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Figure 3 from: Logoyda L (2021) Novel HPLC-UV method for simultaneous determination of valsartan and atenolol in fixed dosage form; Study of green profile assessment. Pharmacia 68(1): 43-51. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.68.e53631

Figure 3 Elution profiles obtained for test samples prepared of Valsartan + Atenolol tablets (80 + 100) mg using mobile phases: a) 20% acetonitrile and 80% of 0.16% ammonium acetate (V/V); b) 20% acetonitrile, 80% of 0.16% ammonium acetate and 0.2 % of 1.5 M tetramethylammonium hydroxide (V/V). Chromatographic conditions: Shimadzu Nexera XR UPLC system, C18 chromatographic column Discovery C18 (4.6 mm i.d. × 150 mm, 5 μm), flow rate 1.0 mL/min, column temperature 30 °C.

Figure 5 from: Logoyda L (2021) Novel HPLC-UV method for simultaneous determination of valsartan and atenolol in fixed dosage form; Study of green profile assessment. Pharmacia 68(1): 43-51. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.68.e53631

Figure 5 Chromatogram obtained using final established, optimized and validated chromatographic method at wavelength 225 nm.

Figure 7 from: Piponski M, Balkanov T, Logoyda L (2021) Development and validation of a fast and simple HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of bisoprolol and enalapril in dosage form. Pharmacia 68(1): 69-77. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.68.e50919

Figure 7 Linearity illustrating chromatograms obtained using final established, optimized and validated chromatographic method, with 55% methanol. First peak is bisoprolol and second enalapril Dionex Ultimate 3000 UHPLC system.

Figure 6 from: Piponski M, Balkanov T, Logoyda L (2021) Development and validation of a fast and simple HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of bisoprolol and enalapril in dosage form. Pharmacia 68(1): 69-77. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.68.e50919

Figure 6 Chromatograms chracteristics obtained using final established optimized validated chromatographic method (upper run), compared with more reteaining with 10% less methanol (lower run), with their system suitabilitiy parameters,worked on Dionex Ultimate 3000 UHPLC system.

Figure 5 from: Piponski M, Balkanov T, Logoyda L (2021) Development and validation of a fast and simple HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of bisoprolol and enalapril in dosage form. Pharmacia 68(1): 69-77. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.68.e50919

Figure 5 Chromatogram obtained using Shimadzu Nexera XR UPLC system and mobile phase 50% metanol and 40% of 0.07% (V/V) perchloric acid, column Zorbax Rx C8 (4.6 mm i.d. × 250 mm, 5 μm), with 3-D UV contour diagram extracted ,analytes UV spectra and peak purity. First peak at about 6.1min is bisoprolol and peak at about 7.1min is enalapril.

Figure 3 from: Piponski M, Balkanov T, Logoyda L (2021) Development and validation of a fast and simple HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of bisoprolol and enalapril in dosage form. Pharmacia 68(1): 69-77. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.68.e50919

Figure 3 Elution profiles obtained for test samples prepared of bisoprolol+ enalapril tablets (10 + 10) mg using three different mobile phases: a) 55% metanol and 45% of 0.07% (V/V) perchloric acid; b) 40% metanol and 10% acetonitrile and 50% of 0.07% (V/V) perchloric acid; and c) 50% metanol and 50% of 0.07% (V/V) perchloric acid. First peak is bisoprolol and second enalapril. Chromatographic conditions: Shimadzu Nexera XR UPLC system, C-8 column Zorbax Rx (4.6 mm i.d. X 250 mm, 5 μm), flow rate 1.0 mL/min, column temperature 42 °C, injection volume 10 μL.

Figure 4 from: Piponski M, Balkanov T, Logoyda L (2021) Development and validation of a fast and simple HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of bisoprolol and enalapril in dosage form. Pharmacia 68(1): 69-77. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.68.e50919

Figure 4 Chromatogram obtained using Shimadzu Nexera XR UPLC system and mobile phase 55% metanol and 45% of 0.07% (V/V) perchloric acid, column Zorbax Rx C8 (4.6 mm i.d. × 250 mm, 5 μm), with 3-D UV contour diagram extracted, analytes UV spectra and peak purity. First peak at about 4.7min is bisoprolol and peak at about 5.2min is enalapril.

opencc-zeroJan 2021View details →

Interspecific and intraspecific comparisons reveal the importance of evolutionary context in sunfish brain form divergence

Habitats can select for specialized phenotypic characteristics in animals. However, the consistency of evolutionary responses to particular environmental conditions remains difficult to predict. One trait of great ecological importance is brain form, which is expected to vary between habitats that differ in their cognitive requirements. Here we compared divergence in brain form and oral jaw size across a common littoral-pelagic ecological axis in two sunfishes at both the intraspecific and interspecific levels. Brain form differed between habitats at every level of comparison, however divergence was inconsistent, despite consistent differences in oral jaw size. Pumpkinseed and bluegill species differed in cerebellum, optic tectum, and olfactory bulb size. These differences are consistent with a historical ecological divergence because they did not manifest between littoral and pelagic ecotypes within either species, suggesting constraints on changes to these regions over short evolutionary time scales. There were also differences in brain form between conspecific ecotypes, but they were inconsistent between species. Littoral pumpkinseed had larger brains than their pelagic counterpart, and littoral bluegill had smaller telencephalons than their pelagic counterpart. Inconsistent brain form divergence between conspecific ecotypes of pumpkinseed and bluegill sharing a common littoral-pelagic habitat axis suggests that contemporary ecological conditions and historic evolutionary context interact to influence evolutionary changes in brain form in fishes.

Raw diffraction images of hollow-forming cypovirus polyhedra mutant crystals (H3L2 deletion)

Crystal structure of cypovirus polyhedra mutant (H3L2 deletion) to form hollow inside (PDB code: <a href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/6LEE">6LEE</a>). Small-wedge (5° or 10°/each) datasets were collected from loop-harvested microcrystals using <a href="https://github.com/keitaroyam/yamtbx/blob/master/doc/eiger-en.md">EIGER</a> X 9M detector at a wavelength of 1 Å using a microbeam on BL32XU, SPring-8.  All diffraction images were processed using XDS through <a href="https://github.com/keitaroyam/yamtbx/blob/master/doc/kamo-en.md">KAMO</a> pipeline, and merged using XSCALE with kamo.multi_merge. The crystals belong to space group I23 with a=103.8 Å. Finally 45 datasets were merged at 1.95 Å resolution in the published result.

opencc-zeroDec 2018View details →

Data from: Future climate change is predicted to affect the microbiome and condition of habitat-forming kelp

Climate change is driving global declines of marine habitat-forming species through physiological effects and through changes to ecological interactions, with projected trajectories for oceanwarming and acidification likely to exacerbate such impacts in coming decades. Interactions between habitat-formers and their microbiomes are fundamental for host functioning and resilience, but how such relationships will change in future conditions is largely unknown. We investigated independent and interactive effects of warming and acidification on a large brown seaweed, the kelp Ecklonia radiata, and its associated microbiome in experimental mesocosms. Microbial communities were affected by warming and, during the first week, by acidification. During the second week, kelp developed disease-like symptoms previously observed in the field. The tissue of some kelp blistered, bleached and eventually degraded, particularly under the acidification treatments, affecting photosynthetic efficiency. Microbial communities differed between blistered and healthy kelp for all treatments, except for those under future conditions of warming and acidification, which after two weeks resembled assemblages associated with healthy hosts. This indicates that changes in the microbiome were not easily predictable as the severity of future climate scenarios increased. Future ocean conditions can change kelp microbiomes and may lead to host disease, with potentially cascading impacts on associated ecosystems.

opencc-zeroDec 2016View details →

Data from: TMS reveals flexible use of form and motion cues in biological motion perception

The perception of human movement is a key component of daily social interactions. Although extrastriate area MT+/V5 is closely associated with motion processing, its role in the processing of sparse 'biological motion' displays is still unclear. We developed two closed matched psychophysical tasks to assess simple coherent motion perception and biological motion perception, and measured changes in performance caused by application of TMS over MT+/V5. Performance of the simple motion discrimination task was significantly depressed by TMS stimulation, and highly correlated within observers in TMS conditions, but there was no significant decrement in performance of the biological motion task, despite low intra-observer correlations across TMS conditions. We conclude that extrastriate area MT+/V5 is an obligatory waypoint in the neural processing of simple coherent motion, but is not obligatory for the processing of biological motion. Results are consistent with a dual neural processing route for biological motion processing.

opencc-zeroDec 2008View details →

Data from: Phylogeny of Lichen- and Non-Lichen-Forming Omphalinoid Mushrooms and the Utility of Testing for Combinability among Multiple Data Sets

As an initial step toward developing a model system to study requirements for and consequences of transitions to mutualism, the phylogeny of a group of closely related lichenized and nonlichenized basidiomycetes (Omphalina) was reconstructed. The phylogenetic analyses are based on four data sets representing different regions of the nuclear ribosomal repeat unit (ITS1, 5.8S, ITS2, and 25S) obtained from 30 species of Omphalina and related genera. The resulting phylogenetic trees from each of these four data sets, when analyzed separately, were not identical. Testing for the combinability of these four data sets suggested that they could not be combined in their entirety. The removal of ambiguous alignments and saturated sites was sufficient, after reapplying the combinability test on the pruned data sets, to explain the topological discrepancies. In this process, the first of two complementary tests developed by Rodrigo et al. (1993, N.Z. J. Bot. 31:257--268) to assess whether two data sets are the result of the same phylogenetic history was found to be biased, rejecting the combinability of two data sets even when they are samples of the same phylogenetic history. Combining the four pruned data sets yielded phylogenies that suggest the five lichen-forming species of Omphalina form a monophyletic group. The sister group to this symbiotic clade consists mostly of dark brown Omphalina species intermixed with species from the genera Arrhenia and Phaeothellus. The genera Omphalina and Gerronema are shown to be polyphyletic. The lichen-forming species O. ericetorum and the nonmutualistic species O. velutipes, O. epichysium, and O. sphagnicola are the best candidates for experimental work designed to gain a better understanding of mechanisms involved in symbiotic interactions and the role symbiosis has played in the evolution of fungi.

opencc-zeroDec 2017View details →

Data from: Does reproductive isolation reflect the segregation of color forms in Spiranthes sinensis (Pers.) Ames complex (Orchidaceae) in the Chinese Himalayas?

Isolation between species, or taxa sharing a common lineage, depends primarily on the relative strengths of various reproductive barriers. Previous studies on reproductive isolation between orchids emphasized mechanical and ethological barriers in flowers of species showing food and/or sexual mimicry. In this study, we investigated and quantified a series of pre- and post-pollination barriers between pink and white forms of Spiranthes sinensis sl, a nectar-secreting complex. We generated ML trees based on trnS-G and matK to explore phylogenetic relationships in this species complex. Spiranthes sinensis sl segregated from some other congeners but the white form constituted a distinct clade in relation to the pink form. The white form secreted 2-Phenylethanol as its single scent compound and was pollinated almost exclusively by native, large-bodied Apis cerana and Bombus species (Apidae). Apis cerana showed a high floral constancy to this form. The scentless, pink form was pollinated primarily by smaller bees in the genera Ceratina (Apidae), and members of the family Halictidae, with infrequent visits by A. cerana and Bombus species. Fruit set and the production of large embryos following inter-form pollination treatments were significantly lower compared to intra-form pollination results for the white form. Our results suggested that pollinator isolation, based on color and scent cues, may result in greater floral constancy in white populations when both forms are sympatric as two different, guilds of pollinators forage selectively preventing or reducing prospective gene flow. Post-pollination barriers appear weaker than pre-pollination barriers but they also play a role in inter-form isolation, especially in the white form. Our findings suggest that floral color forms in S. sinensis do not represent an unbalanced polymorphism. Interpretations of the evolutionary status of these forms are discussed.

Figure 8 from: Al-Kandari M, Oliver PG, Salvi D (2021) Molecular and morphological systematics of a new, reef forming, cupped oyster from the northern Arabian Gulf: Talonostrea salpinx new species. ZooKeys 1043: 1-20. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1043.66992

Figure 8 Photographs of Talonostrea salpinx sp. nov. beds and reefs from Al-Bakri et al. 1985A–C reefs and beds in Khor Al-Subiyah D oyster field at Al-Memlahah, south-eastern end of Kuwait Bay.

Figure 7 from: Al-Kandari M, Oliver PG, Salvi D (2021) Molecular and morphological systematics of a new, reef forming, cupped oyster from the northern Arabian Gulf: Talonostrea salpinx new species. ZooKeys 1043: 1-20. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1043.66992

Figure 7 Anatomy of Talonostrea salpinx sp. nov. A gross view after removal of upper (right) valve B gross view including route of alimentary canal after removal of ctenidia, gonad and digestive diverticula C mantle edge D rectum and anus E excised labial palp F portion of ctenidium showing fine structures. Abbreviation: am, adductor muscle; an, anus; cp, ciliated pad; ct, ctenidium; ct/m, ctenidium mantle edge junction; hg, hind gut; hg loop, hind gut loop behind stomach; imf, inner mantle fold; ljct, longitudinal junction; lp, labial palp; me, mantle edge; mg, mid gut; mmf, middle mantle fold; mt, mantle; oe,oesophagus; og, oral groove; pc, pericardium; r, rectum; rods, ctenidial filaments; s, stomach; ss, style sac; tjct, transverse junction; vm, visceral mass.

Figure 6 from: Al-Kandari M, Oliver PG, Salvi D (2021) Molecular and morphological systematics of a new, reef forming, cupped oyster from the northern Arabian Gulf: Talonostrea salpinx new species. ZooKeys 1043: 1-20. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1043.66992

Figure 6 Talonostrea salpinx sp. nov. shells from Umm Al-Namil A, B external and internal views of a shell with marginal fluted spines, Paratypes NMW.Z.2021.009.006/ C, D Paratypes, NMW.Z.2021.009.006/2–3, shells of differing colours and lacking marginal fluted spines E clump of shells some with fluted spines associated with the tubeworm Spirobranchus kraussi (Baird, 1864) and the barnacle Amphibalanus amphitrite (Darwin, 1854). F, rock encrusted with irregular shaped shells mostly lacking fluted spines.

Figure 2 from: Al-Kandari M, Oliver PG, Salvi D (2021) Molecular and morphological systematics of a new, reef forming, cupped oyster from the northern Arabian Gulf: Talonostrea salpinx new species. ZooKeys 1043: 1-20. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1043.66992

Figure 2 Map of Kuwait indicating known distribution of Talonostrea salpinx sp. nov. Blue circle for field records, red diamond for cited material, red square for type locality. Details of localities are given in Table 1.

Figure 5 from: Al-Kandari M, Oliver PG, Salvi D (2021) Molecular and morphological systematics of a new, reef forming, cupped oyster from the northern Arabian Gulf: Talonostrea salpinx new species. ZooKeys 1043: 1-20. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1043.66992

Figure 5 Talonostrea salpinx sp. nov. Paratypes from Khor Al-Subiyah, NMW.Z.2021.009.005 A, B clump with and without upper valves C in situ photograph of a shell from a sheltered position D small upper valve with an array of trumpet-shaped projections along margin E Inner views of four shells showing variation in shape and internal colouration.

Figure 1 from: Al-Kandari M, Oliver PG, Salvi D (2021) Molecular and morphological systematics of a new, reef forming, cupped oyster from the northern Arabian Gulf: Talonostrea salpinx new species. ZooKeys 1043: 1-20. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1043.66992

Figure 1 Oyster beds and reefs in northern Kuwait A, B Khor Al-Subiyah C, D Ashairij E, F Boubyan Island (North Khor Al-Subiyah).

Figure 4 from: Al-Kandari M, Oliver PG, Salvi D (2021) Molecular and morphological systematics of a new, reef forming, cupped oyster from the northern Arabian Gulf: Talonostrea salpinx new species. ZooKeys 1043: 1-20. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1043.66992

Figure 4 Talonostrea salpinx sp. nov. from Ashairij A, B clump with and without upper valves, shell h is holotype C inner views of lower and upper valves of holotype, NMW.Z. 2021.009. 001 D inner views of upper valves of five paratypes showing variation in shape and colouration, NMW.Z.009.002 E upper valve with a trumpet shapes projection, arrowed F a small upper valve showing radial purple-black colour banding.