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FIGURE 3 in The immature stages of Phylloicus obliquus Navás, 1931 (Insecta: Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae)
FIGURE 3. Phylloicus obliquus Navás 1931, larva. 3A, habitus, right lateral; 3B, abdominal sclerite I, ventral; 3C, right anal proleg, right lateral; 3D, case, dorsal.
Dataset related to article "Intracerebral Injection of Extracellular Vesicles from Mesenchymal Stem Cells Exerts Reduced Aβ Plaque Burden in Early Stages of a Preclinical Model of Alzheimer's Disease."
<p>Bone marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BM-MSCs), due to their strong protective and anti-inflammatory abilities, have been widely investigated in the context of several diseases for their possible therapeutic role, based on the release of a highly proactive secretome composed of soluble factors and Extracellular Vesicles (EVs). BM-MSC-EVs, in particular, convey many of the beneficial features of parental cells, including direct and indirect β-amyloid degrading-activities, immunoregulatory and neurotrophic abilities. Therefore, EVs represent an extremely attractive tool for therapeutic purposes in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). We examined the therapeutic potential of BM-MSC-EVs injected intracerebrally into the neocortex of APPswe/PS1dE9 AD mice at 3 and 5 months of age, a time window in which the cognitive behavioral phenotype is not yet detectable or has just started to appear. We demonstrate that BM-MSC-EVs are effective at reducing the Aβ plaque burden and the amount of dystrophic neurites in both the cortex and hippocampus. The presence of Neprilysin on BM-MSC-EVs, opens the possibility of a direct β-amyloid degrading action. Our results indicate a potential role for BM-MSC-EVs already in the early stages of AD, suggesting the possibility of intervening before overt clinical manifestations.</p>
FIGURES 16–23 in Immature stages of Murgantia histrionica (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)
FIGURES 16–23. First instar of Murgantia histrionica under scanning electron microscopy. 16, last antennal article; 17, detail of the last antennal article showing three types of sensilla; 18, foretibial apparatus; 19, foretibial comb; 20, dorsal abdominal scent gland on 3rd abdominal segment; 21, dorsal abdominal scent gland on 4th abdominal segment; 22, spiracle and trichobothrium on the 6th abdominal segment; 23, sculpturing of the ventral plate of the 6th abdominal segment. Scale bars = 100, 20, 20, 20, 10, 20, 100, and 10 µm, respectively.
FIGURES 11–15 in Immature stages of Murgantia histrionica (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)
FIGURES 11–15. Dorsal view of nymphs of Murgantia histrionica. 11, first instar; 12, second instar; 13, third instar; 14, fourth instar; 15, fifth instar. Scale bars = 1 mm.
FIGURES 24–31 in Immature stages of Murgantia histrionica (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)
FIGURES 24–31. Fifth instar of Murgantia histrionica under scanning electron microscopy. 24, last antennal article; 25, detail of the last antennal article showing three types of sensilla; 26, foretibial apparatus; 27, foretibial comb; 28, dorsal abdominal scent gland on 3rd abdominal segment; 29, dorsal abdominal scent gland on 4th abdominal segment; 30, spiracle and trichobothrium on the 6th abdominal segment; 31, sculpturing of the ventral plate of the 6th abdominal segment. Scale bars = 200, 10, 100, 100, 100, 100, 200, and 10 µm, respectively.
FIGURE 2 in Description of two new species of Polypedilum (Asheum) and immature stages of Polypedilum (A.) curticaudatum (Diptera: Chironomidae)
FIGURE 2. Polypedilum (Asheum) mayrahu sp. n., adult male. A, tergite IX and dorsal aspect of left gonocoxite and gonostylus. B, hypopygium with tergite IX removed, left dorsal aspect, right ventral aspect.
Figure 3 in Dinosaur Census Reveals Abundant Tyrannosaurus and Rare Ontogenetic Stages in the Upper Cretaceous Hell Creek Formation (Maastrichtian), Montana, USA
Figure 3. Tyrannosaurus (MOR 1125, ''B-rex'') teeth from the lower jaw of this medium-sized skeleton illustrate the extreme range in overall tooth size within one individual. A. A smaller posterior tooth from position #14 from the front of the jaw. B. A larger tooth from position #4 in the same jaw. This demonstrates why shed dinosaur teeth are not a reliable indicator of relative skeletal size and ontogenetic age. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0016574.g003
FIGURE 4 in Morphology of immature stages of Pyrearinus pumilus (Candèze, 1863) (Coleoptera: Elateridae: Pyrophorini): the click beetle responsible for the luminous canga caves in the state of Pará, Brazil
FIGURE 4. Diagnostic features of the known larvae of Pyrearinus pumilus species group. (A–F) dorsal view of head and abdominal apex, respectively: (A, B) P. pumilus; (C, D) P. termitilluminans, (E, F) P. fragilis.
FIGURE 1 in Morphology of immature stages of Pyrearinus pumilus (Candèze, 1863) (Coleoptera: Elateridae: Pyrophorini): the click beetle responsible for the luminous canga caves in the state of Pará, Brazil
FIGURE 1. Dorsal habitus of the adults of Pyrearinus pumilus species group. (A–F) males: (A) P. termitilluminans, (B) P. fragilis, (C) P. vitticollis, (D) P. flatus, (E) P. scintillula, (F) P. pumilus. (G) female of P. pumilus.
FIGURE 3 in Morphology of immature stages of Pyrearinus pumilus (Candèze, 1863) (Coleoptera: Elateridae: Pyrophorini): the click beetle responsible for the luminous canga caves in the state of Pará, Brazil
FIGURE 3. Morphology of Pyrearinus pumilus mature larva. (A) habitus, dorsal view, (B, C) head (dorsal and ventral view, respectively), (D) maxillolabial complex (ventral view); (E, F) left antenna (dorsal and ventral view, respectively), (G–I) left mandible (dorsal, lateral and ventral view, respectively), (J) left galea (ventral view), (K) anterior leg (lateral view), (L) abdominal segment IX (dorsal view), (M) abdominal segments IX and X (lateral view).
FIGURE 5 in Morphology of immature stages of Pyrearinus pumilus (Candèze, 1863) (Coleoptera: Elateridae: Pyrophorini): the click beetle responsible for the luminous canga caves in the state of Pará, Brazil
FIGURE 5. Bioluminescence of Pyrearinus pumilus immatures. (A, B) mature larvae (dorsal view); (C, D) pupa (ventral and dorsal view, respectively).
BecomingLTi - Dataset : RNA-seq from Embryo Periphery and Fetal Liver at stage 13.5 and Single-cell RNA-seq for Embryo Periphery at stage 13.5 and 14.5
<p><strong>Dataset from article</strong> : Distinct waves from the hemogenic endothelium give rise to layered Lymphoid Tissue Inducer cell ontogeny</p> <p><strong>Summary:</strong> During embryogenesis Lymphoid Tissue Inducer (LTi) cells are essential for lymph node organogenesis. These cells are part of the Innate Lymphoid Cell (ILC) family. Although their earliest embryonic hematopoietic origin is unclear, other innate immune cells were shown to be derived from both early hemogenic endothelium in the yolk-sac as well as the aorta-gonad-mesonephros. A proper model to discriminate between these locations was unavailable. In this study, using a new Cxcr4-CreERT2 lineage tracing model, we identify a major contribution from embryonic hemogenic endothelium, but not yolk-sac, towards the LTi progenitors. Conversely, embryonic LTi cells are replaced by hematopoietic stem cell derived cells in adult. We further show that within the fetal liver common lymphoid progenitors differentiate into highly dynamic alpha-lymphoid precursor cells, which at this embryonic stage preferentially mature into LTi precursors and establish their functional LTi cell identity only after reaching the periphery.</p> <p><strong>Data </strong>:</p> <p>1. SPlab_BecomingLTi_Bulk_Stage13.5_2tissues_00_RawData : Bulk RNA-seq data for Mouse Embryo Periphery and Fetal Liver at Stage 13.5. It contains matrix of gene expression counts for each sample in the dataset</p> <p>2. SPlab_BecomingLTi_Stage13.5_Periphery_CellRangerV3_00_RawData : Single-cell RNA-seq data for Mouse Embryo Periphery at stage 13.5. It contains the full output of CellRanger count (v3) analysis.</p> <p>3. SPlab_BecomingLTi_Stage14.5_Periphery_CellRangerV3_00_RawData : Single-cell RNA-seq data for Mouse Embryo Periphery at stage 14.5. It contains the full output of CellRanger count (v3) analysis.</p>
Becoming LTi - Dataset : Single-cell RNA-seq of Embryo Fetal Liver tissue at stage 13.5 days
<p><strong>Dataset from article</strong> : Distinct waves from the hemogenic endothelium give rise to layered Lymphoid Tissue Inducer cell ontogeny</p> <p><strong>Summary:</strong> During embryogenesis Lymphoid Tissue Inducer (LTi) cells are essential for lymph node organogenesis. These cells are part of the Innate Lymphoid Cell (ILC) family. Although their earliest embryonic hematopoietic origin is unclear, other innate immune cells were shown to be derived from both early hemogenic endothelium in the yolk-sac as well as the aorta-gonad-mesonephros. A proper model to discriminate between these locations was unavailable. In this study, using a new Cxcr4-CreERT2 lineage tracing model, we identify a major contribution from embryonic hemogenic endothelium, but not yolk-sac, towards the LTi progenitors. Conversely, embryonic LTi cells are replaced by hematopoietic stem cell derived cells in adult. We further show that within the fetal liver common lymphoid progenitors differentiate into highly dynamic alpha-lymphoid precursor cells, which at this embryonic stage preferentially mature into LTi precursors and establish their functional LTi cell identity only after reaching the periphery.</p> <p><strong>Data </strong>:</p> <p>1. SPlab_BecomingLTi_Stage13.5_FetalLiver_00_RawData : Single-cell RNA-seq data for Mouse Embryo Fetal Liver at stage 13.5. It contains the full output of CellRanger count (v3) analysis.</p>
Data from: Stage- and thermal-specific genetic architecture for preadult viability in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster
Studying the processes affecting variation for preadult viability is essential to understand the evolutionary trajectories followed by natural populations. This task requires focusing on the complex nature of the phenotype-genotype relationship by taking into account usually neglected aspects of the phenotype and recognizing the modularity between different ontogenetic stages. Here we describe phenotypic variability for viability during the larval and pupal stages in lines derived from three natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster, as well as the variability for phenotypic plasticity and canalization at two different rearing temperatures. The observed phenotypic differences between populations can be attributed both to adaptation to environmental conditions and lack of gene flow between them. According to our results, different aspects of the phenotype (means, plasticity, canalization, plasticity of canalization) are affected by different genetic bases underlying changes in viability in a stage- and environment-specific manner. These findings explain the generalized maintenance of genetic variability for this fitness trait.
Post-embryonic development of Fritzolenellus suggests the ancestral morphology of the early developmental stages in Trilobita
<p>Trilobite development has been intensively explored during past decades, but information about ancestral character combinations in the early developmental stages of trilobites remains virtually unknown. Trilobites of the superfamily Olenelloidea are one of the earliest diverging groups. Study of their development coupled with the development of other early diverging trilobite groups can provide crucial information about the ancestral morphology of trilobite early stages. Herein we describe numerous well-preserved specimens of the olenelloid trilobite <em>Fritzolenellus lapworthi</em>. The earliest stages have circular cephala bearing intergenal spines and lacking genal spines. During subsequent development, morphological changes comprise the modification of the cephalic shape from circular to semi-circular, expansion of LA, gradual shortening of intergenal spines and origin and prolongation of genal spines. Trunk development of <em>Fritzolenellus</em> suggest that the development of macropleurae and macrospines are two independent processes and that origin of the opistotrunk is linked with the onset of phase 5 of cephalic development. The morphology of the early developmental stages of <em>Fritzolenellus</em> and some related taxa differs in many aspects from the morphology of equivalent stages of some other members of Olenelloidea. Consequently, two basic morphotypes are recognized during the early development of Olenelloidea – the <em>Fritzolenellus</em> and the <em>Olenellus</em> morphotypes. Comparison with Fallotaspidoidea and Redlichiina reveals that early developmental stages of these taxa share character combinations that are typical for <em>Fritzolenellus</em> morphotype. Such a comparison suggests that characters defining <em>Fritzolenellus</em> morphotype are ancestral for Trilobita. The <em>Olenellus</em> morphotype is likely a derived condition within Olenelloidea and might be related to predator deterrence.</p>
Data from: Metabarcoding on planktonic larval stages: an efficient approach for detecting and investigating life cycle dynamics of benthic aliens
High-throughput sequencing (HTS) technologies offer new promise to support surveillance programs targeting marine non-indigenous species (NIS). Metabarcoding might surpass traditional monitoring methods, for example through its ability to detect rare species, a key feature in early detection of NIS. Another interest of this approach is the identification of organisms difficult to identify based on morphology only (e.g., early developmental stages), making it relevant in the context of management programs. Because many marine benthic NIS have a bi-phasic bentho-pelagic life cycle, targeting their pelagic larval stages in zooplankton may allow early detection and assessment of their establishment and potential spread. We illustrate this approach with an analysis of bulk-DNA retrieved from a time-series of zooplankton samples collected over 22 months in one bay in Brittany (France). Using HTS of amplicons obtained with two markers (COI and 18S) and a metabarcoding approach, 12 NIS were identified and their temporal larval dynamics were monitored. Importantly, we chose to focus on a closed list of species, from four metazoan classes encompassing 52 NIS reported within the study area or nearby seas, with molecular references available or obtained locally for 42 of them. The use of a custom-designed database allowed the detection of three NIS otherwise not detected when using public databases. Interestingly, NIS known to have a short-lived larval stage were detected (e.g., the bryozoan Bugula neritina or the tunicate Corella eumyota). For two molluscs Ruditapes philippinarum and Crepidula fornicata, metabarcoding results were compared to those obtained using traditional methods (i.e., barcoding of individual larvae and morphology, respectively) to show the reliability of the approach in detecting and assessing the extent of their reproductive periods. Our results also revealed that the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, a notorious invasive species, failed to reproduce in the study bay, showing that metabarcoding on larval stages also provides information regarding the establishment success (or failure) of NIS. While metabarcoding has its limitations and biases, this study demonstrates its effectiveness for surveillance of targeted NIS, notably to support management strategies like the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD).
Data offspring performance following two-donor crosses at different floral stages and with different competitor types in greenhouse studies of Collinsia heterophylla
<p>Data on two offspring performance traits (seeds per capsule and flower number) in greenhouse studies of Collinsia heterophylla to investigate indirect benefits of mate choice. We performed two-donor pollinations during successive floral stages and with different competitor types (outcross and self) to assess how stigma receptivity and two pollen traits known to affect siring success influence offspring performance. We also investigated the link between seed production in mothers and offspring as an indication of heritability of this trait, and differential resource allocation by studying the influence of sibling performance in the same capsule.</p>
FIGURE 7 in Comparative morphology of myrmecophilous immature stages of European Microdon species (Diptera: Syrphidae): updated identification key and new diagnostic characters
FIGURE 7. Dorsal reticulation of third instar larvae of M. myrmicae (A, B), M. analis (C, D) and M. devius (E, F); left, general view; right, detail of single reticulation processes. A = 400 µm; B = 50 µm; C, E = 500 µm; D = 100 µm; F = 200 µm.
FIGURE 6 in Morphological descriptions of the larval and first juvenile stages of the decorator crab Camposcia retusa (Latreille, 1829) from laboratory-reared material
FIGURE 6. Camposcia retusa first crab: A) maxilliped III; B) sternum; C)–G) pereiopods 1–5; H) pleopods 1–5; and I) pleon and telson (dorsal view). Scale bars: A, H and I: 150 µm; B–G: 300 µm.
FIGURE 4 in Morphological descriptions of the larval and first juvenile stages of the decorator crab Camposcia retusa (Latreille, 1829) from laboratory-reared material
FIGURE 4. Camposcia retusa megalopa: A–E) pereiopods 1–5; F) sternum; G)–J) pleopods 1–5; and K) pleon, telson and uropods (dorsal view). Scale bars: A–E and G–K: 150 µm; F: 300 µm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.