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FIGURE 2. A in A detailed taxonomic study on two new and one known species of Anaplectus De Coninck & Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1933 (Nematoda: Plectidae)
FIGURE 2. A. sudhausi sp. nov. A: Anterior end (SEM). B: Anterior end LM). C: En face view. D: Neck region (SEM). E: Anterior Pharyngeal region (LM). F: Posterior pharyngeal region. G: Body region with lateral field. H, I: Female posterior region (SEM). J: Male posterior region (SEM). K, L: Male posterior region (LM) (Scale bars = 10 μm).
FIGURE 1 in A detailed taxonomic study on two new and one known species of Anaplectus De Coninck & Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1933 (Nematoda: Plectidae)
FIGURE 1. Anaplectus sudhausi sp. nov. A: Entire female. B: Anterior end. C: Female pharyngeal region D: Female reproductive system. E: Female posterior region. F: Male posterior region.
FIGURE 5. A in A detailed taxonomic study on two new and one known species of Anaplectus De Coninck & Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1933 (Nematoda: Plectidae)
FIGURE 5. A. granulosus. (Bastian, 1865) De Coninck & Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1933 A: Anterior end. B: Neck region. C: Anterior pharyngeal region. D–F: Posterior pharyngeal region. G: Anterior genital branch. H: Uterine region. I: Posterior genital branch. J: Vulval region. K: Body region showing lateral fields. L, M: Posterior body region. N: Tail terminus (Scale bars = 10 μm).
FIGURE 4. A in A detailed taxonomic study on two new and one known species of Anaplectus De Coninck & Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1933 (Nematoda: Plectidae)
FIGURE 4. A. labiosulcus sp. nov. A: Anterior end (SEM). B, C: Anterior end. D: Head region (SEM). E, F: Body region showing hypodermal glands. G: Pharyngeal region. H–J: Vulval region. K: Body region showing lateral fields. L: Posterior body region (SEM). M: Tail region (LM). N: Tail region (SEM) (Scale bars = 10 μm).
FIGURE 3. A in A detailed taxonomic study on two new and one known species of Anaplectus De Coninck & Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1933 (Nematoda: Plectidae)
FIGURE 3. A. labiosulcus sp. nov. A: Entire female. B: Anterior end showing hypodermal glands. C: Anterior end. D: Female pharyngeal region. E: Female reproductive system. F. Hypodermal glands flanking lateral fields. G: Female posterior region.
Fig. 2 in Ten species in one: DNA barcoding reveals cryptic species in the neotropical skipper butterfly Astraptes fulgerator
Fig. 2. Last-instar caterpillars of 10 species in the A. fulgerator complex from the ACG. Interim names reflect the primary larval food plant and, in some cases, a color character of the adult.
Fig. 3 in Ten species in one: DNA barcoding reveals cryptic species in the neotropical skipper butterfly Astraptes fulgerator
Fig. 3. NJ tree based on Kimura-2-Parameter distances for COI DNA sequences from 466 individuals of the A. fulgerator complex from the ACG. Numbers in parentheses indicate the total sample size for each interim taxon, rectangles caricature caterpillar color patterns, and black backgrounds indicate groups of 10 conspecifics with identical sequences.
Fig. 1. Newly eclosed female A in Ten species in one: DNA barcoding reveals cryptic species in the neotropical skipper butterfly Astraptes fulgerator
Fig. 1. Newly eclosed female A. fulgerator (species LOHAMP, voucher code 02-SRNP-9770) from the ACG.
FIGURES 13–23 in One new species and one newly recorded species in the subgenus Myothorax Murray 1864 from China (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae: Carpophilinae: Carpophilus)
FIGURES 13–23. Carpophilus (Myothorax) nepos Murray, 1864: (12) male habitus, dorsal, (13) male habitus, ventral, (14) labrum, (15) right maxillary palp, dorsal, (16) left mandible, dorsal, (17) prosternal process, (18) tegmen, dorsal, (19) tegmen, lateral, (20) sternite VIII, (21) left antenna, dorsal. Scale bars: 1 mm (Figs. 12–13), 0.1 mm (Figs. 18–20).
FIGURES 1–11 in One new species and one newly recorded species in the subgenus Myothorax Murray 1864 from China (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae: Carpophilinae: Carpophilus)
FIGURES 1–11. Carpophilus (Myothorax) brunneus sp. nov.: (1) male habitus, dorsal, (2) male habitus, ventral, (3) right antenna, dorsal, (4) left maxillary palp, dorsal, (5) labrum, (6) left mandible, dorsal, (7) prosternal process, (8) tegmen, dorsal, (9) tegmen, lateral, (10) sternite VIII, (11) ovipositor. Scale bars: 1 mm (Figs. 1–2), 0.1 mm (Figs. 8–11).
FIGURES 9–16 in Species of Astrothrips from China, with one new species and a list of plant associations (Thysanoptera, Panchaetothripinae)
FIGURES 9–16. Head and pronotum of Astrothrips species. (9) aucubae; (10) globiceps; (11) chisinliaoensis (12) strasseni; (13) tumiceps; (14) Pronotum of glanduculus (variant); (15) glanduculus; (16) asiaticus.
FIGURES 1–8. Astrothrips species. 1–4 A in Species of Astrothrips from China, with one new species and a list of plant associations (Thysanoptera, Panchaetothripinae)
FIGURES 1–8. Astrothrips species. 1–4 A. glanduculus sp.n (1) Female; (2) Male; (3) Abdominal tergites VII–X of male; (4) Abdominal sternites V–VII of male. 5–6 globiceps. (5) Abdominal sternites IV–VII of male; (6) Abdominal tergites VIII–X of female; (7) Abdominal tergites VIII–X of chisinliaoensis; (8) Abdominal tergites VI–VII of glanduculus.
FIGURES 17–26. Astrothrips species. 17–18, 20–22 in Species of Astrothrips from China, with one new species and a list of plant associations (Thysanoptera, Panchaetothripinae)
FIGURES 17–26. Astrothrips species. 17–18, 20–22. Meso-metanotum of Astrothrips species (17) strasseni; (18) chisinliaoensis; (19) Antennae of aucubae; (20) aucubae; (21) tumiceps; (22) glanduculus; (23) Fore wing of glanduculus; 24–26 Antennae of Astrothrips species (24) glanduculus; (25) chisinliaoensis; (26) strasseni.
FIGURE 4. A, B, C in A new genus of Podoscirtini with one new species from Guangxi, China (Orthoptera: Gryllidae; Podoscirtinae)
FIGURE 4. A, B, C. Male's genital of P. guangxiensis. A. Dorsal viewed; B. Lateral viewed; C. Ventral viewed. as, accessory structure; ect, ectoparameres; end, endoparameres; epi, epiphallus; gd, guiding rod.
FIGURE 2 in A new genus of Podoscirtini with one new species from Guangxi, China (Orthoptera: Gryllidae; Podoscirtinae)
FIGURE 2. Variation of male genitalia of Xuanwua motuoensis (one, A–C; other, D–F). A, D. Dorsal viewed; B, E. Lateral viewed; C, F. Ventral viewed. as, accessory structure; ect, ectoparameres; end, endoparameres; epi, epiphallus; gd, guiding rod.
FIGURE 1 in A new genus of Podoscirtini with one new species from Guangxi, China (Orthoptera: Gryllidae; Podoscirtinae)
FIGURE 1. Xuanwua motuoensis (male). A. Body; B. Metanotal gland; C. Anal plate. All figures viewed dorsally. Scale bar: 1cm.
FIGURE 3. P in A new genus of Podoscirtini with one new species from Guangxi, China (Orthoptera: Gryllidae; Podoscirtinae)
FIGURE 3. P. guangxiensis sp. n. A. Body; B. Metanotal gland; C. Anal plate. All figures viewed from dorsal. Scale bar: 1cm.
Data from: Genetic analyses reveal hybridization but no hybrid swarm in one of the world's rarest birds
Abstract: Hybridization facilitated by human activities has dramatically altered the evolutionary trajectories of threatened taxa around the globe. Whereas introduced mammalian predators and widespread habitat loss and degradation clearly imperil the recovery and survival of the New Zealand endemic black stilt or kakī (Himantopus novaezelandiae), the risk associated with hybridization between this critically endangered endemic and its self-introduced congener, the pied stilt or poaka (H. himantopus leucocephalus) is less clear. Here we combine Bayesian admixture analyses of microsatellite data with mitochondrial DNA sequence data to assess the levels of hybridization and introgression between kakī and poaka. We show that birds classified as hybrids on the basis of adult plumage are indeed of hybrid origin and that hybridisation between kakī and poaka is both extensive and bidirectional. Despite this, we found almost no evidence for introgression from poaka to kakī, thus negating a popular belief that kakī represent a hybrid swarm. To our knowledge, ours represents the first comprehensive study to document a lack of widespread introgression for a species at risk despite a recent history of extensive bidirectional human-induced hybridization. We attribute this rather surprising result, in part, to reduced reproductive success in female hybrids combined with a transient male-biased kakī sex ratio. To maximize the evolutionary potential of kakī, we use these data to recommend conservation management activities aimed to maintain the genetic integrity and to maximize the genetic diversity of this iconic rare bird.
Is there more than one way to cross the Caribbean Sea? Migratory strategies of Nearctic-Neotropical landbirds departing from northern Colombia
For migratory landbird species, large expanses of open water or inhospitable areas provide unique challenges during migration. Research on the strategies that species use to navigate barriers can yield insights into the factors shaping the evolution of migration and facilitate the identification of critical staging areas prior to barrier crossing. One such barrier, the Caribbean Sea, has received little study but must be negotiated by ≈50 migratory landbirds as they fly from South America to North America in spring. Recent discoveries from the Gray-cheeked Thrush (Catharus minimus), which undertakes non-stop flights >3000 km across the Caribbean Sea, raises the possibility that the breadth of potential strategies has been unappreciated thus far. We calculated fuel load and potential flight range in 9985 individuals of 16 species captured over 10 years at two stopover sites in northern Colombia to 1) evaluate the likely migratory strategy of these species as they depart northern Colombia in spring, and 2) evaluate the influence of family, diet, morphology and migratory distance on potential flight range. We found considerable variation in flight ranges and therefore strategies for crossing the Caribbean Sea/Gulf of Mexico barrier complex. In addition to Gray-cheeked Thrush, non-stop flights >2500 km were possible in Yellow-billed Cuckoo (Coccyzus americanus), Yellow Warbler (Setophaga petechia) and Northern Waterthrush (Parkesia noveboracensis). The remaining species were either capable of over-water flights to the Yucatan Peninsula/Cuba (>1800 km) or shorter flights to middle Central America (>1000 km) and likely required one or more stopovers to reach North America. Predicted flight ranges were influenced by morphology but not by distance, diet or taxonomic group, providing a novel insight into the evolution of migratory strategies. Our study confirms the vital role northern Colombia performs in providing energy for migratory birds and highlights the Caribbean as a key migratory barrier for many species.
Data from: Egg mimicry by the pacific koel: mimicry of one host facilitates exploitation of other hosts with similar egg types
When brood parasites exploit multiple host species, egg rejection by hosts may select for the evolution of host-specific races, where each race mimics a particular host's egg type. However, some brood parasites that exploit multiple hosts with the ability to reject foreign eggs appear to have only a single egg type. In these cases, it is unclear how the parasite egg escapes detection by its hosts. Three possible explanations are: (i) host-specific races are present, but differences in egg morphology are difficult for the human eye to detect; (ii) the brood parasite evolves a single egg type that is intermediate in appearance between the eggs of its hosts; (iii) or the parasite evolves mimicry of one of its hosts, which subsequently allows it to exploit other species with similar egg morphology. Here we test these possibilities by quantifying parameters of egg appearance of the brood-parasitic Pacific Koel (Eudynamys orientalis) and seven of its hosts. Koel eggs laid in the nests of different hosts did not show significant differences in colour or pattern, suggesting that koels have not evolved host-specific races. Koel eggs were similar in colour, luminance and pattern to the majority of hosts, but were significantly more similar in colour and luminance to one of the major hosts than to two other major hosts, supporting hypothesis (iii). Our findings suggest that mimicry of one host can allow a brood parasite to exploit new hosts with similar egg morphologies, which could inhibit the evolution of host defences in naïve hosts.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.