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4,404 results for “digits”
Data from: The location of the citation: changing practices in how publications cite original data in the Dryad Digital Repository
While stakeholders in scholarly communication generally agree on the importance of data citation, there is not consensus on where those citations should be placed within the publication – particularly when the publication is citing original data. Recently, CrossRef and the Digital Curation Center (DCC) have recommended as a best practice that original data citations appear in the works cited sections of the article. In some fields, such as the life sciences, this contrasts with the common practice of only listing data identifier(s) within the article body (intratextually). We inquired whether data citation practice has been changing in light of the guidance from CrossRef and the DCC. We examined data citation practices from 2011 to 2014 in a corpus of 1,125 articles associated with original data in the Dryad Digital Repository. The percentage of articles that include no reference to the original data has declined each year, from 31% in 2011 to 15% in 2014. The percentage of articles that include data identifiers intratextually has grown from 69% to 83%, while the percentage that cite data in the works cited section has grown from 5% to 8%. If the proportions continue to grow at the current rate of 19-20% annually, the proportion of articles with data citations in the works cited section will not exceed 90% until 2030.
Data from: Digital gene expression analyses of mammary glands from meat ewes naturally infected with clinical mastitis
Clinical mastitis in sheep has gravely restrained production performance for a long time. Knowledge of mechanisms of its pathogenesis and resistance in meat sheep mammary gland with clinical mastitis are not yet understood, especially for clinical mastitis caused by natural infection. In this work, RNA-seq was firstly used to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in clinical mastitic mammary tissues (CMMTs) as compared to healthy mammary tissues (HMTs) from meat sheep flocks. We identified 420 DEGs including 316 up-regulated and 104 down-regulated genes in CMMTs. Gene Ontology annotation revealed these DEGs were mainly engaged in immune response, inflammation response, etc. Pathway enrichment showed they were primarily enriched in pathways relevant to inflammation, immune response and metabolism. Alternative splicing analysis showed most common differential splicing genes (DSGs) in CMMTs and HMTs were implicated in immune response. Immunostaining for two immune response-related proteins encoded by DEGs were mainly observed in mammary epithelium between CMMTs and HMTs, and their positive signals were more intensive in CMMTs. These findings provide experimental basis and reference for further researching the molecular genetic mechanisms particularly immune defense mechanisms of mammary gland in clinical ovine mastitis.
Data from: Ontogeny tends to recapitulate phylogeny in digital organisms
Biologists have long debated whether ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny and, if so, why. Two plausible explanations are that (i) changes to early developmental stages are selected against because they tend to disrupt later development and (ii) simpler structures often precede more complex ones in both ontogeny and phylogeny if the former serve as building blocks for the latter. It is difficult to test these hypotheses experimentally in natural systems, so we used a computational system that exhibits evolutionary dynamics. We observed that ontogeny does indeed recapitulate phylogeny; traits that arose earlier in a lineage's history also tended to be expressed earlier in the development of individuals. The relative complexity of traits contributed substantially to this correlation, but a significant tendency toward recapitulation remained even after accounting for trait complexity. This additional effect provides evidence that selection against developmental disruption also contributed to the conservation of early stages in development.
Data from: Digit ratio (2D:4D) and prosocial behavior in economic games: no direct correlation with generosity, bargaining, or trust-related behaviors
Prenatal exposure to sex hormones exerts organizational effects on the brain which have observable behavioral correlates in adult life. There are reasons to expect that social behaviors—fundamental for the evolutionary success of humans—might be related to biological factors such as prenatal sex hormone exposure. Nevertheless, the existing literature is inconclusive as to whether and how prenatal exposure to testosterone and estrogen, proxied by the second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D:4D), may predict non-selfish behavior. Here, we investigate this question using economic experiments with real monetary stakes and analyze five different dimensions of social behavior in a comparatively large sample of Caucasian participants (n=560). For both males and females, our results show no robust association between right- or left-hand 2D:4D and generosity, bargaining, or trust-related behaviors. Moreover, no differences in behavior were found according to sex. We conclude that there is no direct correlation between 2D:4D and these social behaviors.
Data from: A survey of digitized data from U.S. fish collections in the iDigBio data aggregator
Recent changes in institutional cyberinfrastructure and collections data storage methods have dramatically improved accessibility of specimen-based data through the use of digital databases and data aggregators. This analysis of digitized fish collections in the U.S. demonstrates how information from data aggregators, in this case iDigBio, can be extracted and analyzed. Data from U.S. institutional fish collections in iDigBio were explored through a strictly programmatic approach using the ridigbio package and fishfindR web application. iDigBio facilitates the aggregation of collections data on a purely voluntary fashion that requires collection staff to consent to sharing of their data. Not all collections are sharing their data with iDigBio, but the data harvested from 38 of the 143 known fish collections in the U.S. that are in iDigBio account for the majority of fish specimens housed in U.S. collections. In the 22 years since publication of the last survey providing information on these 38 collections, 1,219,168 specimen records (lots), 15,225,744 specimens, 3,192 primary types, and 32,868 records of secondary types have been added. This is an increase of 65.1% in the number of cataloged records and an increase of 56.1% in the number of specimens. In addition to providing specimen-based data for research, education, and various outreach activities, data that are accessible via data aggregators can be used to develop accurate, up-to-date reports of information on institutional collections. Such reports present collections data in an organized and accessible fashion and can guide targeted efforts by collections personnel to meet discipline-specific needs and make data more transparent to downstream users. Data from this survey will be updated and published regularly in a dynamic web application that will aid collections staff in communicating collections value while simultaneously giving stakeholders a way to explore collections holdings as they relate to the institutions in which they are housed. It is through this resource that collections will be able to leverage their data against those of similar collections to aid in the procurement of financial and institutional support.
Data from: An Avida-ED digital evolution curriculum for undergraduate biology
We present an inquiry-based curriculum based on the digital evolution platform Avida-ED (http://avida-ed.msu.edu). We designed an instructional sequence and lab book consisting of an introduction to Avida-ED and a set of three lessons focused on specific evolutionary concepts. These served to familiarize students with experimental evolution and Avida-ED. Students then developed independent Avida-ED research projects to test their own questions. Curriculum design and implementation occurred over the course or two semesters, with a pilot implementation in the first semester, followed by curriculum revision and full implementation in the second semester. The curriculum was implemented in an undergraduate Introductory Cell and Molecular Biology course at a major research university. Full implementation of the curriculum in semester two involved the use of Avida-ED mainly in the teaching lab in parallel with a bacterial antibiotic resistance experimental research stream, allowing students to draw connections between Avidian digital evolution and the evolution of antibiotic resistance in microbial populations. After carrying out the introductory exercises, students developed independent Avida-ED projects to test their own research questions, and presented their data to researchers in the NSF-funded BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action. Preliminary results of our studies to assess the impacts of an Avida-ED curriculum indicate a positive effect on student learning of evolutionary concepts, particularly in increasing the level of complexity of student explanations about the random nature of mutation.
Data from: A versatile pipeline for the multi-scale digital reconstruction and quantitative analysis of 3D tissue architecture
A prerequisite for the systems biology analysis of tissues is an accurate digital three-dimensional reconstruction of tissue structure based on images of markers covering multiple scales. Here, we designed a flexible pipeline for the multi-scale reconstruction and quantitative morphological analysis of tissue architecture from microscopy images. Our pipeline includes newly developed algorithms that address specific challenges of thick dense tissue reconstruction. Our implementation allows for a flexible workflow, scalable to high-throughput analysis and applicable to various mammalian tissues. We applied it to the analysis of liver tissue and extracted quantitative parameters of sinusoids, bile canaliculi and cell shapes, recognizing different liver cell types with high accuracy. Using our platform, we uncovered an unexpected zonation pattern of hepatocytes with different size, nuclei and DNA content, thus revealing new features of liver tissue organization. The pipeline also proved effective to analyse lung and kidney tissue, demonstrating its generality and robustness.
Data from: Reconstructing the past: methods and techniques for the digital restoration of fossils
During fossilization, the remains of extinct organisms are subjected to taphonomic and diagenetic processes. As a result, fossils show a variety of preservational artefacts, which can range from small breaks and cracks, disarticulation and fragmentation, to the loss and deformation of skeletal structures and other hard parts. Such artefacts can present a considerable problem, as the preserved morphology of fossils often forms the basis for palaeontological research. Phylogenetic and taxonomic studies, inferences on appearance, ecology and behaviour and functional analyses of fossil organisms strongly rely on morphological information. As a consequence, the restoration of fossil morphology is often a necessary prerequisite for further analyses. Facilitated by recent computational advances, virtual reconstruction and restoration techniques offer versatile tools to restore the original morphology of fossils. Different methodological steps and approaches, as well as software are outlined and reviewed here, and advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Although the complexity of the restorative processes can introduce a degree of interpretation, digitally restored fossils can provide useful morphological information and can be used to obtain functional estimates. Additionally, the digital nature of the restored models can open up possibilities for education and outreach and further research.
PROSPECTS OF INTRODUCING DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES TO THE TAX SYSTEM IN THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
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Dataset for Digital Twin Driven Smart Manufacture paper
<p>Description for each profile:</p><ol><li>1) "1. Real-time testing of the data collection system" is the consumption time of collection and transmission of high-frequency data from edge sensors to the fog sever.</li><li>2) "2. Response time testing of multi-user data queries for data management system" is the write response time of HBase-module and Redis-module to receive data from fog sever.</li><li>3) "3. Interface response time testing for data management system" shows the test results of four scenarios in which the multi-user login system sends data query requests to the back-end interface.</li></ol>
Overcoming Digital Divide Between Europe and Southeast Asia, EU Project, References Dataset Part1
<p>This reference list contains publications and data sets concerning the state of digitalization and digital divide in Europe and Southeast Asia including factors affecting it. Research was carried out</p><p>The creation of this list is the result of a review of literature and databases as part of the implementation by the Krakow University of Economics of tasks resulting from Task Package no. 1 included in the ODDEA project</p><p>In the "ODDEA" project some Work Packages were prepared. In Work Package no 1, which is called "<i>The state-of-the-art analysis of the underlying factors of the digital divide within the EU and within the Southeast Asia</i>", the main objective was defined as: "To provide an overview of the literature and existing indicators on the state of digitalization and digital divide in Europe and Southeast Asia including factors affecting it". </p><p>This task is based on the literature review and on the qualitative analysis of recently published indicators (e.g., EIBIS, 2021, CIS of Eurostat, World Bank enterprise dataset) and other relevant country based surveys. This analysis will enable to identify possible economic, social, political, and technological factors that may explain the digital divide in the EU and in the Southeast Asia and formulate relevant hypotheses for individual EU countries, groups/clusters, the European Union as a whole and the Southeast Asia and project countries in that region. A deeper analysis of these clusters will also help to identify any idiosyncratic features that these countries share regarding the use of digital technologies, which will be used in the empirical study implemented within subsequent WPs. </p><p>Adopting the assumptions and objective presented in WP1, appropriate identification was made in the scope of the Literature Review in the relation to the Polish economy as a member of the European Union (EU). </p><p>Because two partners in ODDEA were from Poland – it means AGH University and Krakow University of Economics, the division of the collected bibliography into specific databases between these research centres was developed. The Krakow University of Economics was responsible for finding relevant literature from the following databases:</p><ol><li>Statistics Poland</li><li>EBSCOhost (Polish language only)</li><li>INFONA </li><li>Legalis (CH Beck) </li><li>Lex Informator prawno-gospodarczy (Legal and economic guide)</li><li>ORBIS </li><li>SWAiD Platforma Analityczna (Analitical Platform of Statistics Poland)</li></ol><p>The preparation of the ODDEA domestic literature database (in this example for Poland) is an important component of the implementation of the objective under WP1 of this project.</p><p> </p>
PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITAL ECONOMY IN OUR COUNTRY.
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SAFEGUARDING THE DIGITAL FRONTIER: EXPLORING MODERN CYBERSECURITY METHODS
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Spoken_audio_digits
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Publications on Digitalization in EU indexed in Scopus
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THE USE OF MODERN TECHNOLOGIES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITAL COMPETENCIES OF STUDENTS
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DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES TO POST OFFICE
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WORLD IN CREATING DIGITAL PLATFORMS USING EXPERIENCE
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Cybercrime and Online Safety: Addressing the Challenges and Solutions Related to Cybercrime, Online Fraud, and Ensuring a Safe Digital Environment for All Users— A Case of African States
<h3><strong>Abstract</strong></h3><p>The internet has made the world more linked than ever before. While taking advantage of this online transition, cybercriminals target flaws in online systems, networks, and infrastructure. Businesses, government organizations, people, and communities all across the world, particularly in African countries, are all severely impacted on an economic and social level. Many African countries focused more on developing secure electricity and internet networks; yet, cybersecurity usually receives less attention than it should. One of Africa's major issues is the lack of adequate digital security infrastructure, which has harmed businesses, governmental institutions, and individual communities more than it has helped. The majority of African countries operate without cybersecurity measures in place to combat cyberattacks. Only a few examples of today's cyber risks include digital extortion, business email intrusion, data breaches, online fraud, ransomware, and phishing, and new types of cybercrime are always developing. Due to the advent of new technology, cybercriminals have become more organized and quicker in their attacks and alliance creation. To maintain a secure digital environment for all internet users, this study focused on the challenges, solutions, and need for African countries to improve their online safety by tackling cybercrime, online fraud, and cybersecurity concerns. The objective of this study is to offer practical and long-term answers to the problems posed by cybercrime, with a continuing emphasis on enhancing online safety. It will assess the effectiveness of cutting-edge cybersecurity measures, legislative frameworks, and cross-border cooperative efforts, as well as potential areas for improvement. Additionally, the study will examine cutting-edge methods like blockchain technology, machine learning, and other cutting-edge methods that could improve our using digital defences to stop cybercrime.</p>
Supplementary material 1 from: Thanayutsiri T, Charoenying T, Patrojanasophon P, Pamornpathomkul B, Opanasopit P, Ngawhirunpat T, Rojanarata T (2023) Facile, sensitive and reagent-saving smartphone-based digital image colorimetric assay of captopril tablets enabled by long-pathlength RGB acquisition. Pharmacia 70(4): 1511-1519. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.70.e114927
Supplementary data
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.