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8,460 results for “MONITORING”
Data from: Long-term effective population size dynamics of an intensively monitored vertebrate population
Long-term genetic data from intensively monitored natural populations are important for understanding how effective population sizes (Ne) can vary over time. We therefore genotyped 1622 common buzzard (Buteo buteo) chicks sampled over 12 consecutive years (2002–2013 inclusive) at 15 microsatellite loci. This data set allowed us to both compare single-sample with temporal approaches and explore temporal patterns in the effective number of parents that produced each cohort in relation to the observed population dynamics. We found reasonable consistency between linkage disequilibrium-based single-sample and temporal estimators, particularly during the latter half of the study, but no clear relationship between annual Ne estimates (hdy201667e1gif(239)1917) and census sizes. We also documented a 14-fold increase in hdy201667e2gif(239)1917 between 2008 and 2011, a period during which the census size doubled, probably reflecting a combination of higher adult survival and immigration from further afield. Our study thus reveals appreciable temporal heterogeneity in the effective population size of a natural vertebrate population, confirms the need for long-term studies and cautions against drawing conclusions from a single sample.
Data from: Have Welsh agri-environment schemes delivered for focal species? Results from a comprehensive monitoring programme
1. Agri-environment schemes (AES) have been criticised for being inadequately monitored and for not delivering the expected benefits to nature. Consequently, the Welsh Government funded a comprehensive programme of monitoring of Welsh AES, which took place between 2009 and 2012. The AES assessment focused primarily on Tir Gofal (which translates as "Land in Care"), but also included the Organic Farming Scheme, and monitoring focused on a range of taxa of conservation importance: arable plants, grassland fungi, bats (six species), butterflies (three species), birds (five species), water vole and brown hare. 2. Field work was undertaken to survey these taxa on matched farms and fields within and outside of AES. Response variables consisted of spatial trends of abundance, occurrence and species richness, which were modelled against AES status. Existing data were also available for two bird species. 3. Few differences were observed between AES and non-AES farms and fields. Those that were observed were for species that use arable habitats (which are uncommon in Wales): arable plants, yellowhammers, and brown hares. The lack of differences in non-arable habitats may reflect the smaller contrast between AES and non-AES management in these habitats. It may also reflect the original condition of habitat entered into AES prescriptions, as most non-arable prescriptions were defined by mandatory management of existing habitats, rather than optional habitat creation or restoration, which is the case for most arable prescriptions. 4. Despite the lack of differences observed, AES may help to maintain populations of species, making it more likely that they will persist in the landscape. There is evidence, from this monitoring programme and elsewhere, that AES can increase the populations of species, when well targeted and implemented. 5. Policy applications. The results indicate that Welsh AES have been only partly successful in achieving their stated aim of "maintaining and enhancing species abundance." These results can be used to improve AES design and management, both in Wales and more widely, by identifying and promoting effective management interventions, and by identifying ineffective management interventions and seeking alternatives. In particular, we highlight the importance of comprehensive monitoring of AES, and we recommend that this be combined with specific targets regarding the expected outcomes of AES management. This is essential to determine whether AES are providing value for money.28-Nov-2018
Prefrontal deep projection neurons enable cognitive flexibility via persistent feedback monitoring
<p>Attentional set-shifting is a cognitive task that requires a subject to flexibly shift attention between different sensory features of a stimulus, based on continuous trial-and-error. This data set comprises in-vivo 2-photon video recordings of fluorescent calcium signals made in the prefrontal (prelimbic + infralimbic) cortex of mice performing a serial extradimensional set-shifting task. </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Data from: Continuous glucose monitoring profiles in healthy non-diabetic participants: a multicenter prospective study
Context: Use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is increasing for insulin-requiring patients with diabetes. While data on glycemic profiles of healthy, non-diabetic individuals exists for older sensors, assessment of glycemic metrics with new generation CGM devices is lacking. Objective: To establish reference sensor glucose ranges in healthy, non-diabetic individuals across different age groups, using a current generation CGM sensor. Design: Multicenter, prospective study. Setting: 12 centers within the T1D Exchange Clinic Network. Patients or Participants: Non-pregnant, healthy, non-diabetic children and adults (age ≥6 years); with non-obese body mass index. Intervention: A blinded Dexcom G6 CGM, with once daily calibration, was worn for up to 10 days in each participant. Main Outcome Measure: CGM metrics of mean glucose, hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, and glycemic variability. Results: 153 participants (age 7-80 years) were included in the analyses. Mean average glucose was 98-99 mg/dL (5.4-5.5 mmol/L) for all age groups except those over 60 years in whom mean average glucose was 104 mg/dL (5.8 mmol/L). The median % time between 70-140 mg/dL (3.9-7.8 mmol/L) was 96% (IQR 93%-98%). Mean within-individual coefficient of variation (CV) was 17±3%. Median time spent with glucose levels >140mg/dL was 2.1% (30 min/day) and <70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L) was 1.1% (15 min/day). Conclusion: By assessing across age groups in a healthy, non-diabetic population, normative sensor glucose data have been derived, and will be useful as a benchmark for future research studies.
Data from: Weather conditions determine attenuation and speed of sound: environmental limitations for monitoring and analysing bat echolocation
Echolocating bats are regularly studied to investigate auditory-guided behaviours and as important bioindicators. Bioacoustic monitoring methods based on echolocation calls are increasingly used for risk assessment and to ultimately inform conservation strategies for bats. As echolocation calls transmit through the air at the speed of sound, they undergo changes due to atmospheric and geometric attenuation. Both the speed of sound and atmospheric attenuation, however, are variable and determined by weather conditions, particularly temperature and relative humidity. Changing weather conditions thus cause variation in analysed call parameters, limiting our ability to detect and correctly analyse bat calls. Here, I use real-world weather data to exemplify the effect of varying weather conditions on the acoustic properties of air. I then present atmospheric attenuation and speed of sound for the global range of weather conditions and bat call frequencies to show their relative effects. Atmospheric attenuation is a non-linear function of call frequency, temperature, relative humidity and atmospheric pressure. While atmospheric attenuation is strongly positively correlated with call frequency, it is also significantly influenced by temperature and relative humidity in a complex non-linear fashion. Variable weather conditions thus result in variable and unknown effects on the recorded call, affecting estimates of call frequency and intensity, particularly for high frequencies. Weather-induced variation in speed of sound reaches up to about ±3%, but is generally much smaller and only relevant for acoustic localisation methods of bats. The frequency- and weather-dependent variation in atmospheric attenuation has a three-fold effect on bioacoustic monitoring of bats: it limits our capability (1) to monitor bats equally across time, space, and species, (2) to correctly measure frequency parameters of bat echolocation calls, particularly for high-frequencies, and (3) to correctly identify bat species in species-rich assemblies or for sympatric species with similar call designs.
Data from: Using citizen science monitoring data in species distribution models to inform isotopic assignment of migratory connectivity in wetland birds
Stable isotopes have been used to estimate migratory connectivity in many species. Estimates are often greatly improved when coupled with species distribution models (SDMs), which temper estimates in relation to occurrence. SDMs can be constructed using from point locality data from a variety of sources including extensive monitoring data typically collected by citizen scientists. However, one potential issue with SDM is that these data oven have sampling bias. To avoid this potential bias, an approach using SDMs based on marsh bird monitoring program data collected by citizen scientists and other participants following protocols specifically designed to maximize detections of species of interest at locations representative of the species range. We then used the SDMs to refine isotopic assignments of breeding areas of autumn-migrating and wintering Sora (Porzana carolina), Virginia Rails (Rallus limicola), and Yellow Rails (Coturnicops noveboracensis) based on feathers collected from individuals caught at various locations in the United States from Minnesota south to Louisiana and South Carolina. Sora were assigned to an area that included much of the western U.S. and prairie Canada, covering parts of the Pacific, Central, and Mississippi Flyways. Yellow Rails were assigned to a broad area along Hudson and James Bay in northern Manitoba and Ontario, as well as smaller parts of Quebec, Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan, including parts of the Mississippi and Atlantic Flyways. Virginia Rails were from several discrete areas, including parts of Colorado, New Mexico, the central valley of California, and southern Saskatchewan and Manitoba in the Pacific and Central Flyways. Our study demonstrates extensive data from organized citizen science monitoring programs are especially useful for improving isotopic assignments of migratory connectivity in birds, which can ultimately lead to better informed management decisions and conservation actions.
Data from: Debugging diversity – a pan‐continental exploration of the potential of terrestrial blood‐feeding leeches as a vertebrate monitoring tool
The use of environmental DNA (eDNA) has become an applicable non-invasive tool with which to obtain information about biodiversity. A sub-discipline of eDNA is iDNA (invertebrate-derived DNA), where genetic material ingested by invertebrates is used to characterise the biodiversity of the species that served as hosts. While promising, these techniques are still in their infancy, as they have only been explored on limited numbers of samples from only a single or a few different locations. In this study, we investigate the suitability of iDNA extracted from more than 3,000 haematophagous terrestrial leeches as a tool for detecting a wide range of terrestrial vertebrates across five different geographical regions on three different continents. These regions cover almost the full geographical range of haematophagous terrestrial leeches, thus representing all parts of the world where this method might apply. We identify host taxa through metabarcoding coupled with high-throughput sequencing on Illumina and IonTorrent sequencing platforms to decrease economic costs and workload and thereby make the approach attractive for practitioners in conservation management. We identified hosts in four different taxonomic vertebrate classes: mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians, belonging to at least 42 different taxonomic families. We find that vertebrate blood ingested by haematophagous terrestrial leeches throughout their distribution is a viable source of DNA with which to examine a wide range of vertebrates. Thus, this study provides encouraging support for the potential of haematophagous terrestrial leeches as a tool for detecting and monitoring terrestrial vertebrate biodiversity.
Irradiance monitoring network data
<p>The data.tar.gz archive contains data from an irradiance monitoring network in Tucson, Arizona for the period 2014-04-05 to 2014-06-30. It includes a sensor metadata csv, csv files for the measurements on each day, and csv files for the clearsky-profiles for each sensor on each day. This data was used to make short-term forecasts of solar irradiance.</p>
Irradiance monitoring network data and wind motion vectors
<p>The data.tar.gz archive contains data from an irradiance monitoring network in Tucson, Arizona for the period 2014-04-05 to 2014-06-30. It includes a sensor metadata csv, csv files for the measurements on each day, csv files for the clearsky-profiles for each sensor on each day, and a time-series of the expected wind motion vectors obtained from a numerical weather model. This data was used to make short-term forecasts of solar irradiance.</p>
Clinical Usefulness of Capnographic Monitoring for Feeding Tube Insertion in Critically Ill Patients: Retrospective Cohort Study
<p><strong>Background</strong>: It is not rare for a small-bore feeding tube to be inserted incorrectly into the respiratory system in critically ill patients. Thus, monitoring is necessary to prevent respiratory malplacement of the tube. We investigated the utility of capnographic monitoring for the prevention of respiratory complications due to feeding tube mispositioning in critically ill patients.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> This study is a pre- and post-intervention study, including a total of 445 feeding tube placements events that were retrospectively studied in the medical and surgical intensive care units of the Samsung Medical Center. We compared the outcomes between the time periods before and after the capnographic monitoring and respiratory complications.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> Feeding tubes were inserted in 275 cases without capnographic monitoring. Capnographic monitoring was performed in 170 cases. Sixteen patients (4%) had respiratory complications in total tube placements. Tracheal insertion was in 11 (2%) patients and pneumothorax in 5 (1%) patients. Fourteen cases of respiratory complications were detected in control group (14/275, 5%, ten tracheal insertions and four pneumothoraxes). Two cases of respiratory complications were detected in the capnographic monitoring group (2/170, 1%, one tracheal insertions and one pneumothorax). Respiratory complications were less detected in capnographic monitoring group than control group.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Capnographic monitoring is simple, easy to learn, and may be useful to prevent respiratory complication during feeding tube insertion in critically ill patients.</p>
Analysis of Overhead in Dynamic Java Performance Monitoring (data)
<p>In production environments, runtime performance monitoring is often limited to logging of high level events. More detailed measurements, such as method level tracing, tend to be avoided because their overhead can disrupt execution. This limits the information available to developers when solving performance issues at code level.</p> <p>One approach that reduces the measurement disruptions is dynamic performance monitoring, where the measurement instrumentation is inserted and removed as needed. Such selective monitoring naturally reduces the aggregate overhead, but also introduces transient overhead artefacts related to insertion and removal of instrumentation. We experimentally analyze this overhead in Java, focusing in particular on the measurement accuracy, the character of the transient overhead, and the longevity of the overhead artefacts.</p> <p>Among other results, we show that dynamic monitoring requires time from seconds to minutes to deliver stable measurements, that the instrumentation can both slow down and speed up the execution, and that the overhead artefacts can persist beyond the monitoring period.</p> <p>The attached files are a subset of our measurements of the SPECjbb2015 benchmark.</p>
Dataset - Monitoring and Analyzing of Circadian and Ultradian Locomotor Activity Based on Raspberry-Pi
<p>Dataset of the raw data used for the figures in the article "Monitoring and Analyzing of Circadian and Ultradian Locomotor Activity Based on Raspberry-Pi", published by Electronics, Special Issue on Raspberry-Pi.</p> <p>Description:</p> <p>-fig 6-7, raw data of one Gammarus setosus used for actogram and spectral analysis;</p> <p>-fig 10-board temp-current, raw data of the board temperature recorded by PT100 and current in mA;</p> <p>-fig10-12-13 chamber-cpu temp, raw data of the chamber temperature and cpu temperature.</p>
FIGURE 34 in Unravelling the underestimated diversity of Philippine water monitor lizards (Squamata: Varanus salvator complex), with the description of two new species and a new subspecies
FIGURE 34. Distribution ranges of the Philippine species of the V. s a l va t o r complex according to the morphological investigations presented here: V. marmoratus = red; V. nuchalis = blue; V. palawanensis sp. nov. = green; V. rasmusseni sp. nov. = black; V. c. cumingi = yellow; and V. c. s a m a re n s i s ssp. nov. = purple. Question marks denote the water monitor populations from Mindoro, Basilan, and northern Borneo of unknown taxonomic status. The grey shaded areas indicate the paleo-shorelines of several Pleistocene aggregate island complexes, which today, form biogeographic subregions of the Philippines: I = Greater Palawan; II = Greater Luzon; III = Greater Negros–Panay; IV = Greater Mindanao; and V = Greater Sulu. Map modified after Gaulke (in press).
FIGURE 23 in Unravelling the underestimated diversity of Philippine water monitor lizards (Squamata: Varanus salvator complex), with the description of two new species and a new subspecies
FIGURE 23. Ventral view of the juvenile paratype (ZFMK 89391) of V. rasmusseni sp. nov. Photo by André Koch.
FIGURE 26 in Unravelling the underestimated diversity of Philippine water monitor lizards (Squamata: Varanus salvator complex), with the description of two new species and a new subspecies
FIGURE 26. Ventral view of the holotype (SMF 73912) of V. palawanensis sp. nov. Photo by André Koch.
FIGURE 27 in Unravelling the underestimated diversity of Philippine water monitor lizards (Squamata: Varanus salvator complex), with the description of two new species and a new subspecies
FIGURE 27. Portrait of the holotype (SMF 73912) of V. palawanensis sp. nov. Note the ill-defined temporal stripe and the dark pigmentation on the dorsal and ventral side of the tongue. Photo by André Koch.
FIGURE 20 in Unravelling the underestimated diversity of Philippine water monitor lizards (Squamata: Varanus salvator complex), with the description of two new species and a new subspecies
FIGURE 20. Ventral view of the adult holotype (ZMUC R42151) of V. rasmusseni sp. nov. Photo by André Koch.
FIGURE 19 in Unravelling the underestimated diversity of Philippine water monitor lizards (Squamata: Varanus salvator complex), with the description of two new species and a new subspecies
FIGURE 19. Dorsal view of the adult holotype (ZMUC R42151) of V. rasmusseni sp. nov. Note the lack of colour pattern. Photo by André Koch.
FIGURE 15 in Unravelling the underestimated diversity of Philippine water monitor lizards (Squamata: Varanus salvator complex), with the description of two new species and a new subspecies
FIGURE 15. Dorsal view of the subadult lectotype (ZMB 470) of V. marmoratus Wiegmann, 1834 from Luzon. Photo courtesy of Mark-Oliver Rödel and Frank Tillack.
FIGURE 13 in Unravelling the underestimated diversity of Philippine water monitor lizards (Squamata: Varanus salvator complex), with the description of two new species and a new subspecies
FIGURE 13. Dorsal view of the female paratype (ZFMK 64712) of V. cumingi samarensis ssp. nov. Photo by André Koch.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.