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opencc-by-4.0Dec 2016View details →

Fig. 2 in Behavioral Responses Of Salmonid Fingerlings To New Invasive Fish Predator Perccottus Glenii

Fig. 2. Large adult Perccottus glenii male used in the experiment.

Fig. 6 in Phytoplankton Responses To Climate Change In The Large Lakes Of The Baltic Sea Basin

Fig. 6. Trend of changes in ice-free period (in days) on Lake Onega and Lake Peipsi for 1960- 2015.

Fig. 2 in Phytoplankton Responses To Climate Change In The Large Lakes Of The Baltic Sea Basin

Fig. 2. Phytoplankton biomass structure in the Lake Onega for August 1976-2010.

Fig. 1 in Phytoplankton Responses To Climate Change In The Large Lakes Of The Baltic Sea Basin

Fig. 1. Map of lakes with indication of sampling sites.

Fig. 4. Annual air temperature over Lake Onega catchment area for 1951–2014 in Phytoplankton Responses To Climate Change In The Large Lakes Of The Baltic Sea Basin

Fig. 4. Annual air temperature over Lake Onega catchment area for 1951–2014.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2017View details →

Fig. 2. A in Physiological Responses Of Rare Coastal Salt Marsh Plant Triglochin Maritima L. To Soil Chemical Heterogeneity

Fig. 2. A typical morphology of T. maritima plants grown in different substrates for 7 weeks.

Dataset for the paper "The Comprehensive Response of the Magnetopause to the Impact of a Magnetosheath High-Speed Jet"

This dataset is used for the paper "The Comprehensive Response of the Magnetopause to the Impact of a Magnetosheath High-Speed Jet" and contains publicly available data of MMS dayside magnetopause crossing events with high-speed jet events from 2015 to 2020. It includes crossing times, high-speed jet durations, the normals from the model and observations (Timing and MVA methods), and the temporal and spatial response scales of the magnetopause for all 20 MP response events in geocentric solar magnetospheric (GSM) coordinates.

Seed dormancy types and germination response of 15 plant species in temperate montane peatlands

Despite their crucial role in determining the fate of seeds, the type and breaking mode of seed dormancy in peatland plants in temperate Asia with a continental monsoon climate are rarely known. Fifteen common peatland plant species were used to test their seed germination response to various dormancy-breaking treatments, including dry storage (D), gibberellin acid soaking (GA), cold stratification (CS), warm followed cold stratification (WCS), GA soaking + cold stratification (GA+CS) and GA soaking + warm followed cold stratification (GA+WCS). Germination experiment, viability and imbibition test, and morphological observation of embryos were conducted. Of the 15 species, nine showed physiological dormancy (PD), with non-deep PD being the dominant type. Four species, Angelica pubescens, Cicuta virosa, Iris laevigata and Iris setosa exhibited morphological physiological dormancy. Two species, Lycopus uniflorus and Spiraea salicifolia, demonstrated non-dormancy of seeds. Overall, the effect hierarchy of dormancy-breaking is: CS > GA > WCS > GA+CS > D > GA+WCS. Principal component analysis demonstrated that seed traits, including embryo length: seed length ratio, seed size, and monocot/eudicot divergence, are more likely to influence seed dormancy than environmental factors. Our study suggests that nearly 90% of the tested peatland plant species in the Changbai Mountains demonstrated seed dormancy, and seed traits (e.g. embryo to seed ratio and seed size) and abiotic environmental factors (e.g. pH and temperature seasonality) are related to germination behavior, suggesting seed dormancy being a common adaptation strategy for the peatland plants in the temperate montane environment.

Data from: Bistable soft jumper capable of fast response and high take-off velocity

In contrast to jumping robots made from rigid materials, soft jumpers composed of compliant and elastically deformable materials exhibit superior impact resistance and mechanically robust functionality. However, recent efforts to create stimuli-responsive jumpers from soft materials are limited in their response speed, take-off velocity, and travel distance. Here, we report a magnetic-driven, ultrafast bistable soft jumper that exhibits the highest jumping capability (jumping over 108 body heights with a take-off velocity of over 2 m/s) and the fastest response time (less than 15 ms) compared to previous soft jumping robots. The snap-through transitions between bistable states form a repeatable loop that harnesses the ultrafast release of stored elastic energy. Based on the dynamic analysis, the multimodal locomotion of the bistable soft jumper can be realized: the interwell mode of jumping and the intrawell mode of hopping. These modes are controlled by adjusting the duration and strength of the magnetic field, which endows the bistable soft jumper with robust locomotion capabilities. In addition, it is capable of jumping omnidirectionally with tunable heights and distances. To demonstrate its capability in complex environment, a realistic pipeline with amphibious terrain was established. The jumper successfully finished the simulative task of cleansing polluted water through the pipeline. The design principle and actuating mechanism of the bistable soft jumper can be further extended for other flexible systems.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2022View details →

Figure 2 in Response and tolerance mechanism of food crops under high temperature stress: a review

Figure 2. Schematic representation of tolerance mechanism of plants during heat stress.

Measuring the benefit of a risk-induced trait response: vigilance and survival probability

Defensive traits are hypothesized to benefit prey by reducing predation risk from a focal predator but come at a cost to the fitness of the prey. Variation in the expression of defensive traits is seen among individuals within the same population, and in the same individual in response to changes in the environment (i.e., phenotypically plastic responses). It is the relative magnitude of the cost and benefit of the defensive trait which underlies the defensive trait expression and its consequences to the community. However, whereas the cost has received much attention in ecological research, the benefit is seldom examined. Even in a defensive trait as extensively studied as vigilance, there are few studies of the purported benefit of the behavior, namely that vigilance enhances survival. We examined if prey vigilance increased survival and quantified that benefit in a natural system, with white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) experiencing unmanipulated levels of predation risk from Florida panther (Puma concolor coryi). Deer that spent more time vigilant (as measured by head position using camera trap data) had a higher probability of survival. Indeed, an individual deer that were vigilant 75% of the time were more than three times as likely to be killed by panthers over the course of a year compared to a deer that were vigilant 95% of the time. Our results therefore show that within-population variation in the expression of a defensive trait has profound consequences to the benefit it confers. Our results provide empirical evidence supporting a long-held but seldom tested hypothesis, that vigilance is a behavior that reduces the probability of predation and quantified the benefit of this defensive trait. Our work furthers an understanding of the net effects of a trait on prey fitness and predator-prey interactions, within-population variation in traits, and predation risk effects.

Table 2: Mean and Standard Deviation of Responses by Field of Knowledge and Parenting Practices

Table 2 of 13 Table 2: Mean and Standard Deviation of Responses by Field of Knowledge and Parenting Practices

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2024View details →

Supporting Data for "Coccolithophore Assemblage Response to Indian Monsoon-ENSO Teleconnections During the Last Century" - AGU Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology

Data (Tables S1-S3) supporting the manuscript "Coccolithophore Assemblage Response to Indian Monsoon-ENSO Teleconnections During the Last Century". Files are uploaded as .csv format. Below are descriptions of the data generated from this study. In Table S1, the thickness data of von Rad et al. (1999), publicly available in <a href="https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.63129" target="_blank" rel="noopener">PANGAEA,</a> were used to construct the revised core composite stratigraphy for Core SO90-39KG. Please refer to the manuscript for details of the referenced publication.   <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>Table</td> <td>Table Description</td> </tr> <tr> <td>S1</td> <td>Revised composite stratigraphy of core SO90-39KG.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>S2</td> <td>Raw count data of all coccolithophore species identified in sediment samples in core SO90-39KG.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>S3</td> <td>Relative abundance data of all coccolithophore species identified in sediment samples in core SO90-39KG.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table>

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2024View details →

Supporting data and code for: Individual plasticity in response to rising sea temperatures contributes to an advancement in green turtle nesting phenology.

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Data from: Canopy cover and soil moisture influence forest understory plant responses to experimental summer drought

Extreme droughts are globally increasing in frequency and severity. Most research on drought in forests focuses on the response of trees, while less is known about the impacts of drought on forest understory species and how these effects are moderated by the local environment. We assessed the impacts of a 45-day experimental summer drought on the performance of six boreal forest understory plants, using a transplant experiment with rainout shelters replicated across 25 sites. We recorded growth, vitality and reproduction immediately, two months, and one year after the simulated drought, and examined how differences in ambient soil moisture and canopy cover among sites influenced the effects of drought on the performance of each species. Drought negatively affected the growth and/or vitality of all species, but the effects were stronger and more persistent in the bryophytes than in the vascular plants. The two species associated with older forests, the moss Hylocomiastrum umbratum and the orchid Goodyera repens, suffered larger effects than the more generalist species included in the experiment. The drought reduced reproductive output in the moss Hylocomium splendens in the next growing season, but increased reproduction in the graminoid Luzula pilosa. Higher ambient soil moisture reduced some negative effects of drought on vascular plants. Both denser canopy cover and higher soil moisture alleviated drought effects on bryophytes, likely through alleviating cellular damage. Our experiment shows that boreal understory species can be adversely affected by drought and that effects might be stronger for bryophytes and species associated with older forests. Our results indicate that the effects of drought can vary over small spatial scales and that forest landscapes can be actively managed to alleviate drought effects on boreal forest biodiversity. For example, by managing the tree canopy and protecting hydrological networks.

Promoting responsible business conduct due diligence in public procurement: Cutting edge insights from academics, practitioners and policy makers

On the 30 May 2024 Sapiens Network, through our Early Stage Researcher Laura Treviño-Lozano and the OECD Centre for Responsible Business Conduct hosted an online about the link between responsible business conduct (RBC) due diligence and public procurement. The aim was to encourage debate about the ways in which RBC due diligence can be operationalised to prevent and address various adverse impacts that derive from public procurement. A topic that has been little explored so far and already a reality established in the adopted EU Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive. Moderated by Lena Diesing (OECD), Sarah Reso (OECD) started the discussion with a presentation on the OECD’s research on the implications of RBC due diligence regulation on public procurement. Next, Laura Treviño-Lozano (Sapiens network) presented an open access <a title="https://url.uk.m.mimecastprotect.com/s/BOsTCGvj1hZPJAzukUTp5?domain=journals.sagepub.com" href="https://url.uk.m.mimecastprotect.com/s/BOsTCGvj1hZPJAzukUTp5?domain=journals.sagepub.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener">research paper</a>, co-authored with Ezgi Uysal (Sapiens Network), on establishing RBC due diligence as a contract performance condition under the EU Procurement Directive. Their presentations followed a roundtable discussion by experts and practitioners Zsofia Kerecsen (European Commission), Roberto Caranta (Sapiens Network), Carla Canal (Barcelona City Council) and Sophie Derksen (International Responsible Business Conduct Unit at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the Netherlands) on the importance, challenges and opportunities to integrate RBC due diligence in public procurement. This webinar is ideal for students, policymakers, and procurement practitioners aiming to learn from research and practice insights on responsible business conduct due diligence and public procurement.

Dataset (Global C-responses for CSES and CSES+Swarm+Obs database) presented in the recently submitted AGU manuscript "Electrical conductivity of mantle transition zone and water content revealed by the magnetic data of China Seismo-electromagnetic Satellite".

Dataset (Global C-responses for CSES and CSES+Swarm+Obs database) presented in the recently submitted AGU manuscript "Electrical conductivity of mantle transition zone and water content revealed by the magnetic data of China Seismo-electromagnetic Satellite".

Participant responses - Enhancing Workplace Well-being through Digital Solutions

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opencc-by-4.0Dec 2017View details →

Fig. 4 in Spatio-temporal variation in prevalence and intensity of trematodes responsible for waterfowl die-offs in faucet snail-infested waterbodies of Minnesota, USA

Fig. 4. (continued).