequency in GHz and continuum-subtracted flux density in Jy/beam<br> profiles_*.dat : vertical profiles, one per pointing. Pressure in mbar, temperature in K (local average, see paper for details), and retrieved CO volume mixing ratio</p> <p>HCN_data/<br> latitudes_HCN.dat: planetocentric latitudes of the 557 pointings from which the HCN spectra have been extracted<br> spectrum_*.dat : HCN spectra, one per pointing. Frequency in GHz and continuum-subtracted flux density in Jy/beam<br> profiles_*.dat : vertical profiles, one per pointing. Pressure in mbar, temperature in K (local average, see paper for details), and retrieved HCN volume mixing ratio</p> <p> </p>
Observations of shortwave downward radiation from the operational observation network of Météo-France
<p>This dataset contains the hourly surface shortwave downward radiation (SWD) from the pyranometers of the network operated by Météo-France for the year 2020. This dataset was used to evaluate AROME SWD forecasts in the manuscript "Evaluation of surface surface shortwave downward radiation forecasts by the numerical weather prediction model AROME" by Marie-Adèle Magnaldo et al., submitted to Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics.</p>
Roles of regional transport and vertical mixing in aerosol pollution in Shanghai over the COVID-19 lockdown period observed above urban canopy
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Regional transport and vertical mixing are important for aerosol pollution of megacities, but their roles are often challenging to assess via ground observations. In this study, we measured aerosol chemical composition simultaneously above urban canopy (Shanghai Tower, 609 m), a site representative of aerosols from regional scale, and a nearby ground site and investigated the roles of regional transport and vertical mixing over 2020 COVID-19 lockdown period (Jan.1-Apr. 18), when local emissions were first drastically reduced and then recovered. During the lockdown period, regional transport was the major source of most aerosol species (organics, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>, and NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>) at both heights according to the high correlation coefficients (R=0.81~0.87) between both heights. Correlation coefficients and vertical ratios (609 m/ground) of most aerosol components showed similar diurnal variations with the evolution of planetary boundary layer height, indicating the role of vertical mixing in aerosol pollution. Moreover, the concentrations of aerosol components at 609 m generally preceded those at ground level by 1~2 h, indicating that aerosols were first transported at upper boundary layer, and then were mixed downwards to ground level. At 609 m, highly oxidized oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA; a surrogate of secondary organic aerosol (SOA)) dominated in organic aerosol (≥75%). The high correlations (R=0.96) between OOA and hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol (HOA; a surrogate of primary organic aerosol (POA)) at 609 m indicated that they originated similarly from regional transport. This study highlights the importance of regional joint prevention and control of pollutant emissions and observation above urban canopy.</p> <p> </p> <p>The data files are provided for readers to evaluate this research.</p>
Supporting data for Assessing clouds using satellite observations through three generations of global atmosphere models
<p>Monthly data from CAM4, CAM5, and CAM6 that are needed to reproduce the analysis and figures in the manuscript entitled: Assessing clouds using satellite observations through three generations of global atmosphere models by Brian Medeiros, Jonah Shaw, Jennifer Kay, and Isaac Davis.</p>
Data on the association between garlic mustard and the plant community from a long-term observational dataset in Illinois, U.S.A.
<p>The impact of a biological invasion on native communities is expected to be uneven across invaded landscapes due to differences in local abiotic conditions, invader abundance, and traits and composition of the native community. One way to improve predictive ability about the impact of an invasive species given variable conditions is to exploit known mechanisms driving invasive species' success. Invasive plants frequently exhibit allelopathic traits, which can be directly toxic to plants or indirectly impact them via disruption of root symbionts, including mycorrhizal fungi. The indirect mechanism – mutualism disruption – is predicted to impact plants that rely on mycorrhizas but not affect non-mycorrhizal plant species. To assess whether invader-driven mutualism disruption explains observed changes in native plant communities, we analyzed long-term (1998–2018) plant cover data from forest plots across the state of Illinois. We evaluated native plant communities experiencing a range of abundance of invasive allelopathic garlic mustard (<em>Alliaria</em> <em>petiolata</em>) and varying environmental conditions. Consistent with the mutualism disruption hypothesis, we showed that as garlic mustard abundance increased over time in 0.25 m<sup>2</sup> sampling quadrats, the abundance of mycorrhizal plant species decreased, but non-mycorrhizal plant species did not. Over space and time, garlic mustard abundance predicted plant abundances and diversity at the quadrat level, but this relationship was not present at a larger scale when quadrats were aggregated within sites. Garlic mustard's impact on the plant community was highly localized, yet it was as important as abiotic variables for predicting local plant diversity. We showed that garlic mustard abundance was a key predictor of patterns of plant diversity across invasion intensity and environmental heterogeneity in a way that is consistent with mutualism disruption. Our work indicates that the mutualism disruption hypothesis can provide generalizable predictions of the impacts of allelopathic invasive plants that are evident at a broad spatial scale.</p>
Attitude Corrected Broadband Radiation and LibRadtran Simulation data based on helicopter-borne observations during MOSAiC
<p>This data set includes broadband radiation measurements after attitude correction of 14 research flights during MOSAiC.<br> In total 12 helicopter and 2 HELiPOD flights. Supportive data includes relative azimuth to sun position to identify shading effects on the CMP22 pyranometer installed.<br> Furthermore, libRadtran simulations are provided to validate cloudfree flights or flightsections.<br> In connection with surface type classifications (e.g. Sperzel, Tim R; Jäkel, Evelyn; Lampert, Astrid; Birnbaum, Gerit; Pätzold, Falk; Neckel, Niklas; Rosenburg, Sophie; Fuchs, Niels; Wendisch, Manfred (2023): Surface type classifications from helicopter-borne imagery during the MOSAiC expedition. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.958997) multiple linear regression can be applied as described by Sperzel, T. R. Codes for: Surface Albedo Measurements and Surface Type Classification from Helicopter-based Observa371<br> tions during MOSAiC, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7974021 (2023), which results in albedo values per fraction (e.g. Sperzel, Tim R; Jäkel, Evelyn; Lampert, Astrid; Birnbaum, Gerit; Pätzold, Falk; Neckel, Niklas; Rosenburg, Sophie; Fuchs, Niels; Wendisch, Manfred (2023): Helicopter-borne solar broadband irradiance measurements from the MOSAiC expedition. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.958999).<br> Radiation data file names start with "BBR_<date>", simulation file names with "BBR_fdn_clear".</p>
Fig. 1 in Ex-situ conservation of the critically endangered swamp forest crab Parathelphusa reticulata Ng, 1990 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae): observations on its reproduction and biology in captivity
Fig. 1. Captive breeding facility in the Singapore Botanic Gardens. Photograph: Daniel J. J. Ng.
Synthetically generated clouds on ground-based solar observations
<p>A dataset consisting of Ca II & H-alpha images taken at the Paris Meudon Observatory. Synthetically generated cloud coverage has been applied to clean images, thereby creating an (cloudy, clean) pair--facilitating the training of cloud-removal algorithms.</p> <p><strong>Data description</strong></p> <p>The Ca-II and H-α synthetic dataset comprise respectively 319 and 367 pairs of shadow/shadow-free images, split into 223/96 and 256/111 training/testing pairs.</p> <p>Listed here are two zip archives:</p> <ol> <li>filament-bounding-boxes.zip -- bounding boxes of filaments that were used to compute the patched metrics.</li> <li>synthetic-clouds.zip -- the cloudy input/clean output images that are used to train machine learning algorithms.</li> </ol> <p>A PyTorch dataset has been created that handles the download, importing, and usage of this dataset. You can find this code at the github repository: <a href="https://github.com/jaypmorgan/cloud-removal">https://github.com/jaypmorgan/cloud-removal</a></p> <p><strong>Pre-processing routines</strong></p> <p>To generate this set of data, we have applied a series of pre-processing routines. These are:</p> <ol> <li>Correct determination of the solar limb (source code can be found at: <a href="https://gitlab.lis-lab.fr/presage/solar-limb-detection">https://gitlab.lis-lab.fr/presage/solar-limb-detection</a>).</li> <li>Scaling the solar disk to 420 pixels, and centring it at 511.5 pixels in the x and y dimensions.</li> <li>Setting background values outside the solar disk to 0.</li> <li>Normalising the disk intensity values into the range of 0-1.</li> </ol>
Dataset and supporting materials of "Numerical simulation of orographic gravity waves observed over Syowa Station. Part 1: Wave propagation and breaking in the troposphere and lower stratosphere" by Kohma et al.
<p>Dataset and supporting materials of "Numerical simulation of orographic gravity waves observed over Syowa Station. Part 1: Wave propagation and breaking in the troposphere and lower stratosphere" by Kohma, M., K. Sato, D. C. Fritts, & T. S. Lund.</p>
Observed ocean surface albedo from a fixed offshore platform
<p>The ocean surface albedo (OSA) is an important parameter in numerical ocean models and air‒sea heat flux calculations. Radiation observations were conducted to study the OSA in the northern South China Sea using a fixed offshore tower-based platform. The platform was located at 21.44° N, 111.39° E, with an average water depth of approximately 16 m. It consisted of a main tower and two auxiliary towers. The auxiliary towers were approximately 6 m from the main tower and their lower edges were approximately 6 m from the mean sea surface.</p> <p>A four-component net radiometer (CNR4) was installed on the lower edge of the southeast auxiliary tower through a 2-m long boom to simultaneously measure the upward and downward broadband solar radiation having spectral bands between 305 and 2800 nm. A bottom-mounted Nortek acoustic Doppler current profiler was used to measure surface waves. Other ancillary meteorological instruments were used to measure meteorological parameters, including wind speed and water vapor pressure.</p> <p>The observation period lasted from September 2017 to December 2018. The measured broadband radiation was collected in 30-min segments. To obtain an accurate and reliable radiation dataset, three specific types of data were removed from the dataset: (1) local afternoon data; (2) data with solar altitude angles < 10°; (3) data with downward solar radiation of < 30 W m<sup>−2</sup>. After this quality control, 2433 segments of data can be used to study the OSA.</p>
Observation data from the Phoenix Mountain in Zhuhai
<p>Zhuhai’s Phoenix Mountain, where the forest vegetation coverage rate has reached 90%, is located just south of the tropic of cancer. The vegetation type is evergreen broadleaf forest, which represents the typical secondary forest type around cities and villages in Linnan in the south subtropical zone. A tower station for monitoring the interaction and CO2 flux between land and atmosphere has been built in the forest land at the foot of Phoenix Mountain. It is located at 22°21 '15.5 "N, 113°31' 34.2" E, and 38.5 m above sea level. In August 2014, the land-atmosphere interaction observation tower station was built completely, and after two months of trial operation and commissioning, official observations began in November at the same year, then stopped in May 2018. It has three sets of observation systems: meteorological, radiation and flux. All observations from the station are provided here.</p>
Early meteorological observations in Almada (Portugal) for the period 1788-1813
<p>Daily and monthly meteorological observations recorded in Almada (Portugal) during the period 1788-1813.</p>
On the importance of additional behavioral observation in behavioral psychopharmacology research: a case study on agomelatine's effects on feedback sensitivity in probabilistic reversal learning test in rats (data&code)
<p>Dataset to the manuscript entitled: On the importance of additional behavioral observation in behavioral psychopharmacology research: a case study on agomelatine's effects on feedback sensitivity in probabilistic reversal learning test in rats. Code in R used for analysis data from probabilistic reversal learning (PRL) test performed in operant conditioning boxes. Script analyzes data files from MED-PC IV software.</p>
Observed datasets (Meteroforcing dataset)
<p>This dataset include observed Meteroforcing data of Yuqiao Reservoir from China Meteorological Data Service Centre (http://data.cma.cn).</p>
Data of "Inferring the Basal Friction Law from long term observations of Glacier Length, Thickness and Velocity changes on an Alpine Glacier"
<p>This dataset contains the surface velocity and elevation of Argentière Glacier in 2003 and 2018 used in:</p> <p>Gilbert, A., Gimbert, F., Gagliardini, O., & Vincent, C. (2023). Inferring the Basal Friction Law From Long Term Changes of Glacier Length, Thickness and Velocity on an Alpine Glacier. <em>Geophysical Research Letters</em>, <em>50</em>(16), e2023GL104503. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL104503">https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL104503</a></p> <p>Surface DEM files contain elevation Z on a 20X20 meter grid (geotif files, coordinnate are in Lambert 2E ( EPSG:27572 ) )</p> <p>Horizontal Velocity files contain measured horizontal velocities Vh in m/yr on a 20X20 meter grid (geotif files, coordinnate are in Lambert 2E ( EPSG:27572 ) )</p>
Dataset of H-alpha activity indices of F-, G-, and K-type stars observed by the LAMOST Medium-Resolution Spectroscopic Survey
<p>This dataset of H-alpha activity indices is for investigation of stellar H-alpha chromospheric activity based on the LAMOST Medium-Resolution Spectroscopic Survey (MRS). High signal-to-noise ratio MRS coadded spectra of F-, G-, and K-type stars (4000-7000 K) from LAMOST Data Release 8 are utilized in the dataset (329,294 spectra in total). The H-alpha activity index (I_halpha) and the H-alpha R-index (R_halpha) are evaluated for the MRS spectra. The values of the H-alpha indices and their uncertainties, as well as the related spectroscopic parameters from the LAMOST catalogs, are stored in a CSV-format file (file name: Halpha_activity_indices_LAMOST_MRS_DR8.csv).</p> <p> </p> <p>Columns included in the dataset:</p> <p>obsid - unique observation identifier of LAMOST MRS</p> <p>ra - right ascension of the observed object (unit: degree)</p> <p>dec - declination of the observed object (unit: degree)</p> <p>obsdate - UTC date of the observation (format: YYYY-MM-DD)</p> <p>fitsname - MRS FITS data file name</p> <p>sn_B - signal-to-noise ratio of the blue band of MRS</p> <p>sn_R - signal-to-noise ratio of the red band of MRS</p> <p>band_para - indicating which band of MRS is used by the LASP to determine the stellar atmospheric parameters; ‘B’ representing the blue band and ‘R’ representing the red band</p> <p>teff - effective temperature determined by the LASP (unit: K)</p> <p>teff_err - uncertainty of teff (unit: K)</p> <p>logg - surface gravity determined by the LASP (unit: dex)</p> <p>logg_err - uncertainty of logg (unit: dex)</p> <p>feh - metallicity determined by the LASP (unit: dex)</p> <p>feh_err - uncertainty of feh (unit: dex)</p> <p>rv_r0 - radial velocity determined based on the red band data of MRS (unit: km/s)</p> <p>rv_r0_err - uncertainty of rv_r0 (unit: km/s)</p> <p>category* - ‘main-sequence’ or ‘giant’ or ‘intermediate-zone’</p> <p>I_halpha* - H-alpha activity index</p> <p>I_halpha_err* - uncertainty of I_halpha</p> <p>chi* - χ factor for calculating R_halpha from I_halpha (unit: 1/Å)</p> <p>chi_err* - uncertainty of chi (unit: 1/Å)</p> <p>R_halpha* - H-alpha R-index</p> <p>R_halpha_err* - uncertainty of R_halpha</p> <p>(Note: The columns marked with an asterisk are provided by this dataset. Other columns are from the catalogs of LAMOST DR8 v1.1. LASP is an acronym for the LAMOST Stellar Parameter Pipeline. A value of -9999.0 in the dataset indicates that it is not available.)</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Energetic Particle Injection during Short Isolated Bubble as seen in RCM Simulation and Spacecraft Observations in the Flow Braking Region
<p>The names of the RCM simulation output files specify the simulation time in a format of "hhmmss". The stored quantities are, "I","J","COLAT","ALOCT","MLT","BNDLOC","XMIN","YMIN","FTV","BMIN","V", "BIRK_fromV(NH)","P(RCM),nPa", "PV_gamma","Vtotx", "Vtoty","Vx_exb","Vy_exb","vel_x","vel_y","Ey","PEDLAM", "PEDPSI", "HALL", "RCM_T_p","RCM_T_e","RCM_N_e","EFLUX","EAVG","f_i_50-75","f_i_75-125","f_i_125-200","f_i_200-300","f_e_50-75","f_e_75-125","f_e_125-200","f_e_200-300","Vm","dbxdz","dbydz","dbrdz","dbzdx","dbzdy".<br> For the first hour of substorm-growth-phase-like quasi-steady convection, we uploaded the RCM simulation output files at 1-minute intervals. Then, the RCM output files were uploaded at 20-second intervals for the next 7 minutes of bubble injection, and at 1-minute intervals for the rest of the simulation.</p>
Data from: Observational approaches to chimpanzee behavior in an African sanctuary: implications for research, welfare, and capacity-building
<p>Research in African ape sanctuaries has emerged as an important context for our understanding of comparative cognition and behavior. While much of this work has focused on experimental studies of cognition, these animals semi-free-range in forest habitats and therefore can also provide important information about the behavior of primates in socioecologically-relevant naturalistic contexts. In this 'New Approaches' article, we describe a project where we implemented a synthetic program of observational data collection at Ngamba Island Chimpanzee Sanctuary in Uganda, directly modeled after long-term data collection protocols at the Kibale Chimpanzee Project in Uganda, a wild chimpanzee field site. The foundation for this project was a strong partnership between sanctuary staff, field site staff, and external researchers. We describe how we developed a data-collection protocol through discussion and collaboration among these groups, and trained sanctuary caregivers to collect novel observational data using these protocols. We use these data as a case study to examine: (1) how behavioral observations in sanctuaries can inform primate welfare and care practices, such as by understanding aggression within the group; (2) how matched observational protocols across sites can inform our understanding of primate behavior across different contexts, including sex differences in social relationships; and (3) how more robust collaborations between foreign researchers and local partners can support capacity-building in primate range countries, along with mentoring and training students more broadly.</p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.