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9,937 results for “Endemicity”
Fig. 1. – Peperomia irrasa G. Mathieu. A in Endemic Peperomia (Piperaceae) novelties from eastern Madagascar
Fig. 1. – Peperomia irrasa G. Mathieu. A. General habit; B. Detail of node; C. Detail of leaf apex.
Fig. 4 in A revision of Homalium sect. Nisa (Salicaceae) endemic to Madagascar
Fig. 4. – Inflorescences of Homalium nudiflorum (DC.) Baill.
Fig. 1 in A revision of Homalium sect. Nisa (Salicaceae) endemic to Madagascar
Fig. 1. – Flower of Homalium confertum Baker post-anthesis. [Buerki 106] [Photo: S. Buerki]
Thermal requirements for egg development of two endemic Wiseana pest species (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae) of economic importance
<p>Raw and analyzed data for our paper title "Thermal requirements for egg development of two endemic <em>Wiseana</em> pest species (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae) of economic importance". </p>
Map 1 in Clusia falcata (Clusiaceae), an endangered species with exceptionally narrow leaves endemic to Chiapas, Mexico
Map 1. Distribution map of Clusia falcata in Chiapas, Mexico.
Molecular Phylogenetics and Trait Evolution in Stigmatodon (Bromeliaceae, Tillandsioideae), an Endemic Genus to Brazilian Rocky Outcrops
<p><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong>—The genus <em>Stigmatodon</em> occurs in steep granite slopes, typical of the inselbergs from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Here, we present the first broad phylogenetic analysis focused on <em>Stigmatodon</em>, sampling a total of 83 terminals, including 16 of the 20 species of the genus and the morphologically similar species of <em>Vriesea</em>. We conducted a phylogenetic analysis using two plastid markers (<em>matK </em>and <em>rps16-trnK</em>) and the nuclear gene <em>PHYC</em> to infer phylogenetic relationships and reconstruct ancestral states for ecological and morphological characters. Our results suggest the monophyly of <em>Stigmatodon</em> as originally circumscribed is only possible with the inclusion of morphologically and ecologically similar <em>Vriesea</em> species. In addition, the morphological and anatomical traits led us to propose a new circumscription for the genus, combining eight species of <em>Vriesea </em>to <em>Stigmatodon</em>. The stomata positioned above the ordinary epidermal cells, the adaxial water-storage parenchyma with axially elongated cells, the stamens positioned in two groups of three on each side of the corolla and the tubo-laciniate stigma are exclusive to <em>Stigmatodon</em> in its new circumscription. This new morphological and phylogenetic results constitute a relevant contribution to the taxonomy and evolution of Bromeliaceae, one of the most diverse and ecologically important families of flowering plants of the Neotropics.</p>
Haplocauda, a new genus of fireflies endemic to the Amazon Rainforest (Coleoptera: Lampyridae)
<p>Most firefly genera have poorly defined taxonomic boundaries, especially in the Neotropics, where they are more diverse and more difficult to identify. Recent advances that shed light on the diversity of fireflies in South America have focused mainly on Atlantic Rainforest taxa, whereas lampyrids in other biomes remained largely unstudied. We found three new firefly species endemic to the Amazon basin that share unique traits of the male abdomen where sternum VIII and the pygidium are modified and likely work as a copulation clamp. Here we test and confirm the hypothesis that these three species form a monophyletic lineage and propose Haplocauda gen. nov. to accommodate the three new species. Both Maximum Parsimony and probabilistic (Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood) phylogenetic analyses confirmed Haplocauda gen. nov. monophyly, and consistently recovered it as the sister group to Scissicauda, fireflies endemic to the Atlantic Rainforest that also feature a copulation clamp on abdominal segment VIII, although with a different configuration. We provide illustrations, diagnostic descriptions, and keys to species based on males and females. The three new species were sampled from different regions, and are likely allopatric, a common pattern among Amazonian taxa.</p>
Fig. 4 in A revision of Homalium sect. Nisa (Salicaceae) endemic to Madagascar
Fig. 4. – Inflorescences of Homalium nudiflorum (DC.) Baill. [Nusbaumer 1261] [Photo: L. Nusbaumer
Fig. 5 in Endemic Peperomia (Piperaceae) novelties from eastern Madagascar
Fig. 5. - General habit of Peperomia variilimba G. Mathieu. [Photo: J.K. Spooner
Introgressive hybridisation between domestic pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus) and endemic Corsican wild boars (S. s. meridionalis): effects of human-mediated interventions
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Owing to the intensified domestication process with artificial trait selection, introgressive hybridisation between domestic and wild species poses a management problem. Traditional free-range livestock husbandry, as practiced in Corsica and Sardinia, is known to facilitate hybridisation between wild boars and domestic pigs (<em>Sus scrofa</em>). Here, we assessed the genetic distinctness and genome-wide domestic pig ancestry levels of the Corsican wild boar subspecies <em>S. s. meridionalis,</em> with reference to its Sardinian conspecifics, employing a genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) assay and mitochondrial control region (mtCR) haplotypes. We also assessed the reliance of morphological criteria and the melanocortin-1 receptor (<em>MC1R</em>) coat colour gene to identify individuals with domestic introgression. While Corsican wild boars showed closest affinity to Sardinian and Italian wild boars compared to other European populations based on principal component analysis, the observation of previously undescribed mtCR haplotypes and high levels of nuclear divergence (Weir's </span><span> </span><span> 0.14) highlighted the genetic distinctness of Corsican <em>S. s. meridionalis</em>. </span><span>Across three complementary analyses of mixed ancestry (i.e., STRUCTURE, PCADMIX, and ELAI), proportions of domestic pig ancestry were estimated at 9.5% in Corsican wild boars, which was significantly higher than in wild boars in Sardinia, where free-range pig keeping was banned in 2012. Comparison of morphologically pure- and hybrid-looking Corsican wild boars suggested a weak correlation between morphological criteria and genome-wide domestic pig ancestry. The study highlighted the usefulness of molecular markers to assess the direct impacts of management practices on gene flow between domestic and wild species.</span></p>
FIG. 3 in Lectotypification of four Iranian endemic taxa of Echinops L. (Asteraceae, Cardueae)
FIG. 3. — Lectotype of Echinops lalesarensis Bornm., Bornmüller 4055 (B100093507).
FIG. 2 in Lectotypification of four Iranian endemic taxa of Echinops L. (Asteraceae, Cardueae)
FIG. 2. — Lectotype of Echinops kerneri Heimerl, Pichler s.n. (WU0065667).
FIG. 1 in Lectotypification of four Iranian endemic taxa of Echinops L. (Asteraceae, Cardueae)
FIG. 1. — Lectotype of Echinops ceratophorus Boiss., Kotschy 548 (G00765429).
FIG. 7 in Ontogenetic systematic characterisation of an endemic frog Rhacophorus malabaricus Jerdon, 1870 (Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Western Ghats, Kerala, India
FIG. 7. — Comparison of length-age ratio of tadpole of Rhacophorus malabaricus Jerdon, 1870.
FIG. 2. — Leafs hiding a in Ontogenetic systematic characterisation of an endemic frog Rhacophorus malabaricus Jerdon, 1870 (Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Western Ghats, Kerala, India
FIG. 2. — Leafs hiding a foam nest of Rhacophorus malabaricus Jerdon, 1870.
A new, narrowly endemic species of swamp-dwelling dusky salamander (Plethodontidae: Desmognathus) from the Gulf Coastal Plain of Mississippi and Alabama
<p>We describe a new, narrowly endemic species of swamp-dwelling dusky salamander (Plethodontidae: Desmognathus pascagoula sp. nov.) from the Gulf Coastal Plain of southeastern Mississippi and southwestern Alabama based on linear morphometrics, mitochondrial DNA, and single nucleotide polymorphisms from 881 loci produced using genotype-by-sequencing. Some populations of the new species were historically referred to as D. auriculatus, a polyphyletic assemblage of at least three species in the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain from Texas to North Carolina. Populations of D. auriculatus from the Gulf Coastal Plain in Louisiana and Mississippi were recently described as D. valentinei. The new species includes populations that were tentatively referred to D. valentinei, but we find it is morphologically, genetically, and geographically distinct. It is smaller, has a more defined dorsal color pattern, more irregular whitish "portholes" in up to three rows on the lateral surfaces of the body and tail, and a brighter orange or yellowish orange postocular stripe. At present, the new species is known from only six extant populations in the lower Pascagoula, Escatawpa, and Mobile drainages. The latter represents a distinct phylogeographic lineage. We also refer a historical collection from the northeastern side of the Mobile-Tensaw River Delta to this species, suggesting a much broader range in the past. We suspect that more populations remain to be discovered in the area, and their potential species-level distinctiveness should be tested further. This discovery increases knowledge of the biodiversity in the southeastern United States Coastal Plain, a candidate region meeting the global criteria for a "biodiversity hotspot," and underscores the amount of cryptic diversity likely remaining to be discovered and described in Nearctic salamanders.</p>
Phylogenetic study of the New Caledonian endemic genus Adenodaphne (Lauraceae) confirms its synonymy with Litsea
<p>The genus <em>Adenodaphne</em> is currently considered endemic to New Caledonia, but its distinction from Litsea is questionable based on morphological similarity. An earlier phylogenetic analysis (ITS) including one species of <em>Adenodaphne</em> and two Asian species of <em>Litsea</em> did support their close relationship but did not permit resolution of their generic boundary. We sampled the four species of <em>Adenodaphne</em> currently recognized (11 accessions) and 11 of the 13 endemic species of <em>Litsea</em> currently recognized, plus one undescribed species (24 accessions in total). Based on our extensive herbarium studies, field work, and especially our molecular phylogenetic analyses (ITS) we conclude that <em>Adenodaphne</em> is not distinct from <em>Litsea</em> and that all species of <em>Adenodaphne</em> should be recognized within <em>Litsea</em>, thereby necessitating the creation of two new species synonymies and one nomen novum. As well, <em>Litsea</em> paoueensis is here synonymized with L. deplanchei.</p> <p><span></span></p>
Description of two new species and phylogenetic placement of recent taxonomic novelties in the Chilean endemic genus Miersia (Gilliesieae, Allioideae, Amaryllidaceae)
<p>Abstract: Two new species in the Chilean endemic genus <em>Miersia</em> (Gilliesieae, Allioideae, Amaryllidaceae) are introduced: <em>M. stellata</em> and <em>M. raucoana</em>. A morphological description, distribution map, illustration, and the assessment of their conservation status are provided for each new taxon, along with an updated key to all species in <em>Miersia</em>. Additionally, analyses of DNA sequences were performed to inquire the evolutionary affinities of both new species and the recently described, <em>M. putaendensis</em>, within Gilliesieae phylogenetic framework. Data from multiple single-copy nuclear genes, as well as the inclusion of <em>Trichlora</em> and <em>Schickendantziella</em>, are necessary to corroborate the tribe’s phylogeny and reassess its generic classification.</p> <p>Dataset description: Two phylip alignment files were uploaded: 1) Miersia_nov_ITS_3.0.phy, includes sequences of nrDNA ITS (nrITS) region, and 2) Miersia_nov_cpDNA_3.0.phy, includes concatenated sequences of two chloroplast (cpDNA) markers, <em>trnL-F</em> and <em>rbcL</em>. Sequences were aligned using MAFFT v.1.4.0.</p> <p>Three *.bestTree.tre files for 1) nrITS, 2) cpDNA, and 3) concatenated dataset of all loci (nrITS, <em>trnL-F</em>, <em>rbcL</em>). All were inferred using RAxML-NG v.1.1.0 (Kozlov et al. 2019), GTR+Γ as the model of molecular evolution (--model GTR+G), and partitioned by locus. nrITS and cpDNA analyses were performed conducting 50 tree searches using 25 random and 25 parsimony-based starting trees to pick the best-scoring topology (--tree pars{25},rand{25}), and the concatenated analysis included 100 tree searches using 50 random and 50 parsimony-based starting trees (--tree pars{50},rand{50}). </p> <p>Also, the respective boostrap trees (*.bootstraps.tre) were uploaded for each analysis. Likelihood bootstrap analyses were conducted in RAxML-NG v.1.1.0 with 1,000 pseudoreplicates (--bs-trees 1000).</p> <p>We also uploaded two Nexus files which correspond to sequence data from Escobar et al. (2020, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 194: 84–99), considering that these are currently not available in TreeBase.</p>
Data accessibility for conservation implications of genetic structure in the narrowest endemic quillwort from the Eastern Amazon
<p>The quillwort <em>Isoetes cangae</em> is a critically endangered species occurring in a single lake in Serra dos Carajás, Eastern Amazon. Low genetic diversity and small effective population sizes (N<sub>e</sub>) is expected for narrow endemic species (NES). Here, we evaluated genetic diversity, population structure, and N<sub>e</sub> of <em>I. cangae </em>to provide information for conservation programs. Conservation biology studies centered in a single‐species show some limitations but they are still useful considering the limited time and resources available for the protection of species at risk of extinction. Our analyses were based on 55 individuals collected from the Amendoim lake and 35,638 neutral SNPs. Our results indicated a single panmictic population, moderate levels of genetic diversity, and effective population size (N<sub>e</sub>) in the order of thousands, contrasting the expected for NES. Negative FIS values were also found, suggesting that <em>I. cangae</em> is not under risk of inbreeding depression. Our findings imply that <em>I. cangae </em>contains enough genetic diversity to ensure evolutionary potential, all individuals should be treated as one demographic unit.</p>
Extensive population-level sampling reveals clinal variation in (R)-(-)-linalool produced by the flowers of an endemic evening primrose, Oenothera harringtonii
<div></div> <div> <div> <p>The study of floral trait diversity has a long history due to its role in angiosperm diversification. While many studies have focused on visual traits including morphology and color, few have included floral scent despite its importance in pollination. Of the studies that have included floral scent, sampling has been limited and rarely explores variation at the population level. We studied geographic variation in the flowers of <em>Oenothera harringtonii</em>, a rare plant endemic to a vulnerable shortgrass prairie habitat, whose population structure and conservation status are well studied. The self-incompatible flowers of <em>O. harringtonii</em> open at dusk, produce nectar and a strong fragrance, and are pollinated by hawkmoths. We collected floral trait (morphology, scent chemistry and emission rates) data from 650 individuals from 19 wild populations to survey floral variation across the entire range of this species. Similarly, we collected floral data from 49 individuals grown in a greenhouse common garden, to assess whether variation observed in the field is consistent when environment factors (temperature, watering regime, soil) are standardized. We identified 35 floral volatiles representing 5 biosynthetic classes. Population differentiation was stronger for floral scent chemistry than floral morphology. (<em>R</em>)-(−)-linalool was the most important floral trait differentiating populations, exhibiting clinal variation across the distribution of <em>O. harringtonii</em> without any correlated shifts in floral morphology. Populations in the north and west produced (<em>R</em>)-(−)-linalool consistently, those in the east and south largely lacked it, and populations at the center of the distribution were polymorphic. Floral scent emissions in wild populations varied across four years but chemical composition was largely consistent over time. Similarly, volatile emission rates and chemical composition in greenhouse-grown plants were consistent with those of wild populations of origin. Our data set, which represents the most extensive population-level survey of floral scent to date, indicates that such sampling may be needed to capture potentially adaptive geographic variation in wild populations.</p> </div> </div>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.