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Text-fig. 16. Length-width scatter diagram of isolated molars of Sayimys hintoni n. sp. and S. cf. minor from sites H.-SGP 81.14a (lower Manchar Formation, Sind, Pakistan) with the size-cloud outlines of molars of the large sample of S. chinjiensis from H.-GSP.24 shown in Text-fig. 17. in An Exceptional Large Sample Of The Early Miocene Ctenodactyline Rodent Sayimys Giganteus, Specific Variation And Taxonomic Implications
Text-fig. 16. Length-width scatter diagram of isolated molars of Sayimys hintoni n. sp. and S. cf. minor from sites H.-SGP 81.14a (lower Manchar Formation, Sind, Pakistan) with the size-cloud outlines of molars of the large sample of S. chinjiensis from H.-GSP.24 shown in Text-fig. 17.
Text-fig. 15. Lightly worn molars of Sayimys hintoni n. sp. (f, g, h) and S. cf. minor (e and i) from locality H.-GSP81.14a and S. chinjiensis from H.-GSP82.24 (a, b, c, d). Upper molars: occlusal surfaces and labial sides, lower molars occlusal surfaces and lingual sides. Side views horizontally-mirrored, anterior indicated by arrows. in An Exceptional Large Sample Of The Early Miocene Ctenodactyline Rodent Sayimys Giganteus, Specific Variation And Taxonomic Implications
Text-fig. 15. Lightly worn molars of Sayimys hintoni n. sp. (f, g, h) and S. cf. minor (e and i) from locality H.-GSP81.14a and S. chinjiensis from H.-GSP82.24 (a, b, c, d). Upper molars: occlusal surfaces and labial sides, lower molars occlusal surfaces and lingual sides. Side views horizontally-mirrored, anterior indicated by arrows.
Text-fig. 8. Wear stages and height (h) of cheek teeth of Sayimys giganteus from Keseköy. Height in mm of the entoconid (arrow) in lower cheek teeth and paracone (arrow) in upper cheek teeth. Shown are the high value and a low value for each wear stage. Note that h of the different wear stages may show large overlaps, in particular in those of worn teeth. This is due to the often-irregular occlusal surfaces of older individuals. in An Exceptional Large Sample Of The Early Miocene Ctenodactyline Rodent Sayimys Giganteus, Specific Variation And Taxonomic Implications
Text-fig. 8. Wear stages and height (h) of cheek teeth of Sayimys giganteus from Keseköy. Height in mm of the entoconid (arrow) in lower cheek teeth and paracone (arrow) in upper cheek teeth. Shown are the high value and a low value for each wear stage. Note that h of the different wear stages may show large overlaps, in particular in those of worn teeth. This is due to the often-irregular occlusal surfaces of older individuals.
Text-fig. 11. Cheek teeth of Sayimys giganteus from Keseköy. Anterior sides are indicated by arrows. Top row: labial sides of M3, M2, M1 and DP4, images horizontally-mirrored. Second row: occlusal surfaces of M3, M2, M1 and DP4 of the same specimens. Third row: lingual sides of m3, m2, m1 and dp4, images horizontally-mirrored. Lower row: occlusal surfaces of m3, m2, m1 and dp4 of the same specimens. in An Exceptional Large Sample Of The Early Miocene Ctenodactyline Rodent Sayimys Giganteus, Specific Variation And Taxonomic Implications
Text-fig. 11. Cheek teeth of Sayimys giganteus from Keseköy. Anterior sides are indicated by arrows. Top row: labial sides of M3, M2, M1 and DP4, images horizontally-mirrored. Second row: occlusal surfaces of M3, M2, M1 and DP4 of the same specimens. Third row: lingual sides of m3, m2, m1 and dp4, images horizontally-mirrored. Lower row: occlusal surfaces of m3, m2, m1 and dp4 of the same specimens.
Text-fig. 13. Ranges of the length of the m3 based on data from the literature, see Text-fig. 12 for explanation. in An Exceptional Large Sample Of The Early Miocene Ctenodactyline Rodent Sayimys Giganteus, Specific Variation And Taxonomic Implications
Text-fig. 13. Ranges of the length of the m3 based on data from the literature, see Text-fig. 12 for explanation.
Text-fig. 10. Upper cheek teeth of Sayimys giganteus from Keseköy and Yapıntı (= YAP numbers) shown as right specimens. Left side specimens are shown in mirror image, these have underlined specimen numbers. in An Exceptional Large Sample Of The Early Miocene Ctenodactyline Rodent Sayimys Giganteus, Specific Variation And Taxonomic Implications
Text-fig. 10. Upper cheek teeth of Sayimys giganteus from Keseköy and Yapıntı (= YAP numbers) shown as right specimens. Left side specimens are shown in mirror image, these have underlined specimen numbers.
Text-fig. 12. Ranges of the length of the dp4 based on data from the literature. Vertical scale in Ma, the samples are from the Siwaliks (black) and Turkey, Greece and Arabia (red). Type localities of species are indicated with an asterisk. The Y and Z sites are from Baskin (1996), its size ranges are composed of data from several localities and the vertical arrowed broken line indicates the age range of these sites. in An Exceptional Large Sample Of The Early Miocene Ctenodactyline Rodent Sayimys Giganteus, Specific Variation And Taxonomic Implications
Text-fig. 12. Ranges of the length of the dp4 based on data from the literature. Vertical scale in Ma, the samples are from the Siwaliks (black) and Turkey, Greece and Arabia (red). Type localities of species are indicated with an asterisk. The Y and Z sites are from Baskin (1996), its size ranges are composed of data from several localities and the vertical arrowed broken line indicates the age range of these sites.
Text-fig. 6. Histograms of the length of Sayimys giganteus m1–m2 and M1–M2 from Keseköy showing bimodality. in An Exceptional Large Sample Of The Early Miocene Ctenodactyline Rodent Sayimys Giganteus, Specific Variation And Taxonomic Implications
Text-fig. 6. Histograms of the length of Sayimys giganteus m1–m2 and M1–M2 from Keseköy showing bimodality.
Text-fig. 9. Lower molars and premolars of Sayimys giganteus from Keseköy and Yapıntı (= YAP numbers) shown as right specimens. Left side specimens are shown in mirror image, these have underlined specimen numbers. in An Exceptional Large Sample Of The Early Miocene Ctenodactyline Rodent Sayimys Giganteus, Specific Variation And Taxonomic Implications
Text-fig. 9. Lower molars and premolars of Sayimys giganteus from Keseköy and Yapıntı (= YAP numbers) shown as right specimens. Left side specimens are shown in mirror image, these have underlined specimen numbers.
Text-fig. 7. Scatter diagram of molar length against the ratio anterior width / posterior width of upper molars of S. giganteus from Keseköy. in An Exceptional Large Sample Of The Early Miocene Ctenodactyline Rodent Sayimys Giganteus, Specific Variation And Taxonomic Implications
Text-fig. 7. Scatter diagram of molar length against the ratio anterior width / posterior width of upper molars of S. giganteus from Keseköy.
dataset related to article "Dysregulation of Muscle-Specific MicroRNAs as Common Pathogenic Feature Associated with Muscle Atrophy in ALS, SMA and SBMA: Evidence from Animal Models and Human Patients"
<p> CINZIA CAGNOLI 0000-0001-6863-6687, MICHELA TAIANA 0000-0001-8257-8831, MONICA NIZZARDO 0000-0001-5447-0882, STEFANIA CORTI 0000-0001-5425-969X, VIVIANA PENSATO 0000-0001-9798-2669, ANNA VENERANDO <a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7489-1833">0000-0002-7489-1833</a>, CINZIA GELLERA <a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3582-665X">0000-0002-3582-665X</a>, SILVIA FENU 0000-0002-5233-6580, DAVIDE PAREYSON 0000-0001-6854-765X, RICCARDO MASSON 0000-0002-9311-452X, LORENZO MAGGI 0000-0002-0932-5173, ELEONORA DALLA BELLA 0000-0001-6267-9651, GIUSEPPE LAURIA 0000-0001-9773-020X, RENATO MANTEGAZZA 0000-0002-9810-5737, PIA BERNASCONI 0000-0003-0869-2104, ANGELO POLETTI 0000-0002-8883-0468, SILVIA BONANNO 0000-0002-8823-6821, STEFANIA MARCUZZO 0000-0001-6893-6372.</p>
Data_Tab1_Deletion of the transcription factor Prox-1 specifically in the renal distal convoluted tubule causes hypomagnesemia via reduced expression of TRPM6 and NCC
<p>Data of Tab1 from “Deletion of the transcription factor Prox-1 specifically in the renal distal convoluted tubule causes hypomagnesemia via reduced expression of TRPM6 and NCC”</p> <p>Dataset (doi: 10.1007/s00424-020-02491-1) contains the original publication as PDF-format (10.1007_s00424-020-02491-1.pdf). Corresponding raw data obtained from LC-MS/MS analysis provided as one file in CSV format (31003A-179400_10.1007_s00424-020-02491-1_DW_4-1.csv). All further experiment related information provided as two meta-data-files (31003A-179400_10.1007_s00424-020-02491-1_DW _4-1_M_1.PDF, 31003A-179400_10.1007_s00424-020-02491-1_DW _4-1_M_2.pdf) as PDF format.</p>
Size matters, but species do not: no evidence for species-specific swimming performance in co-occurring Great Basin stream fishes
<p>For fishes, swimming performance is an important predictor of habitat use and a critical measure for the design of effective fish passage systems. Few studies have examined burst and prolonged types of swimming performance among several co-occurring species, and swimming performance in many fish communities is undocumented. In this study, we characterize both burst (c-start velocity) and prolonged speed (critical swim speed) across a poorly documented, co-occurring group of stream fishes within the Great Basin of the western USA. We documented the variation in swim speed associated with species, habitat, and body size. Body size had an overwhelming effect on both burst speed and prolonged speed, whereas habitat use, and species identity were not significant predictors. Among species, there is no evidence of a trade-off between burst swim speed and prolonged swim speed. Lack of a trade-off in performance between burst swim speed and prolonged swim speed among species may be due to unexpectedly high prolonged swim speeds exhibited by species that used substrate bracing behaviors. Incorporating body size and variation in behavior, such as substrate bracing behaviors, into fish passage models will likely be sufficient to ensure passage of all species without the need to account for species-specific swimming abilities. However, these results characterize the swimming performance for threatened and common fish species such that other comparisons can be made and species-specific studies can access accurate data.</p>
Bacterial supergroup specific 'Cost' of Wolbachia infections in Nasonia vitripennis
<p><i>Wolbachia </i>is known to alter host reproductive biology for its benefit. It also introduces both positive and negative fitness effects in the vast majority of its host population. Here we describe the effect of maintenance of <i>Wolbachia</i> infection in the parasitoid host <i>Nasonia</i> <i>vitripennis</i>. We have separated the two <i>Wolbachia</i> infections in <i>N. vitripennis</i> to get single lines of <i>Wolbachia </i>supergroup A and supergroup B. We compare the effect of <i>Wolbachia</i> infection on various life-history traits between uninfected, single A, single B, and double infection strains. Contrary to the previous reports, our results suggest that there is a "cost" associated with the maintenance of <i>Wolbachia</i> infection where traits like progeny family size, fecundity, and longevity in females, while the number of copulations performed by males is compromised in <i>Wolbachia</i> infected strains. The double infection of <i>Wolbachia</i> has more detrimental impacts on the host as compared to single infections. The findings of this study raise important questions on the mechanism of survival and maintenance of these reproductive parasites in arthropod hosts.</p>
Bioenergetic consequences of sex-specific mitochondrial DNA evolution
<p>Doubly uniparental inheritance (DUI) represents a notable exception to the general rule of strict maternal inheritance (SMI) of mitochondria in metazoans. This system entails the coexistence of two mitochondrial lineages (F- and M-type) transmitted separately through oocytes and sperm, thence providing an unprecedented opportunity for the mitochondrial genome to evolve adaptively for male functions. In this study, we explored the impact of a sex-specific mitochondrial evolution upon gamete bioenergetics of DUI and SMI bivalve species, comparing the activity of key-enzymes of glycolysis, fermentation, fatty acid metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation and antioxidant metabolism. Our findings suggest reorganized bioenergetic pathways in DUI gametes compared to SMI gametes. This generally results in a decreased enzymatic capacity in DUI sperm with respect to DUI oocytes, a limitation especially prominent at the terminus of the electron transport system. This bioenergetic remodelling fits a reproductive strategy that does not require a high energy input and could potentially link with the preservation of the paternally-transmitted mitochondrial genome in DUI species. Whether this phenotype may derive from positive or relaxed selection acting on DUI sperm is still uncertain.</p>
Age-specific fecundity under pathogenic threat in an insect: terminal investment versus reproductive restraint
<p>The terminal investment hypothesis predicts that as an organism's prospects for survival decrease, through age or when exposed to a pathogenic infection, it will invest more in reproduction, which should trade-off against somatic maintenance (including immunity) and therefore future survival. Attempts to test this hypothesis have produced mixed results, which, in addition, mainly rely on the assessment of changes in reproductive effort and often overlooking its impact on somatic defences and survival. Alternatively, animals may restrain current reproduction to sustain somatic protection, increasing the chance of surviving for additional reproductive opportunities. We tested both of these hypotheses in females of the yellow mealworm beetle, Tenebrio molitor, an iteroparous insect with reproductive tactics similar to that of long-lived organisms. To achieve this, we mimicked pathogenic bacterial infections early or late in the life of breeding females by injecting them with a suspension of inactivated Bacillus cereus, a known natural pathogen of T. molitor, and measured female age-specific fecundity, survival, body mass and immunity. Inconsistent with a terminal investment, females given either an early or late-life immune challenge did not exhibit reduced survival or enhance their reproductive output. Female fecundity declined with age and was reduced by the early but not the late immune challenge. Both early and late-life fecundity correlated positively with life expectancy. Finally, young and old females exhibited similar antibacterial immune responses, suggesting that they both restrained reproduction to sustain immunity. Our results clearly demonstrate that age-specific reproduction of T. molitor females under pathogenic threat is inconsistent with a terminal investment. In contrast, our results instead suggest that females used a reproductive restraint strategy to sustain immunity and therefore subsequent reproductive opportunities. However, as infections were mimicked only, the fitness benefit of this reproductive restraint could not be shown.</p>
Nigrostriatal dopamine signals sequence-specific action-outcome prediction errors
<p>Data for Hollon et al. (2021) Nigrostriatal dopamine signals sequence-specific action-outcome prediction errors. <em>Current Biology</em></p>
FIGURE 1 in Notes on the collection of fungus gnats left by the late Prof. Galina Petrovna Ostroverkhova with a new specific synonymy in the genus Mycetophila Meigen (Diptera: Mycetophilidae)
FIGURE 1. Mycetophila tomensis (Plotnikova, 1962). A. Syntype material on slides, designated lectotype is indicated by red arrows: 1, wings; 2, body; 3, terminalia. B. Lectotype, closer view. C. Male terminalia, dorsal view, focused on dorsal lobe of gonostylus (dl gst). D. Male terminalia, ventral view, focused on ventral lobe of gonostylus (vl gst). E. Male terminalia, ventral view, focused on ventromedial appendage of gonocoxite (vma gc).
FIGURE 3 in Brachiopods from off the San Bernardo Archipelago (Colombian Caribbean), with comments on specific synonymies in Tichosina Cooper, 1977
FIGURE 3. Scatterplot of depth of the anterior plication against the shell length for 33 complete specimens of Tichosina plicata off the San Bernardo Archipelago, Colombian Caribbean.
FIGURE 2. Brachiopods off the San Bernardo Archipelago, Colombian Caribbean. A–E. Tichosina plicata Cooper, 1977. A–D. INV BRA5 conjoined shell. A. Dorsal view. B. Lateral view. C. Ventral view. D. Anterior view. E. INV BRA6 in Brachiopods from off the San Bernardo Archipelago (Colombian Caribbean), with comments on specific synonymies in Tichosina Cooper, 1977
FIGURE 2. Brachiopods off the San Bernardo Archipelago, Colombian Caribbean. A–E. Tichosina plicata Cooper, 1977. A–D. INV BRA5 conjoined shell. A. Dorsal view. B. Lateral view. C. Ventral view. D. Anterior view. E. INV BRA6, inner view of dorsal valve showing the loop and broad transverse band. 2F–I. Terebratulina latifrons Dall, 1920. INV BRA8 conjoined shell. F. Dorsal view. G. Lateral view. H. Ventral view. I. Anterior view. 2J–K. Terebratulina cailleti Crosse, 1865. INV BRA9. J. Inner view of ventral valve. K. Inner view of dorsal valve showing the loop. L–Q. Argyrotheca barrettiana (Davidson, 1866). INV BRA7. L. Conjoined shell, dorsal view. M. Lateral view. N. Ventral view. O. Anterior view. P. Oblique inner view of ventral valve showing the depressions near to the anterior end of the ventral septum. Q. Inner view of dorsal valve. P–Q. SEM photographs. All scales 5mm.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.