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Infection success data from experimental pairings of cane toad hosts and lungworm parasites
<p>By imposing novel selection pressures on both participants, biological invasions can disrupt evolutionary "arms races" between hosts and parasites. A spatially replicated cross-infection experiment reveals strong divergence in the ability of lungworms (<em>Rhabdias pseudosphaerocephala</em>) to infect invasive cane toads (<em>Rhinella marina</em>) in Australia. In areas colonised for > 20 years, toads are more resistant to infection by local strains of parasites than by allopatric strains. The situation reverses at the invasion front, where super-infective parasites have evolved. Invasion-induced shifts in genetic diversity and selective pressures may explain why hosts win the arms race in long-colonised areas whereas parasites win the arms race at the invasion front.</p>
Dataset for "Cascading effects of mammal host community composition on tick vector occurrence at the urban human-wildlife interface"
<p>Dataset for the following paper:</p> <p><strong>Cascading effects of mammal host community composition on tick vector occurrence at the urban human-wildlife interface</strong></p> <p>Jonathan Bastard *, Nichar Gregory *, Maria Pilar Fernandez, Michaela Mincone, Olivia Card, Sara Kross, Maria Diuk-Wasser</p> <p>* These authors contributed equally.</p>
Host aphid immunosuppression by Aphidius ervi venom
<p>Dataset referred to the manuscript: </p> <p><span><span><span><strong>Host aphid immunosuppression by </strong></span></span></span><span><span><span><em><strong>Aphidius</strong></em></span></span></span><span><span><span><strong> </strong></span></span></span><span><span><span><em><strong>ervi</strong></em></span></span></span><span><span><span><strong> venom</strong></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><strong>Elia Russo</strong></span></span><span><sup><span><strong>1§</strong></span></sup></span><span><span><strong>, Andrea Becchimanzi</strong></span></span><span><sup><span><strong>1,2§</strong></span></sup></span><span><span><strong>, Giulia Magoga</strong></span></span><span><sup><span><strong>1</strong></span></sup></span><span><span><strong>, Matteo Montagna</strong></span></span><span><sup><span><strong>1,2</strong></span></sup></span><span><span><strong>, Ilaria Di Lelio</strong></span></span><span><sup><span><strong>1,2</strong></span></sup></span><span><span><strong>* & Francesco Pennacchio</strong></span></span><span><sup><span><strong>1,2</strong></span></sup></span><span><span><strong>*</strong></span></span></p> <p> </p> <p><sup><span>1</span></sup><span>University of Naples ‘Federico II’ - Department of Agricultural Sciences, Naples, Italy, and </span><sup><span>2</span></sup><span>BAT Center - Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Naples, Italy</span></p> <p> </p> <p><span><span><strong>bstract </strong></span></span></p> <p><span><span>The host immunosuppression by parasitic wasps is an important component of the host regulation strategy. The venom injected at the oviposition is one of the key-factors involved in this host alteration and, in some parasitoids, its immunosuppressive role is complemented by wasp’s symbionts. Most studies in this research area are related to hosts belonging to Lepidoptera and Diptera, for which a strong immune response is observed, whereas little is known for hemimetabolous host species, characterized by apparently much weaker defense barriers. To fill this research gap, here we focus on the host–parasitoid system </span></span><span><span><em>Acyrthosiphon pisum</em></span></span><span><span> </span></span><span>(Harris) </span><span><span>(Hemiptera: Aphididae) – </span></span><span><span><em>Aphidius ervi</em></span></span><span><span> Haliday (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). We functionally characterized </span></span><span><span>a serine</span></span><span><span> protease homolog (</span></span><span><span><em>Ae</em></span></span><span><span>SPH) protein </span></span><span><span>in vivo, </span></span><span><span>identified in the venom of the aphid endoparasitoid </span></span><span><span><em>A. ervi</em></span></span><span><span>, generating </span></span><span><span><em>Ae</em></span></span><span><span>SPH-depleted female wasps by RNA interference and evaluating their capacity to successfully parasitize the host. Parasitism success rate was negatively affected by </span></span><span><span><em>Ae</em></span></span><span><span>SPH knockdown and associated with an increased phenoloxidase (PO) cascade activation in aphids, scored by measuring PO enzymatic activity and the expression of</span></span><span><span><em> phenoloxidase activating factor 2</em></span></span><span><span>, a</span></span><span><span> proPO-activating gene upregulated in response to </span></span><span><span><em>A. ervi</em></span></span><span><span> parasitism. Our results indicate that </span></span><span><span><em>Ae</em></span></span><span><span>SPH contributes to parasitism success by inhibiting the melanization response of the host, which is therefore an important component of the defense barriers involved in the parasitoid egg suppression. The undergoing studies on other virulence factors in </span></span><span><span><em>A. ervi</em></span></span><span><span> venom will allow to further characterize the immunosuppression strategy and its possible broader role in the host regulation through its action on aphid symbiont development. </span></span></p>
Struggling to survive: A comparison of Vanessa cardui larval survivorship on putative host plants
<p>The painted lady butterfly (<em>Vanessa cardui</em>) is a generalist herbivore with a global distribution. In North America, over 100 species have been identified as <em>V. cardui</em> larval host plants. This cosmopolitan species is commercially available in all life stages and can be reared on an artificial diet. As a result, <em>V. cardui</em> commonly serves as a model organism for education and outreach. However, gaps in our knowledge remain with regard to <em>V. cardui </em>ecology and larval host plant suitability for supporting complete development of larvae to reproductive adulthood. In a laboratory setting, we tested host plant suitability of five reported host plants commonly found in California sage scrub ecosystems by assessing survival of <em>V. cardui</em> caterpillars in their entirety. We also assessed how commercially sourced larvae survived on an artificial diet: both raising the caterpillars exclusively on an artificial diet, as well as switching diets from artificial to thistle (a commonly reported host plant) and switching from thistle to artificial diet. We found that all commercially-sourced caterpillars exhibited both high larval mortality and low pupation rates when reared on host plants, although larvae reared on <em>Malacothamnus fasciculatus</em> and <em>Sphaeralcea ambigua</em> survived longest. Moreover, <em>M. fasciculatus</em> and <em>S. ambigua </em>were the only host plants tested that supported successful pupation. This contrasted with a 63% higher survival of wild-collected larvae. Our findings suggest that commercially obtained <em>V. cardui </em>may struggle to utilize wild host plants and that future investigations into host plant suitability in wild populations are needed. Additionally, future research using commercial larvae should consider the implications for interpreting host plant suitability as larvae may exhibit adaptations to artificial diet or the loss of adaptation to consuming plant material.</p>
Figure 1 in New records of the shrimp Periclimenes crinoidalis Chace, 1969 (Decapoda: Palaemonidae) and its crinoid host Nemaster grandis A.H. Clark, 1909 (Echinodermata: Crinoidea) in the Caribbean Sea
Figure 1. Crinoid Nemaster grandis, in Chichiriviche de la Costa, Vargas State.
Data and Analyses for Host plant-mediation of viral transmission and its consequences for a native butterfly
<p>This contains R code for all analyses and creation of figures included in the publication entitled "Host plant-mediation of viral transmission and its Q1 consequences for a native butterfly". This article has now been accepted for publication under DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4282. The files containing the data analysis script have been updated to reflect the final analyses included in this paper. </p>
(Extended Data) Amplicon deep sequencing of ama1 and mdr1 to track within-host P. falciparum diversity throughout treatment in a clinical drug trial
<p>These extended data accompany the manuscript: Targeted Amplicon deep sequencing of ama1 and mdr1 to track within-host <em>P. falciparum</em> diversity throughout treatment in a clinical drug trial</p> <p><strong>Table S1: Concentration ratios and resulting parasitemia in artificial dna mixtures of P. falciparum Lab Isolates 3D7 and Dd2.</strong> This table presents the parasitemia for the artificial mixtures of P. falciparum lab isolates 3D7 and Dd2. Each mixture was prepared at varying ratios of 3D7 to Dd2, starting from equal proportions to a complete presence of only 3D7. The original concentration of each isolate was approximately 50,000 parasites per microliter (pf/μl), and the table displays the proportion of each strain in the mixture and the resulting total parasitemia concentration.</p> <p><strong>Table S2. List of PCR and deep sequencing primers.</strong> This table shows the list of forward and reverse primers used for deep sequencing. In boldface are the MID tags, while in the regular face are the forward primers</p> <p><strong>Table S3. The relative frequencies of each ama1 variant and the number of samples with each variant.</strong> The relative frequencies (%) of the 33 AMA1 variants in pre-and post-treatment samples (n = 330) are shown as a 33 amino acid sequence. The frequencies were calculated by dividing the number of reads of each microhaplotype by the total number of reads obtained per sample (116,187,131).</p> <p><strong>Table S4. Distribution of microhaplotypes among samples.</strong> This table shows the occurrence of microhaplotypes across all participants, both with monoclonal and multiclonal ama1 infections. It presents the ama1 clonality – monoclonal or multiclonal (column 1) - participant IDs (column 2), microhaplotype IDs (column 3), and the relative frequencies of these microhaplotypes across timepoints from 0 to 1008 hours (day 42) (column 3). Dashes represent time points where microhaplotypes were missing or were not detected.</p> <p><strong>Table S5. Distribution of rare microhaplotypes among samples.</strong> This table shows the occurrence of rare microhaplotypes in various samples. It presents participant IDs (column 1), microhaplotype IDs (column 2), and the relative frequencies of these microhaplotypes across time points from 0 to 1008 hours (day 42) (column 3). Samples containing rare microhaplotypes - specifically from PID10, PID32, PID38, PID40, PID49, PID60, PID63, and PID65 - are shown in orange, along with the corresponding rare microhaplotypes and their time points of occurrence. Furthermore, participants are categorised by shared microhaplotypes to indicate instances of rarity and commonality. Except for one microhaplotype unique to PID30, rare microhaplotypes were detected in several samples, frequently exceeding a 5% relative frequency. Dashes represent time points where microhaplotypes were missing or were not detected.</p> <p><strong>Table S6. The parasitemia levels associated with each ama1 microhaplotype per timepoint.</strong> This table shows the parasitemia for each ama1 microhaplotype per timepoint and each participant. “Patient ID” represents the patient ID, “AMA1 COI at 0h” represents the complexity of infection (COI) for each participant at baseline, based on ama1 while subsequent columns represent the parasitemia for each ama1 microhaplotype from timepoint 0h to 1008h. Parasitemia was back-calculated using the COI and total parasitemia for each time point. For time points with a COI > 1, parasitemia for the respective ama1 microhaplotypes are separated by commas, cells in red indicate timepoints without sequencing data (ND = not determined). In contrast, cells in grey indicate time points where microhaplotypes were detected below 10 parasites/μl, hence at risk of falling below the sampling limit.</p> <p><strong>Figure S1. Performance of AmpSeq in the sequencing controls.</strong> Six aliquots were prepared for each control set to ensure sufficient control data in case of PCR or sequencing failure. The median read depth in the lab controls was 5,658 (range 4,310 – 12,603) and 704 (291 – 1,676). The x-axis represents the aliquot identifier across the five mixtures, starting from 1 to 6, while the y-axis represents the proportions of each variant across all aliquots. For ama1 (A), two variants (3D7 and Dd2) were detected, whereas in mdr1 (B), two variants were detected YY, FY and NY following amplification of Dd2 Copy I, Dd2 Copy II and 3D7, respectively. For ama1, sequencing failed for aliquot 6 of control set 1, while for mdr1, sequencing failed for aliquot 2 and 6 of control set 3, aliquots 1 and 6 of control set 4 and aliquots 1 and 5 of control set 5. Under the mdr1 control set 4, the Dd2 copy II (86F, 184Y) was not identified, possibly due to having very low concentrations that were not picked up in this aliquot. Based on our control mixtures, the minimum variant frequency we could detect was 5%.</p> <p><strong>Figure S2. Heatmaps of the successfully PCR amplified and sequenced samples for ama1 (A) and mdr1 (B).</strong> The rows represent the study participants, while the columns represent time in hours. Successfully sequenced samples are shown in blue, those that failed PCR are shown in red and those that failed sequencing are in black. The timepoint “ Rec” represents unscheduled visits where a recurrent sample was collected. The unshaded areas with "-" are time points where samples were not collected. For each time point, the number of samples successfully sequenced (n Successful) is indicated in the last row of each panel. The table in panel C shows the groupings of samples based on parasitemia, high (> 5,000), moderate (100-5,000) and low (< 100 parasites per microlitre). Many samples collected between 0h-12h had high parasitemia, samples collected between 18h–30h had moderate parasitemia, while samples collected after 30h were primarily of low parasitemia.</p> <p><strong>Figure S3. The mean complexity of infection (COI) by AMA1 throughout treatment.</strong> The mean COI (red diamonds) appeared to be stable (between 1.5 - 2) from baseline (0h) up to 72h and thereafter fluctuated due to the small sample sizes (<5) in the post-treatment samples. The black dots represent the COI per sample.</p> <p> </p>
Ectopical expression of bacterial collagen-like protein supports its role as adhesin in host-parasite coevolution
<div> <div> <div> <div> <p>For a profound understanding of antagonistic coevolution, it is necessary to identify the coevolving genes. The bacterium Pasteuria and its host, the microcrustacean Daphnia, are a well-characterized paradigm for co-evolution, but the underlying genes remain largely unknown. A genome-wide association study suggested a Pasteuria collagen-like protein 7 (Pcl7) as a candidate mediating parasite attachment and driving its coevolution with the host. Since Pasteuria ramosa cannot currently be genetically manipulated, we used Bacillus thuringiensis to express a fusion protein of a Pcl7 carboxy- terminus from P. ramosa and the amino-terminal domain of a B. thuringiensis collagen-like protein (CLP). Mutant B. thuringiensis (Pcl7-Bt) spores but not wild-type B. thuringiensis (WT-Bt) spores, attached to the same site of susceptible hosts as P. ramosa. Furthermore, Pcl7-Bt spores attached readily to susceptible host genotypes, but only slightly to resistant host genotypes. These findings indicated that the fusion protein was properly expressed and folded and demonstrated that indeed the C-terminus of Pcl7 mediates attachment in a host genotype-specific manner. These results provide strong evidence for the involvement of a CLP in the coevolution of Daphnia and P. ramosa and open new avenues for genetic epidemiological studies of host–parasite interactions.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div>
Symbiodiniaceae diversity varies by host and environment across thermally distinct reefs
<p>Analysis for Coral population ecology predicts Symbiodiniaceae diversity across thermally distinct reefs<br>Authors: Magena R. Marzonie, Matthew R. Nitschke, Line K. Bay, David G. Bourne, Hugo B. Harrison</p> <p><strong>1_Analysis.Rmd</strong> contains all scripts required to run analyses within the manuscript. Analysis are structured as follows within the Rmd: (use Outline tab in Rmd for easy navigating)</p> <ol> <li>Library statistics for ITS2 type profiles/DIVs <br</li> <li>UPGMA trees for ITS2 type profiles/DIVs</li> <li>Marker alignment tanglegram psba-ITS2</li> <li>PCoAs with UniFrac distance</li> <li>distance-based RDAs</li> <li>Procrustes rotation analysis</li> <li>distance-based RDA subset models with host genetic data</li> </ol> <p> </p> <p><strong>2_R2Analyses.Rmd</strong></p> <ol> <li>Scripts to run host NJ (neighbour-joining trees)</li> <li>Run final distance based RDA models (host and environmental conditional models)</li> </ol> <p>Other files needed to run scripts></p> <p><strong>O_SymPortal</strong> folder contains post-med sequence analysis of symbiont DIVs and Type Profiles which are required to run 1_Analysis</p> <p><strong>Metadata.csv</strong> contains environmental and host species data associated with each sample. Note that 'Vial' refers to each coral individual sample collected</p> <p><strong>Metadata_mtorf.csv</strong> contains environmental and host species data associated with each sample, with updated mtORF alignment. Both metadata files are required for 1_Analysis. Note that 'Vial' refers to each coral individual sample collected</p> <p><strong>psba txt files</strong> are required to run the marker alignment</p> <p><strong>PverDart_CSS/ PmeaDart_CSS/ AcroDart_AlCluster_CSS</strong> contains the scripts required to run host filtering These files are not needed to directly run 1_Analysis.Rmd scripts, but show the pre-filtering steps prior to importing host genetic data.</p>
Videos of Common Cuckoos parasitizing their Reed Warbler hosts in China
<p>Dataset including eight .mp4 videos:</p> <p>Videos 1-3: Egg laying by female cuckoos in host nests.</p> <p>Video 4: The host collected the nest materials for nesting.</p> <p>Videos 5-7: The Common Cuckoo visits the host nest but not egg-laying.</p> <p>Video 8: The calling by a female Oriental Reed Warbler in a nest in the morning.</p>
Inhibition of gut digestive proteases by cyanobacterial diets decreases infection in a Daphnia host-parasite system
<p>Secondary metabolites produced by primary producers have a wide range of functions as well as indirect effects outside the scope of their direct target. Research suggests that protease inhibitors produced by cyanobacteria influence grazing by herbivores and may also protect against parasites of cyanobacteria. In this study we asked whether those same protease inhibitors produced by cyanobacteria also can influence interactions of herbivores with their parasites. </p> <p>We used the <em>Daphnia-Metschnikowia</em> zooplankton host-fungal parasite system to address this question because it is well-documented that cyanobacteria protease inhibitors suppress trypsin and chymotrypsin in the gut of <em>Daphnia</em>, and because it is known that <em>Metschnikowia</em> infects via the gut. We tested the hypothesis that <em>Daphnia</em> gut proteases are necessary for <em>Metschnikowia</em> spores to be released from their asci. We then also tested whether diets that decrease trypsin and chymotrypsin activity in the guts of <em>Daphnia</em> lead to lower levels of infection.</p> <p>Our results show that chymotrypsin promotes release of the fungal spores from their asci. Moreover, a diet that strongly inhibited chymotrypsin activity in <em>Daphnia</em> decreased infection levels, particularly in the most susceptible <em>Daphnia</em> clones.</p> <p>Our results support the growing literature that cyanobacterial diets can be beneficial to zooplankton hosts when challenged by parasites and uncover a mechanism that contributes to the protective effect of cyanobacterial diets. Specifically, we demonstrate that host chymotrypsin enzymes promote dehiscence of <em>Metschnikowia</em> spores; when cyanobacteria inhibit activity of chymotrypsin in hosts, this most likely traps the spore inside the ascus, preventing the parasite from puncturing the gut and beginning the infection process, and reduced the proportion of <em>Daphnia</em> infected.</p> <p>This study illustrates how secondary metabolites of phytoplankton can protect herbivores against their own enemies.</p>
Aphidius ervi venom regulates Buchnera contribution to host nutritional suitability
<p>Dataset referred to the manuscript "Aphidius ervi venom regulates Buchnera contribution to host nutritional suitability" by </p> <p><a href="../search?q=metadata.creators.person_or_org.name%3A%22Russo,+Elia%22"><span>Russo, Elia</span><sup>1 </sup></a><a href="../search?q=metadata.creators.person_or_org.name%3A%22Di+Lelio,+Ilaria%22"><span>Di Lelio, Ilaria</span><sup>2 </sup></a><a href="../search?q=metadata.creators.person_or_org.name%3A%22Shi,+Min%22"><span>Shi, Min</span><sup>3 </sup></a><a href="../search?q=metadata.creators.person_or_org.name%3A%22Becchimanzi,+Andrea%22"><span>Becchimanzi, Andrea</span><sup>2 </sup></a><a href="../search?q=metadata.creators.person_or_org.name%3A%22Pennacchio,+Francesco%22"><span>Pennacchio, Francesco</span><sup>2</sup></a></p> <p><sup>Abstract: The association between the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Homoptera: Aphididae), and the endophagous parasitoid wasp Aphidius ervi Haliday (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) offers a unique model system for studying the molecular mechanisms underlying the complex interactions between the parasitoid, its host and the associated primary symbiont. Here, we investigate in vivo the functional role of the most abundant component of A. ervi venom, Ae-γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (Ae-γ-GT), which is known to induce host castration. Microinjections of double-stranded RNA into A. ervi pupae stably knocked down Ae-γ-GT1 and Ae-γ-GT2 paralogue genes in newly emerged females. These females were used to score the phenotypic changes both in parasitized hosts and in the parasitoid's progeny, as affected by a venom blend lacking Ae-γ-GT. Ae-γ-GT gene silencing enhanced growth both of host and parasitoid, supported by a higher load of the primary bacterial symbiont Buchnera aphidicola. Emerging adults showed a reduced survival and fecundity, suggesting a trade-off with body size. This demonstrates in vivo the primary role of Ae-γ-GT in host ovary degeneration and suggests that this protein counterbalances the proliferation of Buchnera likely triggered by other venom components. Our study provides a new approach to unravelling the complexity of aphid parasitoid venom in vivo, and sheds light on a novel role for Ae-γ-GT in host regulation.</sup></p> <p> </p>
Fig. 3 in Hamatospiculum flagellispiculosum (Nematoda: Diplotriaenidae) causing severe disease in a new host from Argentine Patagonia: Campephilus magellanicus (Aves: Picidae)
Fig. 3. Schematic outline of the tail of male Hamatospiculum flagellispiculosum.
FIGURE 4 in A trunk-nesting form of the processionary caterpillar Ochrogaster lunifer (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) restricted to a single host species Corymbia tessellaris (Myrtaceae), with some comparisons to the ground-nesting form
FIGURE 4 Frequency plot of the head capsule widths of Ochrogaster lunifer tree-hugger larvae.
Figure 1 in DNA barcoding, visual-guide resource, new localities and host associations of genus Periglischrus Oudemans, 1902 (Acari: Mesostigmata, Spinturnicidae) from Minas Gerais, Brazil
Figure 1 Geographical distribution of sampling localities ofPeriglischrus spp.
Data From: Lighting pathways to success in STEM: A virtual Lab Meeting Program (LaMP) mutually benefits mentees and host labs
<p>Developing robust professional networks can help shape the trajectories of early career scientists. Yet, historical inequities in STEM fields make access to these networks highly variable across academic programs, and senior academics often have little time for mentoring. Here, we illustrate the success of a Virtual Lab Meeting Program (LaMP). In this program, we matched students ("Mentees") with a more experienced researcher ("Mentors") from a research group. The Mentees then attended the Mentors' lab meetings during the academic year with two lab meetings specifically dedicated to the Mentee's professional development. Survey results indicate that Mentees expanded their knowledge of the hidden curriculum as well as their professional network, while only requiring a few extra hours of their Mentor's time over eight months. In addition, host labs benefitted from Mentees sharing new perspectives and knowledge in lab meetings. The diversity of the Mentees was significantly higher than the Mentors, suggesting that the program increased the participation of traditionally underrepresented groups. Finally, we found that providing a stipend was very important to many mentees. We conclude that Virtual Lab Meeting Programs can be an inclusive and cost-effective way to foster trainee development and increase diversity within STEM fields with little additional time commitment.</p>
Data for: Local adaptation of a generalist hemiparasitic plant to one of its potential host plants
<p>Coevolution is often found in parasite-host interactions but has not yet been described for hemiparasitic plants and their hosts. Root hemiparasites like <em>Rhinanthus alectorolophus</em> perform photosynthesis but also parasitize other plant species, some of which (e.g. <em>Plantago lanceolata</em>) may defend themselves against parasite attack by blocking the haustoria of the parasites. We grew seedlings of the hemiparasite <em>Rhinanthus alectorolophus</em> and the potential host <em>Plantago lanceolata</em> from seven grassland sites in a factorial design. To detect differences in host defence, we also included hosts from two 'naïve' populations from regions where the parasite does not occur.<em> R. alectorolophus</em> grew consistently larger and had higher fitness with sympatric than with allopatric hosts, suggesting parasite adaptation to local host populations. Moreover, <em>R. alectorolophus</em> remained smallest with allopatric hosts from the same region and reached intermediate sizes with allopatric hosts from other regions or naïve hosts, suggesting host adaptation to parasites at the regional scale. Parasite presence reduced the size of the host plants already after four weeks, but only that of hosts with 'experience' of the parasite, suggesting an early host response. Follow-up experiments confirmed that parasites attach to hosts already after four weeks and hosts respond by changing belowground allocation patterns. However, parasite roots did not preferentially grow towards sympatric hosts. Our results suggest that local adaptation to hosts can occur even in generalist parasites and does not require specialization on individual hosts. We discuss the role of potential mechanisms, including variation in chemical signalling (early) and in host defence (late effects).</p>
Figure 2 in Identification key for chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) infesting the Indian Peafowl (Pavo cristatus) with one new country record and new host record for Saudi Arabia
Figure 2. The illustrated drawing of Amyrsidea minuta male genitalia.
Figure 3 in Identification key for chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) infesting the Indian Peafowl (Pavo cristatus) with one new country record and new host record for Saudi Arabia
Figure 3. Female Menacanthus stramineus. Normal image on the left and modified image on the right.
First insights into population structure and genetic diversity versus host specificity in trypanorhynch tapeworms using multiplexed shotgun genotyping
<p>Theory predicts relaxed host specificity and high host vagility should contribute to reduced genetic structure in parasites while strict host specificity and low host vagility should increase genetic structure. Though these predictions are intuitive, they have never been explicitly tested in a population genomic framework. Trypanorhynch tapeworms, which parasitize sharks and rays (elasmobranchs) as definitive hosts, are the only order of elasmobranch tapeworms that exhibit considerable variability in their definitive host specificity. This allows for unique combinations of host use and geographic range, making trypanorhynchs ideal candidates for studying how these traits influence population-level structure and genetic diversity. Multiplexed shotgun genotyping (MSG) datasets were generated to characterize component population structure and infrapopulation diversity for a representative of each trypanorhynch suborder: the ray-hosted <em>Rhinoptericola megacantha</em> (Trypanobatoida) and the shark-hosted Callitetrarhynchus gracilis (Trypanoselachoida). Adults of <em>R. megacantha</em> are more host-specific and less broadly distributed than adults of <em>C. gracilis</em>, allowing correlation between these factors and genetic structure. Replicate tapeworm specimens were sequenced from the same host individual, from multiple conspecific hosts within and across geographic regions, and from multiple definitive host species. For <em>R. megacantha</em>, population structure coincided with geography rather than host species. For <em>C. gracilis</em>, limited population structure was found, suggesting a potential link between degree of host specificity and structure. Conspecific trypanorhynchs from the same host individual were found to be as, or more, genetically divergent from one another as from conspecifics from different host individuals. For both species, high levels of homozygosity and positive FIS values were documented.</p>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.