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opencc-by-4.0Apr 2024View details →

Gnuplot scripts for plotting selected leaf gas exchange and morphological data of industrial hemp

Gnuplot code (scripts) for reproducing the eight figures of Sunoj et al. 2025 "Foliar gas exchange, morphology, and cannabinoid contents of three hemp varieties in southwest Texas," Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment, 8, e70101. https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.70101. Here is a list of the authors of the manuscript: John Sunoj V. S. (1), Xuejun Dong (1), Madhumita Joshi (1), Russell W. Jessup (2), Daniel I. Leskovar (1), and David D. Baltensperger (2). Texas A&M AgriLife Research at Uvalde, Texas, USA (1); Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA (2). The revised upload includes updated gnuplot scripts for reproducing Figures 2, 3, and 8, and Supplemental Figures 1-5 and Supplemental Tables 1-5 of the accepted manuscript by AGE. Code and data to reproduce Figure 2 (pnf_rev.eps): pn_dat_rev.txt, pnf_rev.txt Code and data to reproduce Figure 3 (fmf_rev.eps): fm_dat.txt, fm_rev.txt Code and data to reproduce Figure 8 (allom_1.eps): allom_1.txt, allom_data.csv

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2004View details →

Fig. 3 in Effects Of Leaf-Litter Addition On Carabid Beetles In A Non-Native Norway Spruce Plantation

Fig. 3. Seasonal dynamics of the average number of individuals per trap for the two species (± S. E.)

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2004View details →

Fig. 1 in Effects Of Leaf-Litter Addition On Carabid Beetles In A Non-Native Norway Spruce Plantation

Fig. 1. Ordination (NMDS) of the pitfall catches based on the Bray-Curtis similarity index. ¡: Traps of the control plots and l: Traps of the leaf-litter plots

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2022View details →

Fig. 6. Lasianthus caeruleus Pitard. A. Flowering branchs. B. Stipule. C. Abaxial leaf surfaces. D–E in Two new species of Lasianthus Jack (Rubiaceae) from southern Vietnam

Fig. 6. Lasianthus caeruleus Pitard. A. Flowering branchs. B. Stipule. C. Abaxial leaf surfaces. D–E. Close-up of calyces, flower buds and young fruits. F. Close-up of inflorescences and flowers. Photos by Van-Son Dang on 26 Jul. 2019.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2022View details →

Fig. 3. Lasianthus formosensis Matsumura. A. Fruiting branch. B. Stipule. C. Abaxial leaf surfaces. D in Two new species of Lasianthus Jack (Rubiaceae) from southern Vietnam

Fig. 3. Lasianthus formosensis Matsumura. A. Fruiting branch. B. Stipule. C. Abaxial leaf surfaces. D. Close-up of inflorescences and flowers. E. Fruits. Photos by Van-Son Dang on 17 Nov. 2018.

Fig. 3. A in Data On The Reproductive Biology Of The Satanic Leaf-Tailed Gecko, Uroplatus Phantasticus (Squamata, Gekkonidae), At The Bion Terrarium Center As A Contribution To Ex Situ Offspring Programs

Fig. 3. A part of all fertile eggs laid by U. phantasticus females during 2020 breeding season; incubation boxes are filled with "Seramis" medium.

Fig. 1 in Data On The Reproductive Biology Of The Satanic Leaf-Tailed Gecko, Uroplatus Phantasticus (Squamata, Gekkonidae), At The Bion Terrarium Center As A Contribution To Ex Situ Offspring Programs

Fig. 1. Laboratory for breeding stock of U. phantasticus (A) and individual breeze-like minimally equipped terrariums (B).

Fig. 5. A in Data On The Reproductive Biology Of The Satanic Leaf-Tailed Gecko, Uroplatus Phantasticus (Squamata, Gekkonidae), At The Bion Terrarium Center As A Contribution To Ex Situ Offspring Programs

Fig. 5. A total number of eggs (pcs.) obtained from U. phantasticus females by dates during 2020 breeding season.

opencc-zeroApr 2022View details →

Energetic mismatch induced by warming decreases leaf litter decomposition by aquatic detritivores

1. The balance of energetic losses and gains is of paramount importance for understanding and predicting the persistence of populations and ecosystem processes in a rapidly changing world. Previous studies suggested that metabolic rate often increases faster with warming than resource ingestion rate, leading to an energetic mismatch at high temperature. However, little is known about the ecological consequences of this energetic mismatch for population demography and ecosystem functions. 2. Here, we combined laboratory experiments and modeling to investigate the energetic balance of a stream detritivore (Gammarus fossarum) along a temperature gradient and the consequences for detritivore populations and organic matter decomposition. 3. We experimentally measured the energetic losses (metabolic rate) and supplies (ingestion rate) of Gammarus and we modeled the impact of rising temperatures and changes in Gammarus body size induced by warming on population dynamics and benthic organic matter dynamics in freshwater systems. 4. Our experimental results indicated an energetic mismatch in a Gammarus population where losses via metabolic rate increase faster than supplies via food ingestion with warming, which translated in a decrease of energetic efficiency with temperature rising from 5 to 20 °C. Moreover, our consumer-resource model predicts a decrease in the biomass of Gammarus population with warming, associated with lower maximum abundances and steeper abundance decreases after biomass annual peaks. These changes resulted in a decrease of leaf litter decomposition rate and thus longer persistence of leaf litter standing stock over years in the simulations. In addition, Gammarus body size reductions led to shorter persistence for both leaf litter and Gammarus biomasses at low temperature and the opposite trend at high temperature, revealing that body size reduction was weakening the effect of temperature on resource and consumer persistence. 5. Our model contributes to identifying the mechanisms that explain how thermal effects at the level of individuals may cascade through trophic interactions and influence important ecosystem processes. Considering the balance of physiological processes is crucial to improve our ability to predict the impact of climate change on carbon stocks and ecosystem functions.

opencc-zeroMay 2022View details →

Increases in vein length compensate for leaf area lost to lobing in grapevine

There is considerable variation in leaf lobing and leaf size, including among grapevines, some of the most well-studied leaves. We examined the relationship between leaf lobing and leaf size across grapevine populations which varied in extent of leaf lobing. We used homologous landmarking techniques to measure 2,632 leaves across two years in 476 unique, genetically distinct grapevines from 5 biparental crosses which vary primarily in the extent of lobing. We determined to what extent leaf area could explain variation in lobing, vein length, and vein to blade ratio. Although lobing was the primary source of variation in shape across the leaves we measured, leaf area varied only slightly as a function of lobing. Rather, leaf area increases as a function of total major vein length, total branching vein length, and decreases as a function of vein to blade ratio. These relationships are stronger for more highly lobed leaves, with the residuals for each model differing as a function of distal lobing. For a given leaf area, more highly lobed leaves have longer veins and higher vein to blade ratios, allowing them to maintain similar leaf areas despite increased lobing. These findings show how more highly lobed leaves may compensate for what would otherwise result in a reduced leaf area, allowing for increased photosynthetic capacity through similar leaf size.

opencc-zeroDec 2021View details →

Climate-driven thermal opportunities and risks for leaf miners in aspen canopies

In tree canopies, incoming solar radiation interacts with leaves and branches to generate temperature differences within and among leaves, presenting thermal opportunities and risks for leaf-dwelling ectotherms. Although leaf biophysics and insect thermal ecology are well understood, few studies have examined them together in single systems. We examined temperature variability in aspen canopies, Populus tremuloides, and its consequences for a common herbivore, the leaf-mining caterpillar Phyllocnistis populiella. We shaded leaves in the field and measured effects on leaf temperature and larval growth and survival. We also estimated larval thermal performance curves for feeding and growth and measured upper lethal temperatures. Sunlit leaves directly facing the incoming rays reached the highest temperatures, typically 3 – 8 °C above ambient air temperature. Irradiance driven increases in temperatures, however, were transient enough that they did not alter observed growth rates of leaf miners. Incubator and ramping experiments suggested that larval performance peaks between 25 and 32 °C and declines to zero between 35 and 40 °C, depending on duration of temperature exposure. Upper lethal temperatures during one-hour heat shocks were 42 – 43 °C. When larvae were active in early spring, temperatures generally were low enough to depress rates of feeding and growth below their maxima, and only rarely did estimated mine temperatures rise beyond optimal temperatures. Observed leaf or mine temperatures never approached larval upper lethal temperatures. At this site during our experiments, larvae thus appeared to have a significant thermal safety margin; the more pressing problem was inadequate heat. Detailed information on mine temperatures and larval performance curves, however, allowed us to leverage long-term data sets on air temperature to estimate potential future shifts in performance and longer-term risks to larvae from lethally high temperatures. This analysis suggests that, in the past 20 years, larval performance has often been limited by cold and that the risk of heat stress has been low. Future warming will raise mean rates of feeding and growth but also the risk of exposure to injuriously or lethally high temperatures.

opencc-zeroJun 2022View details →

Data from: Plant richness, land use and temperature differently shape invertebrate leaf-chewing herbivory on plant functional groups

Nutrient demands of leaf-chewing invertebrate herbivores change with temperature, which causes shifts in herbivores' diets. Temperature may act differently on herbivore species, so that factors shaping herbivore species richness may modulate temperature effects on invertebrate herbivory among plant functional groups with different nutrient composition (C:N ratio low to high: legumes, non-leguminous forbs, grasses). Global warming urges a deeper understanding of temperature effects on herbivory among plant functional groups in different habitats and landscapes. This study obtained measures on proportional leaf area loss to leaf-chewing invertebrate herbivores ('herbivory') on three plant functional groups on 80 plots of open herbaceous vegetation adjacent to different habitat types (forest, grassland, arable field, settlement) along climate and land-use gradients in Bavaria, Germany. Herbivory was analysed with regard to habitat characteristics (habitat type, plant richness at species and family level, local mean temperature), landscape characteristics (proportion of grassland, landscape diversity; 0.2–3.0-km), climate (multi-annual mean temperature, 'MAT') and interactive effects of plant functional group, temperature and habitat or landscape characteristics. Herbivory on plant functional groups changed differently in response to plant richness (family level only) and habitat type, but not to differences in landscape characteristics and temperature – only on grassland plots, multi-annual mean temperature differentially affected herbivory among plant functional groups. Thus, abiotic and biotic factors can differently affect leaf-chewing herbivory on plant functional groups. Under current conditions, plant richness and habitat type more strongly affected herbivory among legumes, forbs and grasses than temperature and landscape-scale land use.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

Cross-site Canopy Leaf Temperature and associated Environmental Data

This dataset includes canopy leaf temperature along with meteorology, flux, and radiation data from 6 forest sites in North and Central America. Canopy temperature (Tcan) data are based on thermal images to understand how Tcan varies with Tair and with environmental conditions. Importantly, these measurements span multiple growing seasons and are near-continuous in nature, as they were collected by thermal cameras mounted on eddy covariance towers that also measured a wide range of co-located environmental variables, including Tair, relative humidity, wind speed and direction, short- and long wave radiation, soil moisture and temperature, and ecosystem-atmosphere exchanges of CO2, H2O, and energy. We necessarily averaged multiple leaves in each region of interest at each site, and we then averaged multiple thermal images into hourly data, so some extremes in Tcan are not captured.

Unpublished data on leaf rust infection and herbivory in willow plantations

The data were collected during 2015 and 2018 within ~20 willow plantations in the Uppsala area, Sweden. I neither found the time nor research funding to use the data in a scientific publication or otherwise. The data from 2015 also offer canopy openness and vegetation cover within the willow short rotation plantations. The data from 2018 also included the establishment of plots for measuring stem diameter that were intended to be measures again. An associated data set (10.5281/zenodo.6995718) consist of similar estimation on willow bushes in Europe.

Unpublished data on leaf rust infection, leaf galls, and herbivory on willow in Europe

The data were collected between 2016 and 2022 in sites between southern Germany and Middle Sweden. I neither found the time nor research funding to use the data in a scientific publication or otherwise. In total 654 samples are available that record the occurrence of leaf rust, leaf galls, percent herbivory, and plant size. An associated data set (10.5281/zenodo.6992488) consist of similar estimation on willow bushes in willow plantations in the Uppsala area, Sweden.

Data and analysis script to support "Multi-site analysis of sequence in leaf-out and flowering reveals evidence of local adaptation"

Data files and R script used to download and analyze plant leaf-out and flowering observations maintained by the USA National Phenology Network to evaluate the consistency of leaf-out and flowering among species pairs over multiple years.

Unpublished data on predation on leaf beetle eggs in willow bushes

The data were collected during field experiments in 2012 and 2014 in the Uppsala area, Sweden. I neither found the time nor research funding to use the data in a scientific publication or otherwise. In both field seasons the predation on leaf beetle eggs on willow bushes/plants was measured. Additionally, in 2012 the insect diversity on the bushes was sampled.

Figure 3 in On the perception of leaf morphology and visible light byTetranychus urticae Koch (Acariformes, Tetranychidae)

Figure 3 Distribution of Tetranychus urticae females (A) and daily oviposition rate (B) on bean leaves: A1, B1 (BNI); A2, B2 (BNS); A3, B3

Figure 2 in On the perception of leaf morphology and visible light byTetranychus urticae Koch (Acariformes, Tetranychidae)

Figure 2 Survival (squares) and oviposition rate (circles) of Tetranychus urticae females fed on adaxial (AdSU-open squares and circles) or abaxial (AbSU-closed squares and circles) surface of bean (A) and lemon (B) leaves. Different letters denote significant differences (P<0.05)

Figure 1 A in On the perception of leaf morphology and visible light byTetranychus urticae Koch (Acariformes, Tetranychidae)

Figure 1 A diagram of experimental device used to hold the host plant leaves in the choice experiment, and the setup of four treatments for each host plant types: a mated female was placed on: (1) the illuminated-surface of a natural-orientated leaf of bean (BNI) or lemon (LNI), (2) the shaded-surface of a natural-orientated leaf of bean (BNS) or lemon (LNS), (3) the illuminated-surface of a reverse-orientated leaf of bean (BRI) or lemon (LRI), and (4) the shaded-surface of a reverse-orientated leaf of bean (BRS) or lemon (LRS).