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7,883 results for “Tropic”
Data from: Marked differences in foraging area use and susceptibility to predation between two closely-related tropical seabirds
<p><span>Ecological theory predicts that closely-related species must occupy different niches to coexist. How marine top predators achieve this during breeding, when they often gather in large multi-species colonies and are constrained to central-place foraging, has been mostly studied in productive temperate and polar oceans with abundant resources, but less so in poorer, tropical waters. Here, we track the foraging movements of two closely-related sympatric seabirds—the white-tailed and red-tailed tropicbirds <em>Phaethon lepturus</em> and <em>P</em>. <em>rubricauda</em>—breeding on Aldabra Atoll, Seychelles, to investigate potential mechanisms of niche segregation and shed light on their contrasting population trends. Combining data from GPS, immersion, depth and accelerometry loggers, we show that the two species have similar behaviour at sea, but are completely segregated spatially, with red-tailed tropicbirds flying further to feed and using different feeding areas than white-tailed tropicbirds. Using nest-based camera traps, we show that low breeding success of both species—which likely drives observed population declines—is caused by high nest predation. However, the two species are targeted by different predators, with native avian predators mainly targeting red-tailed tropicbird nests, and invasive rats raiding white-tailed tropicbird nests when they leave their eggs unattended. Our findings provide new insight into the foraging ecology of tropicbirds and have important conservation implications. The extensive range and spatial segregation highlight the importance of considering large-scale protection of waters around tropical seabird colonies, while the high level of nest predation provides evidence in support of rat eradication and investigating potential nest protection from native avian predators.</span></p>
Flooding drives tropical dry forest tree community assembly in southeast Brazil
<p><span>In this study, we characterized and compared vegetation types associated with geomorphological units susceptible to distinct flooding levels. Differences in vegetation are related to landform variations. We aimed to (i) characterize the vegetation structure and quantify community compositional differences among landforms and (ii) compare landforms soil characteristics and how these correlate with the tree vegetation. The study area is located in the Brazilian Caatinga Domain, near the Verde Grande River, a tributary of São Francisco River (coordinates 14º 54' 38'' S 43º 42' 53'' W). We allocated six plots in each landform sampled from wettest to driest sites: (i) Marginal Dike (RF – Riparian Forest), (ii) Upper terrace (RWF – Riparian Wetland Forest), (iii) Lower Terrace (WF – Wetland Forest), (iv) Lower Plain (OFF – Occasionally Flooded Forest), and (v) Upper Plain (UF - Unflooded Forest). </span>We conducted multivariate analyses (non-metric multidimensional scaling and Principal component analyses) to determine if the five sampled environments formed distinct floristic and environmental groups across the flooding gradient. We used ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc tests to assess soil variable differences among vegetation types (where relationships between edaphic variations and tree communities' floristic-structural patterns are the purpose of each analysis). <span>A total of 1422 individuals, 26 families, 70 genera, and 89 species were recorded. The NMDS revealed two distinct floristic groups: one group is associated with landforms with assumed higher flood frequency (RF, RWF, WF) and one with less frequently flooded landforms (OFF and UF). The RF, OFF, and UF landforms contained exclusive species (that only occurred in the plots of a particular landform). The species <em>Geofroea spinosa</em> (Fabaceae) was responsible for 70% of the total biomass recorded in the landforms RWF and WF. The soil analysis showed a gradient of soil acidity and fertility related to water saturation, whereby the most frequently flooded plots had the highest acidity values and highest fertility. We found that flood-related conditions significantly influence tree community structure and species distribution in this floodplain in the Brazilian Caatinga Domain.</span></p>
Data from: Elevational range sizes of woody plants increase with climate variability in the Tropical Andes
<p><strong>Aim</strong>:<strong> </strong>The climate variability hypothesis proposes that species subjected to wide variation in climatic conditions will evolve wider niches, resulting in larger distributions. We test this hypothesis in tropical plants across a broad elevational gradient; specifically, we use a species-level approach to evaluate whether elevational range sizes are explained by the levels of thermal variability experienced by species.</p> <p><strong>Location</strong>:<strong> </strong>Central Andes</p> <p><strong>Time period</strong>:<strong> </strong>Present day</p> <p><strong>Taxon</strong>: Woody plants</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: Combining data from 479 forest plots, we determined the elevational distributions of nearly 2300 species along an elevational gradient (~209 – 3800 m). For each species, we calculated the maximum annual variation in temperature experienced across its elevational distribution. We used phylogenetic generalized least square models to evaluate the effect of thermal variability on range size. Our models included additional covariates that might affect range size: body size, local abundance, mean temperature and total precipitation. We also considered interactions between thermal variability and mean temperature or precipitation. To account for geometric constraints, we repeated our analyses with a standardized measure of range size, calculated by comparing observed range sizes with values obtained from a null model. </p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: Our results supported the main prediction of the climate variability hypothesis. Thermal variability had a strong positive effect on the range size, with species exposed to higher thermal variability having broader elevational distributions. Body size and local abundance also had positive, yet weak effects, on elevational range size. Furthermore, there was a strong positive interaction between thermal variability and mean annual temperature.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusions</strong>: Thermal variability had an overriding importance in driving elevational range sizes of woody plants in the Central Andes. Moreover, the relationship between thermal variability and range size might be even stronger in warmer regions, underlining the potential vulnerability of tropical montane floras to the effects of global warming.</p>
Test of the Safety, Effectiveness, & Acceptability of An Improvised Dressing for Sickle Cell Leg Ulcers in the Tropics
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04479618. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Maraviroc Plus Darunavir/Ritonavir for Treatment-Naïve Patients Infected With R5-tropic HIV-1
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00993148. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Ciclosporin in HTLV-1 Associated Myelopathy/ Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00773292. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Prospective Study of Efficacy of Intra-muscular Vitamin D3 in Tropical Calcific Pancreatitis
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00956839. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 10.
Trial of Maraviroc (UK-427,857) in Combination With Optimized Background Therapy Versus Optimized Background Therapy Alone for the Treatment of Antiretroviral-Experienced NonCCR5-Tropic HIV-1 Infected
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00098748. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 9. Publications: 1.
Tree species abundance through time in tropical forest census plots, Panama
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Variations in the Intensity and Spatial Extent of Tropical Cyclone Precipitation
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Data from: Incomplete recovery of tree community composition and rare species after 120 years of tropical forest succession in Panama
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Competition for waterborne food resources among tropical shallow-water sponges
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Rainfall associated with tropical and post-tropical cyclones in the high resolution CNRM-CM6-1-HR model
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Data from: Vertebrate seed predation can limit recruitment of later-successional species in tropical forest restoration
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Data from: Tropical tree species traits drive soil cation dynamics via effects on pH: a proposed conceptual framework
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Data from: Rising CO2 accelerates phosphorus and molybdenum limitation of N2-fixation in young tropical trees
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Intraspecific plant-soil feedback in four tropical tree species is inconsistent in a field experiment
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Pollinator interactions of native and introduced plants in smallholder tropical orchards across a gradient of anthropogenic landscapes
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Variable freshwater influences on the abundance of vibrio vulnificus in a tropical urban estuary
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Empirical data and model simulations of the effect of repeated hurricanes on soil carbon dynamics in a humid tropical forest
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.