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FIGURES 31–33. Male abdominal sternites. 31. Sarconesia magellanica. 32. S. chlorogaster. 33 in First cladistic analysis of Toxotarsinae (Diptera: Calliphoridae), with insights on the evolution of the group and on the transformation series of some historically controversial characters

FIGURES 31–33. Male abdominal sternites. 31. Sarconesia magellanica. 32. S. chlorogaster. 33. Toxotarsus humeralis. Abbreviation: st—sternite.

FIGURES 27–28 in First cladistic analysis of Toxotarsinae (Diptera: Calliphoridae), with insights on the evolution of the group and on the transformation series of some historically controversial characters

FIGURES 27–28. Position of posterior region of lower calypter relative to body axis. 27. Divergent. 28. Not divergent.

FIGURES 10–18 in First cladistic analysis of Toxotarsinae (Diptera: Calliphoridae), with insights on the evolution of the group and on the transformation series of some historically controversial characters

FIGURES 10–18. Thoraces of Toxotarsinae showing position of setae on scutum and scutellum, dorsal view. 10. Sarconesia roraima. 11. S. magellanica. 12. N chilensis. 13. Sarconesia splendida. 14. S. versicolor. 15. S. dichroa. 16. S. chlorogaster. 17. Toxotarsus humeralis. 18. T. nigrocyaneus. Abbreviations: acr s—acrostichal setae, ap sctl s—apical scutellar setae, b sctl s—basal scutellar setae, dc s—dorsocentral setae, ds sctl s—discal scutellar setae, ial s—intra-alar setae, pal cal—postalar callus, pal s—postalar setae, pprn lb—postpronotal lobe, pprn s—postpronotal setae, presut sct—presutural scutum, psut sct— postsutural scutum, sctl—scutellum, spal s—supra-alar setae, trn sut—transverse suture.

FIGURES 1–6 in First cladistic analysis of Toxotarsinae (Diptera: Calliphoridae), with insights on the evolution of the group and on the transformation series of some historically controversial characters

FIGURES 1–6. Head characters of Toxotarsinae. 1–2. Parafacial setae. 1. Sarconesia chlorogaster. 2. S. magellanica. 3–4. Color of postgenal setae. 3. S. chlorogaster. 4. S. magellanica. 5–6. Apex of pedicel, highlighted by arrows. 5. Calliphora nigribasis. 6. S. chlorogaster. Abbreviations: gn—gena, pafc—parafacial setae, ped—pedicel, pgn—postgena.

FIGURES 25–26 in First cladistic analysis of Toxotarsinae (Diptera: Calliphoridae), with insights on the evolution of the group and on the transformation series of some historically controversial characters

FIGURES 25–26. Color of upper calypter rim, highlighted by arrows. 25. Pale (Sarconesia chlorogaster). 26. Dark (S. magellanica).

FIGURES 34–35. Female abdominal sternites. 34. Sarconesia roraima. 35. S in First cladistic analysis of Toxotarsinae (Diptera: Calliphoridae), with insights on the evolution of the group and on the transformation series of some historically controversial characters

FIGURES 34–35. Female abdominal sternites. 34. Sarconesia roraima. 35. S. magellanica. Abbreviation: st—sternite.

FIGURES 7–9 in First cladistic analysis of Toxotarsinae (Diptera: Calliphoridae), with insights on the evolution of the group and on the transformation series of some historically controversial characters

FIGURES 7–9. Antennae of Toxotarsinae. 7. Sarconesia roraima. 8. S. chlorogaster. 9. Toxotarsus humeralis.

FIGURES 29–30 in First cladistic analysis of Toxotarsinae (Diptera: Calliphoridae), with insights on the evolution of the group and on the transformation series of some historically controversial characters

FIGURES 29–30. Median longitudinal stripe on abdomen. 29. Absent (Sarconesia roraima). 30. Present (S. chlorogaster); arrow showing stripe.

FIGURE 52 in First cladistic analysis of Toxotarsinae (Diptera: Calliphoridae), with insights on the evolution of the group and on the transformation series of some historically controversial characters

FIGURE 52. Cladistic analysis of Toxotarsinae. Single most parsimonious tree recovered with TNT in the implied weighting analysis (k = 1.3281). Tree length = 104; CI=0.577; RI=0.718. Values above the branches indicate bootstrap (BS, left) and jackknife (JK, right) supports. Values below the branches indicate the absolute Bremer (BR, left) and relative fit difference (RFD, right) supports for each branch.

FIGURES 19–24 in First cladistic analysis of Toxotarsinae (Diptera: Calliphoridae), with insights on the evolution of the group and on the transformation series of some historically controversial characters

FIGURES 19–24. Thoracic characters of Sarconesia chlorogaster and outgroup Chrysomya megacephala. 19–20. Pruinosity of scutellum. 19. C. megacephala. 20. S. chlorogaster. 21–22. Setae on ventral surface of stem of R vein, shown by arrows. 21. Absent (C. megacephala). 22. Present (S. chlorogaster). 23–24. Disposition of setae on dorsal surface of R 4+5 vein, highlighted by arrows. 23. From stem halfway to crossvein r-m (C. megacephala). 24. Only on stem (S. chlorogaster). Abbreviations: psut sct—postsutural scutum, sctl—scutellum, R 4+5 —vein R 4+5, r-m—crossvein r-m.

opencc-zeroApr 2023View details →

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Phylogeography and population genetic structure of the cardinal tetra (Paracheirodon axelrodi) in the Orinoco basin and Negro River (Amazon basin): evaluating connectivity and historical patterns of diversification

The Neotropics contain one of the most diverse assemblages of freshwater fishes worldwide. Part of this diversity is shared between the Orinoco and Amazon basins. These basins have been separated for a long time due to the Vaupes Arch, rising between 10 - 11 Ma. Today, there is only one permanent connection between the Orinoco and Negro (Amazon) basins, known as the Casiquiare Canal. However, alternative corridors allowing fish dispersion between both basins have been proposed. The cardinal tetra (Paracheirodon axelrodi), the most important fish in the ornamental world market, is distributed in both basins. Here we investigated P. axelrodi phylogeography, population structure, and potential routes of migration and connectivity between the two basins. A total of 468 bp of the mitochondrial gene (COI), 555 bp of the nuclear gene fragment (MYH6), and 8 microsatellite loci were analyzed. As a result, we found two major genetic clusters as the most likely scenario (K=2), but they were not discreetly distributed between basins. A gradient of genetic admixture was observed in Cucui and São Gabriel da Cachoeira, between the upper Negro River and the upper Orinoco. Samples from the middle-lower Negro River were highly structured. Cucui (Negro basin) was more similar to the Orinoco than to the rest of the Negro basin populations. However, substructure was also observed by the discriminant analysis, fixation indices and other hierarchichal structure analyses (K=3-6), showing three major geographic clusters: Orinoco, Cucui, and the remaining of the Negro basin. Unidirectional migration patterns were detected between basins: via Cucui toward Orinoco and via the remaining of the Negro basin toward Orinoco. Results from the Relaxed Random Walk analysis support a very recent origin of this species in the headwater Orinoco basin (Western Guiana Shield, at late Pleistocene) with a later rapid colonization of the remaining Orinoco basin and almost simultaneously the Negro River via Cucui, between 0.115 until about 0.001 Ma. Historical biogeography and population genetic patterns observed here for Cardinal tetra, seem to be better explained by river capture, physical, or ecological barriers than due to the geographic distance.

opennotspecifiedMay 2023View details →

Figures 1–18 in Staurosirella eruciformis, a new Staurosirella (Bacillariophyta) species from a historic sample from Scotland, UK

Figures 1–18. Staurosirella eruciformis Van de Vijver sp. nov. LM and SEM images taken from the holotype sample (BR-4785, Hawthorden, Scotland, UK, Walker Arnott sample WA245).

opencc-by-4.0May 2023View details →

Presumed historical native range of the Eastern Dwarf Tree Frog (Litoria fallax)

The presumed native range of Litoria fallax, obtained from the Australian Frog Atlas (Cutajar et al. 2022) with invasive range removed based upon historical (<1980) records of the species in the Atlas of Living Australia (ALA; ala.org.au). Used in Rowley & Callaghan (2023).    Reference Rowley, J.J.L. & Callaghan, C. T. (2023). Tracking the spread of the eastern dwarf tree frog (Litoria fallax) in Australia using citizen science. Australian Journal of Zoology (Under Review).   Australian Frog Atlas: Cutajar. T. P., Portway, C. D., Gillard, G. L., & Rowley, J. J. L. (2022) Australian Frog Atlas: Fine-scale species distribution maps informed by the FrogID dataset. Technical Reports of the Australian Museum Online. 36: 1-48. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3853/j.1835-4211.36.2022.1789">https://doi.org/10.3853/j.1835-4211.36.2022.1789</a>

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Environment as a limiting factor of the historical global spread of mungbean

While the domestication process has been investigated in many crops, the detailed route of cultivation range expansion and factors governing this process received relatively little attention. Here using mungbean (Vigna radiata var. radiata) as a test case, we investigated the genomes of more than one thousand accessions to illustrate climatic adaptation's role in dictating the unique routes of cultivation range expansion. Despite the geographical proximity between South and Central Asia, genetic evidence suggests mungbean cultivation first spread from South Asia to Southeast, East, and finally reached Central Asia. Combining evidence from demographic inference, climatic niche modeling, plant morphology, and records from ancient Chinese sources, we showed that the specific route was shaped by the unique combinations of climatic constraints and farmer practices across Asia, which imposed divergent selection favoring higher yield in the south but short-season and more drought-tolerant accessions in the north. Our results suggest that mungbean did not radiate from the domestication center as expected purely under human activity, but instead, the spread of mungbean cultivation is highly constrained by climatic adaptation, echoing the idea that human commensals are more difficult to spread through the south-north axis of continents.

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opencc-zeroJun 2023View details →

Supplementary material 3 from: Ramírez-Bautista A, Torres-Hernández LA, Cruz-Elizalde R, Berriozabal-Islas C, Hernández-Salinas U, Wilson LD, Johnson JD, Porras LW, Balderas-Valdivia CJ, González-Hernández AJX, Mata-Silva V (2023) An updated list of the Mexican herpetofauna: with a summary of historical and contemporary studies. ZooKeys 1166: 287-306. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1166.86986

Territorial area, percentage territorial of county, and total number of species of amphibians, reptiles, and herpetofauna of each state in Mexico

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2023View details →

Supplementary Materials - Land , SI Historic Landscape Evolution

Supplementary Materials for the paper : The evolution of historic agroforestry landscape in the Northern Apennines (Italy) and its consequences for slope geomorphic processes, submitted to Land, Special Issue Historic Landscape Evolution

APPENDIX F: Full List of Historical Structures in Sta. Cruz, Manila (NHCP, 2022)

APPENDIX F: Full List of Historical Structures in Sta. Cruz, Manila (NHCP, 2022) for Memoryscapes in Recto-spection: Visualizing Avenida, Recto, and Carriedo, Manila as Virtual Memoryscapes through immersive mobile technologies and digital heritage interpretation. Thesis Adviser: Dr. Cathe Desiree S. Nadal, Ph. D.

APPENDIX G: Full List of Historical Structures in Quiapo, Manila (NHCP, 2022)

APPENDIX G: Full List of Historical Structures in Quiapo, Manila (NHCP, 2022) for Memoryscapes in Recto-spection: Visualizing Avenida, Recto, and Carriedo, Manila as Virtual Memoryscapes  through immersive mobile technologies and digital heritage interpretation. Thesis Adviser: Dr. Cathe Desiree S. Nadal, Ph. D.

APPENDIX C: PRECUP MAPAMANA: Full list of Culturally and Historically Significant Heritage Assets and Sites in Recto Avenue (NCCA, 2022)

APPENDIX C: PRECUP MAPAMANA: Full list of Culturally and Historically Significant Heritage Assets and Sites in Recto Avenue (NCCA, 2022) for Memoryscapes in Recto-spection: Visualizing Avenida, Recto, and Carriedo, Manila as Virtual Memoryscapes  through immersive mobile technologies and digital heritage interpretation. Thesis Adviser: Dr. Cathe Desiree S. Nadal, Ph. D.

APPENDIX D: PRECUP MAPAMANA: Full list of Culturally and Historically Significant Heritage Assets and Sites in Quiapo District (NCCA, 2022

APPENDIX D: PRECUP MAPAMANA: Full list of Culturally and Historically Significant Heritage Assets and Sites in Quiapo District (NCCA, 2022 in the Recto-Avenida-Carriedo Strip (NCCA, 2022) for Memoryscapes in Recto-spection: Visualizing Avenida, Recto, and Carriedo, Manila as Virtual Memoryscapes  through immersive mobile technologies and digital heritage interpretation. Thesis Adviser: Dr. Cathe Desiree S. Nadal, Ph. D.